314 lines
32 KiB
XML
314 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" approvalRequired="15" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="15" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFE0FFCEFC33FB54C14BF817" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.3:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ibericarpus E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="373" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="370" updateTime="1673637970809" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kvaček, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>341</mods:start>
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<mods:end>424</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7522801</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFE0FFCEFC33FB54C14BF817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFE0FFCEFC33FB54C14BF817" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="370" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[855,1424,1195,1251]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">
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<heading centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="370" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[908,981,1195,1219]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">Genus</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">
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<taxonomicName authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="29" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1114,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">Ibericarpus</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1324,1424,1227,1251]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="370" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[820,1459,1275,1331]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">
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T y p e.
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<taxonomicName authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="29" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[949,1210,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1265,1425,1307,1331]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="370" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[820,1459,1354,1410]" box="[858,1459,1354,1379]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[820,1459,1354,1410]" box="[820,1145,1386,1410]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">PFN0002790 (for new genus).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="370" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[820,1459,1434,1490]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">E t y m o l o g y. From the Iberian Peninsula where the fossil was collected.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="370" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[820,1460,1513,1763]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">G e n e r i c d i a g n o s i s. Pistillate structure with numerous, densely spaced carpels borne in a spiral arrangement along a slender axis, with no remains of perianth parts or stamens. Carpels obconical to pyriform, sessile, uniovulate. Style lacking, stigmatic region slightly bulging. Fruit indehiscent. Epidermal cells of fruit with isodiametric facets. Ovule/seed obovate with micropyle pointing towards the base of the carpel. Embryo tiny. Seed coat unspecialized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="29" pageNumber="370" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[820,1460,1786,2100]" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">C o m m e n t s o n t h e g e n u s. There are no scars from bracts, perianth parts or stamens on the axis below the carpels, and there are no traces of a perianth or stamens associated with the individual carpels. The structure of the carpel is uncertain, but its shape and the lack of an obvious suture suggests that it is ascidiate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[820,1460,1786,2100]" lastBlockId="31.[820,1459,1967,2087]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">
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Interpreting the floral structure is not straightforward. One possibility is that the carpel-bearing axis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="29" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="370">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a simple, unbranched inflorescence bearing numerous ebracteate pistillate flowers, each consisting of only a single carpel. Under this interpretation,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="371">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows some similarity to floral structures of
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<taxonomicName box="[129,298,2040,2064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chloranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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. Flowers of
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<taxonomicName box="[448,614,2040,2064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chloranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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have simple, typically naked flowers, that are borne in elongated inflorescences and the carpels are ascidiate and uniovulate without a style. Among extant
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<taxonomicName box="[1171,1340,2008,2032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chloranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1350,1482,2008,2032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyosmum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1350,1482,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="371">Hedyosmum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker and Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[896,992,2040,2063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Ascarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[896,992,2040,2063]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="371">Ascarina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also have unisexual flowers. However, in extant
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<taxonomicName box="[914,1080,2072,2096]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chloranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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the flowers are typically in the axil of a distinct bract and only the staminate flowers of
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<taxonomicName box="[613,745,1967,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyosmum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="31" pageNumber="372" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[613,745,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="372">Hedyosmum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are ebracteate. Because no bracts are present associated with the individual carpels in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[438,697,2031,2056]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="31" pageNumber="372" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
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<emphasis box="[438,697,2031,2056]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="372">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, we regard the inflorescence interpretation as unlikely. This conclusion is also supported by the unspecialized seed coat of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[853,977,1999,2023]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="31" pageNumber="372" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[853,977,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="372">Ibericarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In all chloranthoid seeds so far described from the Cretaceous, the seed coat is endotestal with crystalliferous endotestal cells.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522841/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="371" startId="30.[147,228,1590,1611]" targetBox="[149,1462,151,1574]" targetPageId="30">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[147,1463,1590,1905]" pageId="30" pageNumber="371">
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Text-fig. 19. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a–c) of
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1012,1234,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="371">Aristospermum huberi</emphasis>
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and scanning electron microscope (SEM, d, e) images of
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[489,748,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="371">Choffaticarpus compactus</emphasis>
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; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of strongly flattened, triangular seed with pointed micropylar region; note thin-walled cells of outer integument preserved along the margins of the seed and pitted surface of the crystalliferous inner cells of outer integument where the outer cells are abraded and the narrow, lateral funicle/raphe; b) Volume rendering of seed showing surface of inner integument (endotesta) with cells showing clear imprints of crystals (arrows); c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0241) of seed showing crystalliferous cells of endotesta (white arrows) and the two fiber layers of the tegmen that are perpendicular to each other (inner integument, ii-f, black arrows); d) Fragment of multiparted, apocarpous fruiting structure showing several helically-arranged, laterally flattened, fruitlets; e) Fruitlet in lateral view showing the prominent ventral face with its lateral groove, short attachment scar, and sunken regions of the fruit wall that indicate the probable presence of oil cells. Specimens, Catefica 49-S266049 (a–c), Catefica 49-S172558 (d), Catefica 49-S118675 (e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c–e), 100 Μm (b).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522843/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="372" startId="31.[125,206,1641,1662]" targetBox="[125,1440,151,1625]" targetPageId="31">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[125,1440,1641,1896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="372">
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Text-fig. 20. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, b–h) images of fruits of
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<taxonomicName box="[317,491,1670,1691]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Appomattoxia" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="31" pageNumber="372" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[317,456,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="372">Appomattoxia</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(a–d) and anther and pollen of
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<taxonomicName box="[816,983,1670,1691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Goczania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="31" pageNumber="372" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,983,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="372">Goczania rugosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e–h); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Surface rendering of fruit in lateral view showing densely spaced hairs, some with delicate coiled tips; b) Fruit in lateral view showing short, densely spaced hairs and apical stigmatic region; c, d) Detail of fruit surface and hairs from fruit in (b); e) Fragmentary anther showing four pollen sacs; f) Proximal view of pollen grains from an abraded anther showing microechinate surface of pollen wall and clusters of small, spiny orbicules; g, h) Proximal (g) and distal (h) views of pollen grains from an isolated pollen sac, showing short colpus (h), tectate pollen wall and microechinate surface ornamentation. Specimens, Catefica 49-S174913 (a), Catefica 49-S107794 (b–d), Catefica 50-S170391 (e), Catefica 49-S170138 (f), Catefica 49-S170143 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, e), 100 Μm (c), 50 Μm (d), 6 Μm (f–h).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="32.[128,768,151,1969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">
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An alternative interpretation of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[520,644,151,175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[520,644,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is that the fruiting structure is derived from a pistillate, perhaps naked, flower with an apocarpous gynoecium of numerous free carpels. Among extant angiosperms, taxa with an apocarpous gynoecium of many carpels arranged spirally along a long, slender floral axis occur in
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<taxonomicName box="[479,571,315,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Kadsura" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[479,571,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Kadsura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[647,767,315,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Schisandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[647,767,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Schisandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[136,305,347,371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Schisandraceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="TAKHT. ex REVEAL" authorityYear="1992" box="[339,523,347,371]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Austrobaileyales</taxonomicName>
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), in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[618,768,347,371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[136,273,380,404]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Magnoliales</taxonomicName>
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), and also in
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<taxonomicName authority="F. M. BAILEY" authorityName="F. M. BAILEY" box="[480,767,380,404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Himantandraceae" genus="Galbulimima" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[480,621,380,404]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Galbulimima</emphasis>
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F.M.BAILEY
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[136,327,412,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Himantandraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Himantandraceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[337,474,412,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Magnoliales</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[128,768,151,1969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">
|
||
Flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[301,451,445,469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being bisexual, and typically with well developed, often leathery, perianth parts that leave distinct scars after flowering. The carpels also have a distinct style, and each contains two or more ovules. Flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[128,269,608,632]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Himantandraceae" genus="Galbulimima" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,269,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Galbulimima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[531,677,608,632]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,540,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[551,677,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being bisexual, but they are more like the fossils in being naked and in having uniovulate carpels that lack a style. Fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[160,301,706,730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Himantandraceae" genus="Galbulimima" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,301,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Galbulimima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are drupes, while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[601,725,706,730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[601,725,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are nuts or one-seeded berries. Carpels in both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[618,768,739,763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,366,771,795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Himantandraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Himantandraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are plicate or intermediate plicateascidiate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[128,768,151,1969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">
|
||
If the carpels of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[357,618,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[357,618,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are correctly interpreted as ascidiate then in this feature they are more similar to the carpels of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="TAKHT. ex REVEAL" authorityYear="1992" box="[370,553,902,926]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Austrobaileyales</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[675,767,902,926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Kadsura" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[675,767,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Kadsura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,299,934,958]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Schisandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,299,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Schisandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[473,735,934,958]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[473,735,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their unisexual organization as well as having carpels that lack a style, but flowers of both extant genera have a distinct perianth and also have one to several ovules per carpel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[128,768,151,1969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">
|
||
Against this background, while we think that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely an elongated receptacle bearing numerous fruitlets, and while a relationship to extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="TAKHT. ex REVEAL" authorityYear="1992" box="[128,307,1162,1186]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Austrobaileyales</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems the most likely possibility,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[752,761,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,254,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be included securely in any extant angiosperm family or order.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[128,768,151,1969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">
|
||
Among the fossil floral structures that have a multicarpellate and apocarpous gynoecium, species of
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,279,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Atlantocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN from the Early Cretaceous floras of Puddledock,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[605,695,1358,1382]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[707,763,1358,1382]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and also Buarcos and Vale de Água,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[544,634,1391,1415]" name="Portugal" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." pageId="32" pageNumber="373" pagination="279 - 296" refId="ref55750" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2020 a): Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal. - Fossil Imprint, 76: 279 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2020.023" type="journal article" year="2020">Friis et al. 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are the most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[476,600,1423,1447]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[476,600,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,767,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Atlantocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
has a very long receptacle and apparently ascidiate carpels that are uniovulate and lack a style. However, fossils of
|
||
<emphasis box="[129,280,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Atlantocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
have distinct remains of floral organs below the carpels and the receptacle is obconical, rather than slender and stalk-like as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[420,544,1586,1610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[420,544,1586,1610]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[128,768,151,1969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">
|
||
Floral structures of
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,652,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Choffaticarpus compactus</emphasis>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN first described from the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[395,583,1684,1708]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" pagination="153 - 257" refId="ref55433" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2019 a): The Early Cretaceous mesofossil flora of Torres Vedras (NE of Forte da Forca), Portugal: a palaeofloristic analysis of an early angiosperm community. - Fossil Imprint, 75: 153 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / if- 2019 - 0013" type="journal article" year="2019">Friis et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="1997" box="[649,756,1685,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Anacostia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[649,756,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Anacostia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? sp. from the Puddledock flora of eastern North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[136,321,1750,1774]" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" pagination="279 - 296" refId="ref55750" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2020 a): Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal. - Fossil Imprint, 76: 279 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2020.023" type="journal article" year="2020">Friis et al. 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[536,660,1750,1774]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[536,660,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Ibericarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having tightly packed carpels spirally arranged along an elongated receptacle. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="1997" box="[383,490,1815,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Anacostia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[383,490,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Anacostia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? sp. differs in having a distinct joint between pedicel and flower with remains of other floral parts below the carpels and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="373">Choffaticarpus compactus</emphasis>
|
||
differs having strongly compressed carpels with a distinct ventral depression (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |