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<document id="8E9DC7BC9DDF352059F10DE4BDA4512C" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930210155701" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629979948711" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cantero, A. L. Peña &amp; Vervoort, W." docDate="2003" docId="03FD87E371600925FD87FF12FB4DBA3A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.37.22.2653-2722.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 37 (22)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930210155701" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Staurotheca dichotoma Allman 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="2683" masterDocId="FFC4FF9B717D093AFFC2FFA7FFCEBE30" masterDocTitle="Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="2722" masterPageNumber="2653" pageNumber="2681" updateTime="1699133067467" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="32D4D3C2786C8F709A145EBCC534D32B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0165A03331B1CF4C49E94E865CE868BC">
<mods:title id="18468B3BE91FB6D5F7C72466AC28E5B6">Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EBFDE54E591B5B6C0A9498F818265158" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="316EF2BE9481FDFA3877DE8998EC775A">Cantero, A. L. Peña</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="911A6CD9C211C374C002E2327EF1BB56">Vervoort, W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6B66909F20B7807033EF2E88CC18D30E">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="28ACF14A2A9684F4C8EA9925DD490013">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="300763C069DAC230FEAF41DA391A2332">2003-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1FCB9F4D4F8081BABAF3B115C0A5AD8C">37</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6B5C27CD1279EE18F7443901324B06E8">22</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FD481F8E717F3875364CEB384FF5BC98">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E80F82E3B9CA022325C20A3A33CD0038" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD87E371600925FD87FF12FB4DBA3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E371600925FD87FF12FB4DBA3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E371600925FD87FF12FB4DBA3A" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="2683" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<subSubSection id="C34E657E71600927FD87FF12FC84BEDD" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FD87FF12FC26BEFD" blockId="29.[581,1000,181,205]" box="[581,1000,181,205]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<heading id="D0A3819971600927FD87FF12FC26BEFD" box="[581,1000,181,205]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FD87FF12FC26BEFD" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[581,1000,181,205]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FD87FF12FC8BBEFD" bold="true" box="[581,837,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
Allman, 1888
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FD20FF72FC84BEDD" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" box="[738,842,213,237]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">(figure 7)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E71600927FEFBFF50FCADBF9C" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEFBFF50FCADBF9C" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FEFBFF50FD10BF3D" authority="Allman, 1888: 76" authorityName="Allman" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1888" box="[313,734,247,269]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEFBFF50FDEFBF3C" box="[313,545,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
Allman, 1888: 76
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 36 figure 1, 1a; von Campenhausen, 1896: 104; Hartlaub, 1901: 35; 1904: 4, 16; 1905: 617; Billard, 1904: 36; 1906: 3; 1910: 27, figures 11, 12; 1914: 15, figure 9; Stechow, 1919: 82; 1923b: 152; Blanco, 1971: 62; 1992: 155, figure 2; 1994a: 160; 1994b: 196; Millard, 1977: 22; Peña Cantero, 1991: 123, pls 20, 52, pl. 63 figure d; Branch and Williams, 1993: 10, figure; Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 1994: 123, figure
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–i; 1995: 67–70, figures 29a–h, 30a–f, 63b; 1999: 212
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBACFEDBFB7CBFA1" box="[1134,1202,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">et seq.</emphasis>
; Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE7EFE30FE26BF9B" box="[444,488,406,428]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">et al</emphasis>
., 1997: 347–350, figure 3; 1999: 160.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E71600927FEFBFE16FBE0BFD0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEFBFE16FC9ABFF6" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" box="[313,852,433,455]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FEFBFE16FD76BFF6" authority="?: Billard, 1914: 17" authorityName="?: Billard" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1914" box="[313,696,433,455]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEFBFE16FE3BBFF6" box="[313,501,433,455]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Staurotheca affinis</emphasis>
?: Billard, 1914: 17
</taxonomicName>
, figures 10–12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEFBFE6CFBE0BFD0" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" box="[313,1070,459,481]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FEFBFE6CFDEEBFD0" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[313,544,459,480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEFBFE6CFDEEBFD0" box="[313,544,459,480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
p.p. Totton, 1930: 178, figure 27a–c, pl. 2 figure 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E71600927FEFBFE41FBCEBFCC" box="[313,1024,485,508]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEFBFE41FBCEBFCC" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" box="[313,1024,485,508]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FE88FE41FDB9BFCB" authority=": Naumov" authorityName="Naumov" box="[330,631,486,507]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Thuiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE88FE41FDC1BFCB" box="[330,527,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Thuiaria dichotoma</emphasis>
: Naumov
</taxonomicName>
and Stepan’yants, 1962: 91; 1972: 52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E71600927FEFBFDA7FD64BCAA" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEFBFDA7FC3BBC00" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FE8CFDA7FD36BC25" authority=": Briggs, 1938: 27" authorityName="Briggs" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1938" box="[334,760,512,534]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE8CFDA7FDF6BC25" box="[334,568,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
: Briggs, 1938: 27
</taxonomicName>
; Broch, 1948: 8; Stepan’yants, 1979: 97, pl. 18 figure 5, pl. 24 figure Zh, K, L; Blanco, 1992: 155–157, figure 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEFBFD91FDB7BC56" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FEAFFD92FCF7BC7B" authority="Jaderholm, 1905: 33" authorityName=": Jaderholm" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1905" box="[365,825,565,588]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEAFFD92FD98BC7A" box="[365,598,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
Jäderholm, 1905: 33
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 14 figures 1, 2 (=
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FBEDFD92FDA3BC56" authority="Pena Cantero et al., 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="1997" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBEDFD92FB3ABC7A" box="[1071,1268,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Staurotheca frigida</emphasis>
Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE34FDF6FDE4BC55" box="[502,554,592,614]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEFBFDCCFD64BCAA" blockId="29.[313,1269,213,667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FEA9FDCCFC5EBCB0" authority="Hickson and Gravely, 1907: 1" authorityName="Hickson and Gravely" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1907" box="[363,912,619,641]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dictyocladium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEA9FDCCFD85BCB0" box="[363,587,619,640]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Dictyocladium fuscum</emphasis>
Hickson and Gravely, 1907: 1
</taxonomicName>
, 3, 21, pl. 3 figure 22; Vanhöffen, 1910: 331; Stechow, 1923a: 108.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E71600925FEA3FD14FB4DBA3A" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="2683" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEA3FD14FDF9BA7A" blockId="29.[313,1269,690,1736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEA3FD14FDA1BCFB" box="[353,623,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Material examined. 22</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FDB5FD14FD62BCFB" box="[631,684,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">1535</emphasis>
, six fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FC57FD14FC2EBCFB" box="[917,992,691,715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FBEBFD14FBB0BCFB" box="[1065,1150,691,715]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003154);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEFBFD74FE9ABCDB" box="[313,340,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE9EFD74FE5FBCDB" box="[348,401,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">2021</emphasis>
, one fragment
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FD8AFD73FDAFBCDB" box="[584,609,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FDAEFD74FD79BCDB" box="[620,695,723,747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FCC8FD74FC91BCDB" box="[778,863,723,747]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003155);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FC26FD74FC31BCDB" box="[996,1023,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBC5FD74FBF2BCDB" box="[1031,1084,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">2080</emphasis>
, two fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FE44FD54FE1FBD3B" box="[390,465,755,779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
long (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FDE5FD54FDB2BD3B" box="[551,636,755,779]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003156);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FCC6FD54FCE2BD3A" box="[772,812,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">575</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FCF7FD54FC93BD3B" box="[821,861,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">031</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBA0FD53FBB5BD3B" box="[1122,1147,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FB45FD55FB1CBD3B" box="[1159,1234,754,779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with female gonothecae (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FD11FCB4FCE6BD1B" box="[723,808,787,811]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003157; RMNH-Coel. 30261;
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FB59FCB4FB3ABD1B" box="[1179,1268,787,811]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
2.03/262);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE77FC94FE13BD7A" box="[437,477,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">575</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE27FC94FDC3BD7B" box="[485,525,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">052</emphasis>
, one stem
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FD4EFC93FD6BBD7B" box="[652,677,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FD6CFC94FD37BD7A" box="[686,761,819,843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
high (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FC8AFC94FC53BD7B" box="[840,925,819,843]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003158);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBDCFC94FB88BD7A" box="[1054,1094,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">575</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FB8DFC94FBB9BD7B" box="[1103,1143,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">070</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE64FCF4FE71BD5A" box="[422,447,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FE04FCF4FDDFBD5A" box="[454,529,851,875]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with female gonothecae (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FC0BFCF4FBD0BD5B" box="[969,1054,851,875]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003159; RMNH- Coel. 30262);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE1EFCD5FDCABDBA" box="[476,516,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">601</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FDCEFCD4FDFABDBB" box="[524,564,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">008</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FCEAFCD4FC8FBDBA" box="[808,833,883,906]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FC8BFCD5FC5ABDBA" box="[841,916,882,906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FBF1FCD4FB46BDBB" box="[1075,1160,883,907]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003160; RMNH-Coel. 30263;
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FDF7FC34FD40BD9B" box="[565,654,915,939]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
2.03/263);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FCD7FC35FCF3BD9A" box="[789,829,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">601</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FC87FC34FCA3BD9B" box="[837,877,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">014</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBA5FC34FB4EBD9A" box="[1127,1152,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FB48FC35FB1BBD9A" box="[1162,1237,914,939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with male gonothecae (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FD0BFC15FCD0BDFA" box="[713,798,946,970]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003161; RMNH-Coel. 30264;
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FB59FC15FB3ABDFA" box="[1179,1268,946,970]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
2.03/264);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE7CFC75FE28BDDA" box="[446,486,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">601</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FE2DFC75FDD9BDDA" box="[495,535,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">065</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FCFBFC74FC9CBDDA" box="[825,850,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FCA7FC76FC61BDDA" box="[869,943,977,1002]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with female gonothecae (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FE0DFC55FDEABA3A" box="[463,548,1010,1034]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003162; RMNH-Coel. 30265;
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FC51FC55FC22BA3A" box="[915,1004,1010,1034]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
2.03/265);
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBB3FC55FB57BA3A" box="[1137,1177,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">731</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FB60FC55FB19BA3A" box="[1186,1239,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">1812</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FDCAFBB4FDEFBA1A" box="[520,545,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FDEBFBB6FDBABA19" box="[553,628,1041,1066]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with female gonothecae (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE3071600927FBF0FBB5FB49BA1A" box="[1074,1159,1042,1066]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1003163; RMNH-Coel. 30266).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEA3FBF5FB44BAB9" blockId="29.[313,1269,690,1736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEA3FBF5FE2EBA59" box="[353,480,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies monosiphonic, consisting of a mass of interwoven, anastomosing branches up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071600927FDA8FBD5FD7BBAB9" box="[618,693,1138,1162]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
in diameter; without distinct main stem.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEA3FB35FE0EBBF8" blockId="29.[313,1269,690,1736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
Hydrothecae arranged in decussate pairs (figure 7A, B), forming four longitudinal rows of hydrothecae. Hydrothecae (figure 7A–E) immersed into the branches for
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FB19FB15FB3ABAF9" box="[1243,1268,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">ca</emphasis>
one-third of their volume. Hydrotheca cylindrical in lateral view, curving slightly outwards; in frontal view slightly inflated basally. Adcauline hydrothecal wall largely adnate to internode, but with a distinct free portion; this part straight or slightly concave. Abcauline hydrothecal wall straight basally, but becoming concave distally. Hydrothecal aperture circular, large and slightly tilted downwards. Rim of hydrotheca even and frequently with renovations; diaphragm mushroom-shaped, provided with two abcauline perisarc projections pointing to the lumen of hydrotheca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEA3FA77FE6EB857" blockId="29.[313,1269,690,1736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Male and female gonothecae present, both originating at hydrothecal base. Female gonotheca urn-shaped (figure 7F), provided with a wide neck with distal, circular aperture; gonothecal wall with a few transverse striae at base of neck. Male gonotheca fusiform (figure 7G), with a short neck, distally having a small, circular aperture.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571600927FEA3F9D7FE12B8F8" blockId="29.[313,1269,690,1736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEA3F9D7FE0AB8B8" box="[353,452,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">Remarks</emphasis>
. Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FD4DF9D6FD04B8B8" box="[655,714,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">et al.</emphasis>
(1997) demonstrated that several allied species were included within
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FDF3F937FD0AB898" authorityName=": Jaderholm" authorityYear="1905" box="[561,708,1680,1704]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FDF3F937FD0AB898" box="[561,708,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. material now assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FBF2F937FB0EB898" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[1072,1216,1680,1704]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomulosa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FBF2F937FB0EB898" box="[1072,1216,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">S. glomulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671600927FEFBF917FE05B8F7" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[313,459,1712,1735]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nonscripta">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771600927FEFBF917FE05B8F7" box="[313,459,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="2681">S. nonscripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B667D71630924FEFBF992FBCAB8A9" pageId="30" pageNumber="2682" startId="30.[313,329,1589,1610]" targetBox="[316,1266,181,1562]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571630924FEFBF992FBCAB8A9" blockId="30.[313,1268,1588,1690]" pageId="30" pageNumber="2682">
F. 7.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671630924FE56F993FCD6B879" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[404,792,1588,1610]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="2682" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771630924FE56F993FDB0B879" box="[404,638,1588,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="2682">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
Allman, 1888
</taxonomicName>
. (A) Part of branch showing branching and arrangement of hydrothecae in decussate pairs; (B–E) hydrothecae; (F) female gonotheca; (G) male gonotheca. (A, B: Stn 731/1812; C–F: Stn 601/65; G: Stn 601/14.) Scale bar: 1 mm (A), 900 Mm (F), 600 Mm (G), 400 Mm (B–E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571620925FEA3FF12FCD1BEDD" blockId="31.[313,1269,181,1034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FEA3FF12FDA9BEFD" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[353,615,181,205]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FEA3FF12FDA9BEFD" box="[353,615,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely allied to
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FCA1FF12FC36BEFD" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[867,1016,181,205]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomulosa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FCA1FF12FC36BEFD" box="[867,1016,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">S. glomulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; we will discuss the differences when dealing with that species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571620925FEA3FF52FE28BC5C" blockId="31.[313,1269,181,1034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FEA3FF52FD4CBF3D" box="[353,642,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FD61FF52FC65BF3D" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[675,939,245,269]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FD61FF52FC65BF3D" box="[675,939,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been found from 82 (Totton, 1930) to
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071620925FDD8FEB2FD92BF1C" box="[538,604,277,301]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.99" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" unit="m" value="799.0">799 m</quantity>
depths (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FCB9FEB2FC77BF1D" box="[891,953,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997). Our material was collected from
<quantity id="4CAC9B1071620925FE24FE92FDA3BF7C" box="[486,621,308,333]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.545" metricValueMax="6.12" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" unit="m" value="354.5" valueMax="612.0" valueMin="97.0">97 to 612 m</quantity>
depths. The species has been taken on bottoms of mud and mud with detritus (Totton, 1930), sand (Allman, 1888), pebbles (Totton, 1930; Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 1994) and stones (Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 1994). It is used as a substratum by other hydroids (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FB97FE33FB21BF9C" box="[1109,1263,404,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FB97FE33FB71BF9C" box="[1109,1215,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Halecium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FEFBFE13FE78BFFC" box="[313,438,436,460]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FEFBFE13FE49BFFC" box="[313,391,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Lafoea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FE0BFE13FDB5BFFC" box="[457,635,436,460]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertularellidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FE0BFE13FD85BFFC" box="[457,587,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Sertularella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
). Gonothecae were recorded from October (Allman, 1888), February (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FD07FE72FCCBBFDC" box="[709,773,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997), April (Millard, 1977) and from November to February (Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 1994). In our material, fertile colonies were collected in February, May, June and December. It therefore seems to be fertile throughout the year, maybe with the exception of the winter months.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F571620925FEA3FDD4FB4DBA3A" blockId="31.[313,1269,181,1034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FEA3FDD4FDA8BCBB" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[353,614,627,651]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FEA3FDD4FDA8BCBB" box="[353,614,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Staurotheca dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an Antarctic–Kerguélen distribution, having been found both in Antarctic and in sub-Antarctic waters. In the latter, it has been recorded from off Marion Island (Allman, 1888) and Kerguélen, Crozet and
<collectingCountry id="F343766571620925FB6EFD14FB3ABCFB" box="[1196,1268,691,715]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">Heard</collectingCountry>
Islands (Millard, 1977). In Antarctic waters it has been reported from Cape Adare and McMurdo Sound, in the Ross Sea (Totton, 1930), off
<collectingCountry id="F343766571620925FC20FD54FB44BD3B" box="[994,1162,755,779]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
(Blanco, 1992), off Shag and Clerke Rocks,
<collectingCountry id="F343766571620925FD14FCB4FCB1BD1B" box="[726,895,787,811]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
and the South Shetland Islands (Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 1994) and from the east coast of the Weddell Sea (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FDD8FCF4FD9DBD5B" box="[538,595,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997). Our material comes from the Ross Sea, the Scotia Ridge islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. In the first region,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D7671620925FBEAFCD4FB73BDBB" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[1064,1213,883,907]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAE771620925FBEAFCD4FB73BDBB" box="[1064,1213,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in the central basin of the Ross Sea and at Pennell Bank (off Victoria Land). At the Scotia Ridge it was collected from off Saunders and Visokoi islands (
<collectingCountry id="F343766571620925FB6CFC15FDC5BDDA" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">South Sandwich Islands</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F343766571620925FDE5FC75FD16BDDA" box="[551,728,978,1002]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="2683">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
, and Shag Rocks. Finally, at the Antarctic Peninsula it was obtained from off Anvers Islands (Palmer Archipelago).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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