336 lines
73 KiB
XML
336 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="B08E0924886411C439D1C201299A21FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="224103" ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a360f5c7-16da-4c69-afbe-01e6ad032418" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFF3FFFEFF1DFD3EC132FC91" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Proencistemon portugallicus E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="357" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="355" updateTime="1728604091448" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="C729F0EE6FB11B0CC6F29064A4C3F919">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="84C311D49B7977A194D352EB43AAE19B">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29D96FB92177C8D74515D1E26817B466">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AB1F3519F8D8FED670C72F80BE78B0D">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="015EA26EE292E474DC16DCFDCBF4E670">Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23A53D39F402351569A2EEBBDEE67230">Kvaček, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="51DC006AE8B4355D742E2ACCDD07C512">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="918D4829F89BF20D1A0FD4CFCE742CD8">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EECD0C89F08A7885634A1878D9139E6E">2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD87F2FFF3FFFEFF1DFD3EC132FC91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7535255" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208830453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7535255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFF3FFFEFF1DFD3EC132FC91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFF3FFFEFF1DFD3EC132FC91" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFF3FFE0FF1DFD3EC1ADFD5C" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF1DFD3EC1ADFD5C" blockId="14.[162,734,705,762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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<heading id="D0A38188FFF3FFE0FF1DFD3EC1ADFD5C" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FF1DFD3EC1ADFD5C" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FF1DFD3EC101FD5F" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FF1DFD3EC2A6FD7F" bold="true" box="[162,478,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213578DFFF3FFE0FD3FFD1DC1ADFD5C" box="[640,725,738,762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFF3FFFEFEEAFCFDC132FC91" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FEEAFCFDC153FCBC" blockId="14.[341,555,770,794]" box="[341,555,770,794]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FEEAFCFDC294FCBC" box="[341,492,770,794]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-figs 8a–f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FE48FCFDC153FCBC" box="[503,555,770,794]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">9a–g</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FCCDC247FCCC" blockId="14.[129,768,818,874]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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Holotype. P0341 (Catefica sample MM282; figured
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FF3EFCADC24AFCCC" box="[129,306,850,874]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 8a, c, d</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FC7DC078FC3F" blockId="14.[129,768,898,955]" box="[166,768,898,922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Plant Fossil Names Registry Number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF3EFC5CC2BFFC1C" blockId="14.[129,768,898,955]" box="[129,455,930,955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">PFN002789 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FC2CC110FB8D" blockId="14.[128,767,978,1067]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Paratypes. S266015, S266016 (Catefica sample 49), S170393, S170394 (Catefica sample 50), S174257 (Catefica sample 150), S122086 (Catefica sample 342).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FBBCC218FBDA" blockId="14.[128,767,1091,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CB9FFF3FFE0FF19FBBCC218FBDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4013209309" collectionCode="R, P" country="Portugal" location="Geological Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lisboa" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFF3FFE0FF19FBBCC3C0FBFC" box="[166,184,1091,1114]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Repository</collectionCode>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFF3FFE0FED0FBBCC2AEFBFD" box="[367,470,1091,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<location id="8E8B603FFFF3FFE0FE51FBBCC1ACFBFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFF3FFFEFF1DFD3EC132FC91:8E8B603FFFF3FFE0FE51FBBCC1ACFBFC" box="[494,724,1091,1115]" country="Portugal" name="Geological Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" stateProvince="Lisboa">Geological Museum</location>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="4990F806FFF3FFE0FF3FFB9BC3B5FBDA" box="[128,205,1124,1148]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFF3FFE0FF67FB9BC24AFBDA" box="[216,306,1124,1148]" name="Portugal" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFF3FFE0FEFDFB9BC22CFBDA" box="[322,340,1124,1148]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FB7AC2FCFB7B" blockId="14.[128,767,1091,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CB9FFF3FFE0FF19FB7AC207FB7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4013209311" collectionCode="S" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFF3FFE0FF19FB7AC26AFB3B" box="[166,274,1157,1181]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<location id="8E8B603FFFF3FFE0FE93FB7BC11FFB3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFF3FFFEFF1DFD3EC132FC91:8E8B603FFFF3FFE0FE93FB7BC11FFB3A" box="[300,615,1156,1180]" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" name="Palaeobotanical Collections" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" stateProvince="Stockholm">Palaeobotanical Collections</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC9EFFF3FFE0FD3EFB7AC247FB1B" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Department of Palaeobiology</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="628A4E68FFF3FFE0FEEDFB5AC183FB1B" box="[338,763,1189,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Swedish Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
|
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4990F806FFF3FFE0FF3FFB3AC38EFB7B" box="[128,246,1221,1245]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFF3FFE0FEBEFB3AC22DFB7B" box="[257,341,1221,1245]" name="Sweden" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFF3FFE0FED9FB3AC20EFB7B" box="[358,374,1221,1245]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FB0AC389FA8B" blockId="14.[128,767,1269,1325]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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Etymology. From
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFF3FFE0FE1EFB0AC283FAAB" box="[417,507,1269,1293]" name="Portugal" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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where the fossils were recovered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FAB9C2A7FA38" blockId="14.[128,767,1348,1438]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CB9FFF3FFE0FF19FAB9C2A3FA38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4013209304" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" location="Catefica" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" specimenCount="1">
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Type locality. Catefica (
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE605023FFF3FFE0FDD7FABBC18BFAFB" box="[616,755,1348,1373]" degrees="09" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-9.241667">09°14ʹ 30ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
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), between the villages of
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<location id="8E8B603FFFF3FFE0FEC0FA99C2AEFAD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFF3FFFEFF1DFD3EC132FC91:8E8B603FFFF3FFE0FEC0FA99C2AEFAD8" box="[383,470,1382,1406]" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" name="Catefica" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Catefica</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC9EFFF3FFE0FDB5FA99C104FAD8" box="[522,636,1382,1406]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Mugideira</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FD76FA99C187FAD8" box="[713,767,1382,1406]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
south of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628A4E68FFF3FFE0FF62FA78C20AFA38" box="[221,370,1414,1438]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Torres Vedras</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFF3FFE0FEC2FA79C2A3FA38" box="[381,475,1414,1438]" name="Portugal" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19FA49C154FA48" blockId="14.[128,767,1462,1519]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Type stratum and age. Almargem Formation, Early Cretaceous (Aptian-early Albian).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19F9F9C296F9F9" blockId="14.[128,768,1542,1631]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Specific diagnosis. As for the genus with the following addition: anthers very narrowly elliptical and of the same width from base to apex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19F988C140F897" blockId="14.[128,768,1655,1842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Distinguishing features.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FD9CF987C3ACF916" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FD9CF987C3ACF916" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the staminate inflorescence fragment from Catefica described here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FDDFF946C3D9F956" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FDDFF946C187F976" box="[608,767,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Proencistemon</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having shorter stamens in which the pollen sacs are of equal width from base to apex. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FDADF905C1AFF8B7" box="[530,727,1786,1809]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FDADF905C1C9F8B7" box="[530,689,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Proencistemon</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the pollen sacs are broader towards the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19F8B5C1ECF805" blockId="14.[128,767,1865,1955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Dimensions. Staminate structure (measured on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFF3FFE0FF3FF895C3A7F824" box="[128,223,1898,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FE90F895C2F8F824" box="[303,384,1898,1922]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; stamens
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FDD5F895C1B1F824" box="[618,713,1898,1922]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FF12F875C274F804" box="[173,268,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad; pollen diameter 12.5–16 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FF19F844C080FDF2" blockId="14.[128,768,1978,2100]" lastBlockId="14.[843,1482,152,1502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Description and remarks. The material includes two spherical staminate inflorescences that are three dimensionally preserved and have several series of stamens radiating from the central axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FE5FF7E3C1F8F792" box="[480,640,2076,2100]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 8a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are also strongly compressed, lignitised inflorescence fragments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FCEDFF47C08AFF76" box="[850,1010,184,208]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 9a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
), isolated stamens and pollen clumps. The inflorescences are unisexual, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FB77FF27C662FF56" box="[1224,1306,216,240]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and appear to be more or less spherical. They consist of up to 30 densely packed stamens. Bracts observed on the abaxial surface of an inflorescence fragment are poorly preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FCEDFEA5C0A9FED4" box="[850,977,346,370]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 9a</figureCitation>
|
||
) and it is unclear whether each bract subtends one or several stamens. The arrangement of the stamens in the three-dimensionally preserved specimens is also not conclusive. In specimen P0341 stamens appear to be arranged singly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FBBCFE24C7FCFE55" box="[1027,1156,475,499]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 8a</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in specimen S174257 some of the stamens appear to occur in pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FA84FE03C6C5FDB2" box="[1339,1469,508,532]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 8b</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is also the case for several of the compressed specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FCEDFDC3C093FDF2" box="[850,1003,572,596]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 9a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FCCFFDA2C607FA7B" blockId="14.[843,1482,152,1502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Stamens are narrowly elongate, elliptical to rectangular in shape, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FC40FD82C71AFD32" box="[1023,1122,637,661]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FB10FD82C669FD32" box="[1199,1297,637,661]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad, and lack a well-developed filament. Anthers are sessile or almost sessile, dithecate, tetrasporangiate and with a short flattened apical connective that is mostly abraded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FAA4FD21C6C5FD50" box="[1307,1469,734,758]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 8a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stamens in the lignitised specimens are flattened and elliptical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FC08FCE0C742FC91" box="[951,1082,799,823]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 9b</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are slightly longer than those in the charcoalified stamens, but are treated here as the same species based on the identical pollen. Pollen grains are small, circular in outline, 12.5–16 µm in diameter and have a trichotomocolpate aperture in which the arms are short and do not reach to the equator (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FB5DFC3FC607FC7E" box="[1250,1407,960,985]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-figs 8c, e</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FA35FC3FC6C6FC7E" box="[1418,1470,960,984]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">9c–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aperture margin is indistinct and the aperture membrane is irregularly verrucate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FBE8FBFEC782FBBF" box="[1111,1274,1025,1049]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-figs 8c, e</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FAB5FBFEC645FBBF" box="[1290,1341,1025,1049]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">9c–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pollen wall is semitectate-reticulate with a homobrochate reticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FCEEFBBDC096FBFC" box="[849,1006,1090,1114]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-figs 8c–f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FC42FBBDC749FBFC" box="[1021,1073,1090,1114]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">9c–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Muri are about 0.2 µm broad with a rounded profile and a supratectal ornamentation of minute verrucae that are aligned in two to three longitudinal rows and form poorly defined transverse ridges over the muri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FCEDFB3CC089FB7D" box="[850,1009,1219,1243]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-figs 8d, f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FC40FB3CC765FB7D" box="[1023,1053,1219,1243]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FC40FB3CC765FB7D" box="[1023,1053,1219,1243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Muri are supported by medium sized and widely spaced columellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FB15FB1BC64AFB5A" box="[1194,1330,1252,1276]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-figs 8d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FAFEFB1BC627FB5A" box="[1345,1375,1252,1276]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFF3FFE0FAFEFB1BC627FB5A" box="[1345,1375,1252,1276]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lumina are irregular in shape and up to about 0.8 µm in diameter. Tiny, spherical orbicules, about 0.5 µm in diameter, which are ornamented by fine verrucae-spinules, are present on the surface of some pollen grains (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FB58FA9AC612FADB" box="[1255,1386,1381,1405]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 8f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pollen morphology and ultrastructure was described in detail for specimen P0341 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFF3FFE0FBB4FA59C798FA18" author="Tekleva, M. & Mendes, M. M. & Kvacek, J. & Endress, P. K. & Doyle, J. A." box="[1035,1248,1446,1470]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" pagination="817 - 832" refId="ref60559" refString="Tekleva, M., Mendes, M. M., Kvacek, J., Endress, P. K., Doyle, J. A. (2021): Morphology, ultrastructure, and evolutionary significance of pollen in a chloranthaceous staminate structure from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 182: 817 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 716778" type="journal article" year="2021">Tekleva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which we designate here as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFF3FFE0FC7CFA39C758FA78" box="[963,1056,1478,1502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FBFBFA38C600FA78" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[1092,1400,1478,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FBFBFA38C600FA78" box="[1092,1400,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF3FFE0FCCEFA09C606F795" blockId="14.[843,1482,1525,2099]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Affinity and other occurrences. For comments on the relationships to extant chloranthoids see discussion of the new genus above. A phylogenetic analysis was performed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFF3FFE0FB33F9A9C607F9C9" author="Tekleva, M. & Mendes, M. M. & Kvacek, J. & Endress, P. K. & Doyle, J. A." box="[1164,1407,1622,1647]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" pagination="817 - 832" refId="ref60559" refString="Tekleva, M., Mendes, M. M., Kvacek, J., Endress, P. K., Doyle, J. A. (2021): Morphology, ultrastructure, and evolutionary significance of pollen in a chloranthaceous staminate structure from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 182: 817 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 716778" type="journal article" year="2021">Tekleva et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on specimen P0341, which suggested that “despite some uncertainty … phylogenetic analyses are most consistent with a position attached to the stem lineage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FA8CF948C6CFF969" box="[1331,1463,1719,1743]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyosmum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FA8CF948C6CFF969" box="[1331,1463,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Hedyosmum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” This conclusion may be correct, but because other relevant specimens were not considered, the full significance of the material requires further analysis. In specimen P0341 the bracts are not obvious and the stamens appear to be borne singly. The flowers were therefore interpreted as ebracteate and unistaminate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFF3FFE0FBB1F885C7A7F834" author="Tekleva, M. & Mendes, M. M. & Kvacek, J. & Endress, P. K. & Doyle, J. A." box="[1038,1247,1914,1938]" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" pagination="817 - 832" refId="ref60559" refString="Tekleva, M., Mendes, M. M., Kvacek, J., Endress, P. K., Doyle, J. A. (2021): Morphology, ultrastructure, and evolutionary significance of pollen in a chloranthaceous staminate structure from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 182: 817 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 716778" type="journal article" year="2021">Tekleva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in another specimen bracts are clearly present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FB59F865C612F814" box="[1254,1386,1946,1970]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-fig. 9a</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in several inflorescence fragments stamens appear to occur in pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FC34F824C777F855" box="[907,1039,2011,2035]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[122,1443,148,1888]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Text-figs 8b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFF3FFE0FBA6F824C74EF855" box="[1049,1078,2011,2035]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[125,203,1944,1965]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-2@17.[122,1443,148,1931]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522819/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">9a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Together with the trichotomocolpate pollen, these points of similarity with extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FAA0F804C607F7B4" box="[1311,1407,2043,2066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Ascarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FAA0F804C607F7B4" box="[1311,1407,2043,2066]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Ascarina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rather than with extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF3FFE0FC42F7E4C7F9F795" box="[1021,1153,2075,2099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyosmum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="355" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF3FFE0FC42F7E4C7F9F795" box="[1021,1153,2075,2099]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="355">Hedyosmum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, need to be considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B666CFFF2FFE1FFC2F891C6D8F795" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522817/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="356" startId="15.[125,203,1902,1923]" targetBox="[125,1440,151,1885]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFF2FFE1FFC2F891C6D8F795" blockId="15.[125,1441,1902,2099]" pageId="15" pageNumber="356">
|
||
Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFF2FFE1FBFAF891C621F825" authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček, 2022" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[1093,1369,1902,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="15" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFF2FFE1FBFAF891C621F825" bold="true" box="[1093,1369,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="356">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213578DFFF2FFE1FAE0F891C3B1F806" pageId="15" pageNumber="356" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFEDFFFEFF19FF68C1F2FE55" blockId="16.[129,768,151,823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">
|
||
Densely crowded stamens very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFF3EFF46C2C7FF76" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[129,447,184,208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFF3EFF46C2C7FF76" box="[129,447,184,208]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also with similar in situ trichotomocolpate pollen, have been described from the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFEDFFFEFD98FF06C184FEB7" author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[551,764,249,273]" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" pagination="153 - 257" refId="ref55433" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2019 a): The Early Cretaceous mesofossil flora of Torres Vedras (NE of Forte da Forca), Portugal: a palaeofloristic analysis of an early angiosperm community. - Fossil Imprint, 75: 153 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2019 - 0013" type="journal article" year="2019">Friis et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 21). The two taxa are clearly closely related, but stamens of the Torres Vedras specimens are larger and more crowded and also have larger pollen grains (about 18–22 µm in diameter compared to 12.5–16 µm in diameter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFF1EFE64C2A2FE15" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[161,474,411,435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFF1EFE64C2A2FE15" box="[161,474,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Whether the stamens in the Torres Vedras specimens are in pairs, and whether the flowers were bracteate or ebracteate is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFEDFFFEFF19FE03C132FC91" blockId="16.[129,768,151,823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">
|
||
In the Catefica palynoflora similar trichotomocolpate pollen grains are rare, but have been reported from coastal exposures in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFEDFFFEFEABFDC2C216FDF3" box="[276,366,573,597]" name="Portugal" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
that are of Early Cretaceous age as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFF3EFDA2C2E9FDD3" box="[129,401,605,629]" genus="Asteropollis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asteroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFF3EFDA2C279FDD3" box="[129,257,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Asteropollis</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFE9BFDA2C2E9FDD3" box="[292,401,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">asteroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFE23FDA2C128FDD3" box="[412,592,605,629]" genus="Asteropollis" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFE23FDA2C164FDD3" box="[412,540,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Asteropollis</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFDC0FDA2C3C2FD30" genus="Asteropollis" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFDC0FDA2C187FDD3" box="[639,767,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Asteropollis</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 4
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFEDFFFEFF6FFD82C2AFFD30" author="Heimhofer, U. & Hochuli, P. A. & Burla, S. & Weissert, H." box="[208,471,637,662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" pagination="39 - 76" refId="ref57760" refString="Heimhofer, U., Hochuli, P. A., Burla, S., Weissert, H. (2007): New records of Early Cretaceous angiosperm pollen from Portuguese coastal deposits: Implications for the timing of the early angiosperm radiation. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 144: 39 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2005.09.006" type="journal article" year="2007">Heimhofer et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These trichotomocolpate grains are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFE0DFD60C19DFD10" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[434,741,670,694]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFE0DFD60C19DFD10" box="[434,741,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general morphology, but are larger. The specimen illustrated and assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFE88FD20C2CFFD51" box="[311,439,735,759]" genus="Asteropollis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFE88FD20C2CFFD51" box="[311,439,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Asteropollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEDFFFEFE5DFD20C078FD51" box="[482,768,735,759]" genus="Asteropollis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asteroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFE5DFD20C11AFD51" box="[482,610,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">Asteropollis</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEDFFFEFD2CFD20C078FD51" box="[659,768,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="357">asteroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFEDFFFEFF38FD00C2F6FCB1" author="Heimhofer, U. & Hochuli, P. A. & Burla, S. & Weissert, H." box="[135,398,767,791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="357" pagination="39 - 76" refId="ref57760" refString="Heimhofer, U., Hochuli, P. A., Burla, S., Weissert, H. (2007): New records of Early Cretaceous angiosperm pollen from Portuguese coastal deposits: Implications for the timing of the early angiosperm radiation. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 144: 39 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2005.09.006" type="journal article" year="2007">Heimhofer et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. III, figs 1, 2) differs more significantly in being tetrachotomocolpate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |