266 lines
54 KiB
XML
266 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="5C2468F447C82DA4366E7B633BF79D2E" ID-CLB-Dataset="224103" ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a360f5c7-16da-4c69-afbe-01e6ad032418" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Elasmostemon paisii E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="376" updateTime="1728604091448" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="8F29D89EEF4EB19759E31B651FB3095D">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="75C029ED5C4CBF893D4499AB5A16B4DB">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="78BA550B33FCA02698769CDD3143C1A9">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65B8775DC9B3B384B72D9E7F96D50C2E">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC62159863126C8FE049C232ADE9C4B2">Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21866D4084FF8017591684C9B52B450C">Kvaček, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4B3A0B1BA19060D53191006961EC034A">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FAB34BB0EB19AFE78C05E87A0F2D7C8C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A5FF26B1A702887C59A5459F2C32215B">2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7535275" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208830466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7535275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCDFF08FAA1C1C6FA30" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF08FAA1C1C6FA30" blockId="35.[148,702,1374,1430]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<heading id="D0A38188FFDEFFCDFF08FAA1C1C6FA30" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFDEFFCDFF08FAA1C11AFA30" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calycanthaceae" genus="Elasmostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paisii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFDEFFCDFF08FAA1C2E3FAD0" bold="true" box="[183,411,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Elasmostemon paisii</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213578DFFDEFFCDFDD6FA81C1C6FA30" box="[617,702,1406,1430]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCDFE8FFA61C15BFA10" box="[304,547,1438,1462]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFE8FFA61C15BFA10" blockId="35.[304,547,1438,1462]" box="[304,547,1438,1462]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFE8FFA61C2A0FA10" box="[304,472,1438,1462]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-figs 25a–h</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFE5CFA61C15BFA10" box="[483,547,1438,1462]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">26a–c</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCDFF2FFA31C266F9A3" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF2FFA31C266F9A3" blockId="35.[106,745,1485,1541]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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Holotype. S105281 (Catefica sample 151; figured
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFFD5FA12C26AF9A3" box="[106,274,1517,1541]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-fig. 25d–h</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCDFF2FF9E2C215F955" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF2FF9E2C191F992" blockId="35.[106,745,1564,1620]" box="[144,745,1564,1589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Plant Fossil Names Registry Number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFFD5F9C3C2C8F9F2" blockId="35.[106,745,1564,1620]" box="[106,432,1596,1620]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">PFN002793 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF2FF993C191F922" blockId="35.[144,745,1643,1668]" box="[144,745,1643,1668]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Paratypes. S115859, S172560 (Catefica sample 49).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF2FF964C215F955" blockId="35.[106,745,1690,1779]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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Repository. Palaeobotanical Collections, Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History,
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<collectingRegion id="4990F806FFDEFFCDFFD5F925C398F954" box="[106,224,1754,1778]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFDEFFCDFF54F925C247F954" box="[235,319,1754,1778]" name="Sweden" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(S).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCDFF2FF8F5C391F8C4" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF2FF8F5C391F8C4" blockId="35.[106,745,1802,1890]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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Etymology. In honor of Professor João Pais (1949 – 2016) for his contribution to the palaeobotany and geology of
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFDEFFCDFF38F8B5C39DF8C4" box="[135,229,1866,1890]" name="Portugal" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCDFF2FF886C16DF786" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF2FF886C2B0F877" blockId="35.[106,744,1911,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CB9FFDEFFCDFF2FF886C2BCF877" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4013209301" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" location="Catefica" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" specimenCount="1">
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Type locality. Catefica (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE605023FFDEFFCDFE00F886C131F836" box="[447,585,1911,1937]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" precision="15" seconds="30" value="39.058334">39° 03ʹ30ʺ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE605023FFDEFFCDFDEEF888C1A4F837" box="[593,732,1911,1937]" degrees="09" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-9.241667">09°14ʹ 30ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
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), between the villages of
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<location id="8E8B603FFFDEFFCDFED7F866C2C7F817" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8:8E8B603FFFDEFFCDFED7F866C2C7F817" box="[360,447,1945,1969]" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" name="Catefica" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Catefica</location>
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and
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC9EFFDEFFCDFE4CF866C11DF817" box="[499,613,1945,1969]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Mugideira</collectingMunicipality>
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, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFDEFFCDFD0DF866C190F817" box="[690,744,1945,1969]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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south of
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<collectingCounty id="628A4E68FFDEFFCDFF78F846C224F877" box="[199,348,1977,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Torres Vedras</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFDEFFCDFED9F846C2BCF877" box="[358,452,1977,2001]" name="Portugal" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFF2FF817C16DF786" blockId="35.[106,745,2024,2080]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Type stratum and age. Almargem Formation, Early Cretaceous (Aptian-early Albian).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCDFCE5FAA0C78FFA60" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFCE5FAA0C647FAD1" blockId="35.[858,1343,1374,1399]" box="[858,1343,1374,1399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Specific diagnosis.As for the genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFCE5FA71C78FFA60" blockId="35.[820,1458,1422,1478]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
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Dimensions. Stamen fragments
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long (full length unknown);
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<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFDEFFCDFB93FA52C7D4FA63" box="[1068,1196,1453,1477]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
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broad.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFDEFFCBFCE5FA22C1A9F838" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCDFCE5FA22C78CF893" blockId="35.[820,1460,1501,2069]" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
|
||
Description and remarks. The material comprises two small stamen fragments (S105281 and S115859) that are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFDEFFCDFBEAF9E2C7A3F992" box="[1109,1243,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFDEFFCDFAE5F9E2C6CAF992" box="[1370,1458,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFC3DF9C2C757F9F3" box="[898,1071,1597,1621]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-fig. 25a, d</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a larger fragment (S172560), about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFDEFFCDFCC3F9A2C0AAF9D2" box="[892,978,1629,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFDEFFCDFBADF9A2C711F9D2" box="[1042,1129,1629,1653]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFB7AF9A2C60BF9D3" box="[1221,1395,1629,1653]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-fig. 26a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The three fragments preserve different parts of the stamen, and apparently also slightly different developmental stages. They are treated here as a single species based on the stamen shape, the orientation and positioning of the narrow pollen sacs, and the shared in situ monocolpate, semitectatereticulate pollen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFC51F8E2C7E1F893" box="[1006,1177,1821,1845]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-figs 25a–h</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFB1BF8E2C790F893" box="[1188,1256,1821,1845]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">26a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFDEFFCAFCE5F8C2C776F891" blockId="35.[820,1460,1501,2069]" lastBlockId="36.[843,1482,1727,2072]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">
|
||
The stamens are broad, tetrasporangiate and dithecate, and abaxially-adaxially flattened. The stamen apex, preserved in specimens S115859 and S172560, is rounded without an apical extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFBDCF862C78BF813" box="[1123,1267,1949,1973]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">Text-figs 25a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFDEFFCDFB43F862C65FF813" box="[1276,1319,1949,1973]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="376">26a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stamen base is not preserved in any of the specimens and the full length of the stamen is unknown. In specimen S115859 the marginal tissue appears to be abraded. The pollen sacs are arranged in two pairs on one surface of the stamen close to the stamen margins. It is unknown whether the pollen sacs are on the abaxial or adaxial stamen surface. The two pairs of pollen sacs are separated from each other by a broad zone of connective tissue but are oriented such that they converge and meet near the stamen apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD9FFCAFE14F8A0C12BF8D1" box="[427,595,1887,1911]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Text-fig. 25a, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dehiscence of the pollen sacs is longitudinal. In the two smaller fragments the thecae are not open, while in the larger specimen the thecae are dehisced with their walls curved back (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD9FFCAFD1CF840C3D3F851" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Text-fig. 26a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larger cells, interpreted as ethereal oil cells, are closely spaced in the staminal tissue and particularly well-preserved in specimen S115859 as shallow depressions surrounded by several cells that produce rounded swellings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD9FFCAFA87F920C023F8B1" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Text-fig. 25a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the other
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD6DFFD9FFCAFC46F8FFC7E1F8B1" box="[1017,1177,1791,1815]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
these cells are obscured by poor preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B666CFFD9FFCAFF2AFA4CC70BF9DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522847/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" startId="36.[149,230,1459,1480]" targetBox="[148,1462,151,1443]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD9FFCAFF2AFA4CC70BF9DE" blockId="36.[149,1462,1459,1656]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD9FFCAFF45FA2EC290FA40" authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček, 2022" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,488,1489,1510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD9FFCAFF45FA2EC290FA40" bold="true" box="[250,488,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213578DFFD9FFCAFE52FA2EC1FCFA40" box="[493,644,1489,1510]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting axis bearing an elongated receptacle with numerous diamond-shaped scars from detached fruitlets; note the absence of scars from bracts, tepals or stamens at the transition to the fruitlet scars and the stalk (arrow); b) Group of ten fruitlets detached from fruiting axis in (a) showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells; c) Detached fruitlet showing apical stigmatic region; d) Volume rendering of three adhering fruits showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells. Specimens, Catefica MM75-P0477 (a, b), Catefica 49-S115852 (c), Catefica 50-S174907 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD9FFCBFCCEF8BFC2EDF9D8" blockId="36.[843,1482,1727,2072]" lastBlockId="37.[106,745,1318,1950]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Mature pollen grains are exposed by fractures in the undehisced, smaller specimens. In the larger, dehisced specimen most of the pollen had been shed, but a group of grains, perhaps immature, remained attached to the inside of the anther wall. Pollen grains of specimen S115859 were described and figured earlier as Pollen
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFD9FFCAFABAF81FC64BF85E" box="[1285,1331,2016,2040]" pageId="36" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
D.8 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFD9FFCAFAC6F820C0DFF7BE" author="Friis, E. M. & Pedersen, K. R. & Crane, P. R." pageId="36" pageNumber="377" pagination="259 - 296" refId="ref56749" refString="Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R., Crane, P. R. (1999): Early angiosperm diversification: the diversity of pollen associated with angiosperm reproductive structures in Early Cretaceous floras. - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 86: 259 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2666179" type="journal article" year="1999">Friis et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Grains from specimen S105281 are very similar but folded, which obscures the apertures. The pollen is circular in equatorial view, about 15–17 µm in diameter, and monocolpate. The exine is semitectate-reticulate with a heterobrochate, loosely attached reticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD8FFCBFDE8FA79C3EDFA18" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25c, e–h</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aperture is long, reaches to the equator, and has distinct margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD8FFCBFE8EFA39C2BDFA78" box="[305,453,1478,1502]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lumina are rounded to angular, with larger lumina up to about 1.6 µm in diameter and smaller lumina about 0.2–0.5 µm in diameter. Muri are narrow, about 0.2 µm wide, with a flattened profile and smooth surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD8FFCBFEA4F9B9C2D3F9F8" box="[283,427,1606,1630]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Columellae are short, about 0.2 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD8FFCBFF45F999C2F1F9D8" box="[250,393,1638,1662]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-138@41.[122,1443,148,1555]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 25h</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B666CFFD8FFCBFFC3FC02C075FB79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522849/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" startId="37.[124,205,1021,1042]" targetBox="[126,1440,151,1005]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD8FFCBFFC3FC02C075FB79" blockId="37.[124,1440,1021,1247]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
Text-fig. 23. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD8FFCBFBB6FC02C781FBB4" authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček, 2022" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[1033,1273,1021,1042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Ibericarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneiformis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD8FFCBFBB6FC02C781FBB4" bold="true" box="[1033,1273,1021,1042]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Ibericarpus cuneiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213578DFFD8FFCBFABFFC02C6E3FBB4" box="[1280,1435,1021,1042]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0827) showing fruitlet with apical stigmatic region and a single seed enclosed within the fruitlet wall that has a thick epidermal cuticle; note the tiny embryo (emb) internal to the micropyle (mi) and oriented toward the base of the fruitlet; b) Transverse section through apical part of two fruitlets (orthoslice xy0810) showing the fruitlet wall (fr) composed of small thin-walled cells covered by an epidermis of isodiametric cells (ep) with a thick outer cuticle (cu); c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0370) through basal part of fruitlet perpendicular to section in (a) showing the micropyle (mi), embryo (emb) composed of tiny cells, and the thick cuticle (cu) covering the bulging cells of the fruitlet epidermis. Specimen, Catefica 50-S174907 (a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD8FFCBFF30F979C1A9F838" blockId="37.[106,745,1318,1950]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
Pollen grains in S172560 vary markedly in size and may be immature but are also partly obscured by residual organic material. They show a gradation, from grains that are almost smooth, to grains with a very weakly developed reticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD8FFCBFFCEF8F9C266F8B9" box="[113,286,1798,1823]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="43.[125,206,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-2@43.[122,1443,148,1917]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522855/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 26b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pollen grains in specimen S172560 are also smaller than in the two other specimens, about 12 µm in diameter, and in some grains the reticulum is denser. The inner surface of the anther wall in the dehisced specimen is finely granular, probably reflecting the presence of tiny orbicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD8FFCBFF30F849C744F9F8" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD8FFCBFF30F849C744F9F8" blockId="37.[106,745,1974,2094]" lastBlockId="37.[820,1459,1318,1630]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
Affinity and other occurrences.
|
||
<location id="8E8B603FFFD8FFCBFD28F849C1CFF86B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8:8E8B603FFFD8FFCBFD28F849C1CFF86B" box="[663,695,1974,1997]" country="Portugal" municipality="The" name="For" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">For</location>
|
||
the possible systematic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD8FFCBFDBAF829C190F84B" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[517,744,2006,2030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calycanthaceae" genus="Elasmostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paisii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD8FFCBFDBAF829C190F84B" box="[517,744,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Elasmostemon paisii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see comments on the genus above.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC9EFFD8FFCBFE67F809C179F7A8" box="[472,513,2038,2062]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
stamen fragments are closely similar to the specimen described below as “Laminar stamen with monocolpate reticulate pollen”.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15332FFD8FFCBFA9EFAD8C6FCFA98" box="[1313,1412,1319,1342]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">However</collectorName>
|
||
, the pollen in the two stamen
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFD8FFCBFBF5FAB8C7FAFAF9" box="[1098,1154,1351,1375]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">types</typeStatus>
|
||
differ in the details of their wall structure.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15332FFD8FFCBFC67FA99C75FFAD8" box="[984,1063,1382,1406]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Similar</collectorName>
|
||
stamens have not been encountered in other mesofossil floras from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFD8FFCBFB05FA79C660FA38" box="[1210,1304,1414,1438]" name="Portugal" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD8FFCBFA92FA79C6CAFA38" box="[1325,1458,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15332FFD8FFCBFA92FA79C6CAFA38" box="[1325,1458,1414,1438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Melloniflora</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CB9FFD8FFCBFC6FFA58C741F9F8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4013209306" collectionCode="CRANE, K, R" country="United States of America" location="Early Cretaceous Puddledock" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFD8FFCBFC6FFA58C760FA1B" box="[976,1048,1447,1471]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">CRANE</collectionCode>
|
||
et
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFD8FFCBFB88FA58C735FA18" box="[1079,1101,1447,1470]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFD8FFCBFBEEFA58C71BFA18" box="[1105,1123,1447,1470]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.PEDERSEN, and several different isolated stamens from the
|
||
<location id="8E8B603FFFD8FFCBFBD6FA39C6CBFA78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFDEFFCBFF08FAA1C744F9F8:8E8B603FFFD8FFCBFBD6FA39C6CBFA78" box="[1129,1459,1478,1503]" country="United States of America" name="Early Cretaceous Puddledock" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Virginia">Early Cretaceous Puddledock</location>
|
||
flora of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F806FFD8FFCBFC34FA19C09DFA58" box="[907,997,1510,1534]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFD8FFCBFC4FFA18C750FA59" box="[1008,1064,1511,1535]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="378">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, have pollen sacs that are embedded in the staminal tissue in a non-marginal position, but they differ in their larger size and their more elongate, scale-like form (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFD8FFCBFCC9F9B9C749F9F8" author="Friis, E. M. & Crane, P. R. & Pedersen, K. R." box="[886,1073,1606,1630]" pageId="37" pageNumber="378" pagination="887 - 897" refId="ref55812" refString="Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R. (2020 b): Melloniflora, a new extinct multiparted flower from the Early Cretaceous of Virginia. - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 181: 887 - 897. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 710490" type="journal article" year="2020">Friis et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |