426 lines
82 KiB
XML
426 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="13E5065488F724DEBD03F2BC85082F27" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11071464" ID-ZooBank="5DE4A9DD-99F7-4E23-AD50-58DC491BB75E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1714119547772" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V." docDate="2024" docId="03FD87D9FF3CD8FAFF55F58E2D34E127" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5444.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5444 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Phanocles aequatorialis Hennemann & Conle 2024, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FFC4FFA1FFA0D865FFC2F06B292AE42B" masterDocTitle="Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="454" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="157" updateTime="1714126622619" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1FE2CB2538C6C843AD80117989AACA14" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="AA4610D9A45B299BEB43ABA4A0C01C31">
|
||
<mods:title id="CDD98E9F87AC7A82F3ED9D7F6BF8D058">Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="C59FFD27E8BDC5438ED6988212ADA0F7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0448BD4F6649E5D3BCE3D68E4107EB96">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="13F14804848ADB69B426829BA92FF051">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1E1EE9798C86E2B41C48750A013296CD">Hennemann, Frank H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC9EE894A450A33344773A2ED92CE1C8" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6547-4704</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="E630A0E962F3C180A1ECD2E5C58E75B8">Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4411E29D06F4D78C043D0063418CFA22" type="email">hennemann@phasmatodea.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7FD6210CA2A32B29930235805E0BA88F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="432E960C05AB7A54D6907931C99E0F49">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F5728522E78CDC22C3C89EEAFE61E94E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DD27370EDB00044401423B2C6AC9F023">Conle, Oskar V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ADD01B7ADE6D2E7D624DA36D3ABBB766" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6547-4704</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="84B5BBB8F1DE9687E2961A1AFE78F55F">Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com & Am Freischütz 16, 47058 Duisburg, Germany. conle @ phasmatodea. de; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: D 2712 C 02 - 7973 - 4 FAA-A 186 - 5 F 8540 A 66691 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5609 - 5107; Website: www. phasmatodea. com * Corresponding author & Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="497BCECDF739A83C435F0072CD2F16E2" type="email">hennemann@phasmatodea.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="61B7CC4A45980304C9A48961A953A039">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A8E1D0A3C50302D98299F1B6DCF1A805" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A83183031BF8C063E254B345BCB4AC2C">
|
||
<mods:title id="1C6EF1D674716101869781D7C04C1C58">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F1B00887A2591EBC660822002765389B">
|
||
<mods:date id="FF83562001B0A77EBA50533172664E2E">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FA1659DB36B7520381E717A9CEA2EF72" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="3F4A6FC216EF2E608C929E1235BD7F9C">2024-04-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="60C6C4F665CD2722A3CAF1F3685B4DB6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="8E7D703EBC5B3F4D869F61411C7185E2">5444</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4F34E8E5E73778CB1ECA36BBAFBE7307" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="47049B2442A316108AF501D76F4DE64D">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="25DC46812093B8FC587E266E0D021D1D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="3A8027F510F958528D33D76F2C962987">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9097AEBCF8AA2436EFCEF142097CB435">454</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="F2B1A0183FA33994542861AA179EEA62">
|
||
<mods:url id="A35E1B7F0399736C8E75EC4528EC8D70">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="22CAE5E52800C04E16FF2404121A6512">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E068C0245104219E56236337011DC82C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4AA251C05320E14E069764FFB83D8BDB" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="48AC5E7465489A351A3EE448A8BF6B48" type="Zenodo-Dep">11071464</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CCCB924E6FD7664213FA4DA37895E634" type="ZooBank">5DE4A9DD-99F7-4E23-AD50-58DC491BB75E</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03FD87D9FF3CD8FAFF55F58E2D34E127" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF3CD8FAFF55F58E2D34E127" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87D9FF3CD8FAFF55F58E2D34E127" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3CD8F9FF55F58E2A39E1D4" box="[151,787,1509,1536]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF55F58E2A39E1D4" blockId="156.[151,830,1509,1572]" box="[151,787,1509,1536]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<heading id="D0A381A3FF3CD8F9FF55F58E2A39E1D4" box="[151,787,1509,1536]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" reason="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3CD8F9FF55F58E2B8FE1D4" authority="(Redtenbacher, 1908)" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,677,1509,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorialis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3CD8F9FF55F58E2887E22B" bold="true" box="[151,429,1509,1536]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Phanocles aequatorialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF3CD8F9FE79F58E2BB7E1D4" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[443,669,1509,1535]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3CD8F9FD6EF58E2A39E1D4" bold="true" box="[684,787,1509,1535]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357A6FF3CD8F9FD6EF58E2A39E1D4" box="[684,787,1509,1535]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3CD8F9FF55F6622A14E208" box="[151,830,1545,1572]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF55F6622A14E208" blockId="156.[151,830,1509,1572]" box="[151,830,1545,1572]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FF5DF6622862E20F" box="[159,328,1545,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="374.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,186,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-22@374.[201,1386,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="374" captionText="FIGURE 54. Phanocles Stål, 1875 habitus: A. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT (French Guiana, St. Jean de Maroni, Nouveau Chantier), dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–3]; C. P. decorus Zompro, 2001 ♀ HT (Ecuador), dorsolateral view [MNHU]; D. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Mexico, Oaxaca, Xadani village nr. Huantulco), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0718–8]; E. P. solidus sp. n. ♀ HT (Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, Arenillas), dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–1]; G. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT (Bolivia, Prov. Chapare, Villa Tunari), dorsal view [ZSMC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071601/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Figs. 54B, 54F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FE91F66228ACE20F" box="[339,390,1545,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="378.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-22@378.[151,1436,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="378" captionText="FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071613/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">58A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FE53F66228EEE208" box="[401,452,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="380.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,204,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-22@380.[151,1435,199,1594]" captionTargetPageId="380" captionText="FIGURE 60. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; E. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071621/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">60A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FE0DF6622B03E208" box="[463,553,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="381.[151,250,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,186,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-17@381.[151,1435,181,1481]" captionTargetPageId="381" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), dorsal view [coll.FH]; C. P.burkartii (Saussure, 1868), ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P.costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [ZMUH]; H. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [ZMUH]; J. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [ZMUH]; K. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; L. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; P. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, ventral view [coll. FH]; Q. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071623/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">61K–M</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FDF6F6622B4DE208" box="[564,615,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="386.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@386.[201,1386,181,1628]" captionTargetPageId="386" captionText="FIGURE 66.Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminaliaof ♂♂: A. P.maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), lateral view [MNHN]; B. P.maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), dorsal view [MNHN]; C. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), ventral view [MNHN]; D. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; E. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; F. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; G. P. keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792), ventral view (specimen from St. Vincent) [FSCA]; H. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [ZSMC]; K. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [ZSMC]; L. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [ZSMC]; M. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [coll. FH]; N. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [coll. FH]; O. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), ventral view [coll. FH]; P. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [MNHN]; Q. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [MNHN]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071633/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">66H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FDB0F6622B8CE208" box="[626,678,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="419.[151,250,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,197,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-17@419.[151,1435,181,1674]" captionTargetPageId="419" captionText="FIGURE 99. Eggs (in scale): A. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002; C. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles rehni sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; L. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Martinique [coll. FH]; N. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071709/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">99A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FD73F6622BC4E208" box="[689,750,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 111" captionStartId="431.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@431.[160,1427,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="431" captionText="FIGURE 111. Live insects: A. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. captive reared ♀ at Montréal Insectarium, Canada (© René Limoges); B. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. captive reared ♂ at Montréal Insectarium, Canada (© René Limoges); C. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) captive reared ♀ from Durango, Ecuador." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071742/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">111C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3CD8F9FD3BF6622A1CE208" box="[761,822,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="438.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-22@438.[151,1435,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="438" captionText="FIGURE 118. Live insects: A. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ near Gamboa, Canal Zone, Panamá; B. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♂ at Valle de Antón, Panamá; C. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) captive reared ♂ from Durango, Ecuador; D. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) captice reared ♂ from Trinidad; E. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) captive reared ♀ from Trinidad; F. closeup of head of same specimen as in figure E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071764/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">118C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3CD8F9FF55F62528E1E2E9" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF55F6252BACE24D" blockId="156.[151,649,1614,1760]" box="[151,646,1614,1638]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4411E1FF3CD8F9FF55F6252BACE24D" box="[151,646,1614,1638]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF510DEFF3CD8F9FF55F6252BA8E24D" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[151,642,1614,1638]" page="419" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" year="1908">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3CD8F9FF55F6252BA8E24D" ID-CoL="K9CB" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 419" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="419" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,642,1614,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Bacteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3CD8F9FF55F6252856E24D" box="[151,380,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Bacteria aequatorialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF3CD8F9FE40F6252BA8E24D" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[386,642,1614,1638]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 419</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF05F6072858E2AF" blockId="156.[151,649,1614,1760]" box="[199,370,1644,1668]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Brock, 1998: 12.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF55F6E02BA3E288" blockId="156.[151,649,1614,1760]" box="[151,649,1675,1699]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3CD8F9FF55F6E02BAFE288" ID-CoL="4FTX9" authority=", Zompro, 2001: 196" authorityName="Zompro" authorityPageNumber="196" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,645,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocloidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3CD8F9FF55F6E0289BE288" box="[151,433,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Phanocloidea aequatorialis</emphasis>
|
||
, Zompro, 2001: 196
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF05F6C128E1E2E9" blockId="156.[151,649,1614,1760]" box="[199,459,1705,1730]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF3CD8F9FF05F6C128EDE2E9" author="Otte, D. & Brock, P." box="[199,455,1705,1730]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" refId="ref331591" refString="Otte, D. & Brock, P. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 414 pp. [CafePress. com]" type="book" year="2005">Otte & Brock, 2005: 262</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3CD8F9FF05F6A328DBE2CB" box="[199,497,1736,1760]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF05F6A328DBE2CB" blockId="156.[151,649,1614,1760]" box="[199,497,1736,1760]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF3CD8F9FF05F6A328C7E2CB" author="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. H." box="[199,493,1736,1760]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" refId="ref325523" refString="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. H. (2022) Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. Phasmids. N. A. P. Editions, Verrieres le Buisson, 609 pp." type="book" year="2022">Brock & Büscher, 2022: 514</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3CD8F9FF55F76428A6E3EC" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF55F7642BC2E302" blockId="156.[151,744,1806,1836]" box="[151,744,1806,1836]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3CD8F9FF55F7642BC2E302" bold="true" box="[151,744,1806,1836]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Further material examined [
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FE28F7652B13E307" box="[490,569,1806,1836]" count="12" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="female">12 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FD85F7652BBEE307" box="[583,660,1806,1836]" count="10" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="male">10 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, eggs]:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3CD8F9FF55F73828A6E3EC" blockId="156.[151,1437,1875,1991]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF3CD8F9FF55F7382B8AE341" box="[151,672,1875,1899]" collectorName="N. - O. Lita" elevation="250" location="Prov." pageId="156" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FF55F73829EBE341" box="[151,193,1875,1899]" count="1" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8E8B6014FF3CD8F9FF0DF738282EE341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF3CD8FAFF55F58E2D34E127:8E8B6014FF3CD8F9FF0DF738282EE341" box="[207,260,1875,1898]" name="Prov." pageId="156" pageNumber="157" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Prov.</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF3CD8F9FECEF73828A9E340" box="[268,387,1875,1899]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF3CD8F9FE52F73828FFE340" box="[400,469,1875,1899]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FE23F7382B64E340" box="[481,590,1875,1899]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">N.-O. Lita</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF3CD8F9FD98F7382B8AE341" box="[602,672,1875,1899]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="250.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FD98F7382B8AE341" box="[602,672,1875,1899]" count="250" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="generic">
|
||
<elevation id="0079D1FCFF3CD8F9FD98F7382B8AE341" box="[602,672,1875,1899]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF3CD8F9FD62F7382C13E341" box="[672,1337,1875,1899]" collectingDate="1990-04-12" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="S. Poulain" country="Ecuador" location="Museum Paris" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="1">
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFEA100FFF3CD8F9FD6EF7382A34E340" box="[684,798,1875,1899]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" value="1990-04-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9E7FF3CD8F9FD6EF7382A34E340" box="[684,798,1875,1899]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" value="1990-04-12">12.IV.1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E8B6014FF3CD8F9FCE9F7382AEBE340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF3CD8FAFF55F58E2D34E127:8E8B6014FF3CD8F9FCE9F7382AEBE340" box="[811,961,1875,1899]" country="Ecuador" name="Museum Paris" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Museum Paris</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF3CD8F9FC0CF7382D01E341" box="[974,1067,1875,1898]" name="Ecuador" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Equateur</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FBF5F7382D8BE340" box="[1079,1185,1875,1899]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. Poulain</collectorName>
|
||
rec. [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF3CD8F9FB1CF7382C19E341" box="[1246,1331,1875,1898]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF3CD8F9FA84F738284FE383" collectionCode="FH" collectorName="Zucht F. Hennemann & Herkunft & Prov. & Durango & H. Kaech" country="Ecuador" location="Esmeraldas" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FA84F7382CA9E341" box="[1350,1411,1875,1899]" count="2" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FA52F73829C4E3A2" count="3" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, eggs: ex
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FE91F7192B0DE3A2" box="[339,551,1906,1930]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Zucht F. Hennemann</collectorName>
|
||
2009/10,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FD4EF7192BC6E3A1" box="[652,748,1906,1930]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Herkunft</collectorName>
|
||
: NW-Ecuador,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FC44F7192A91E3A2" box="[902,955,1906,1929]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Prov.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF3CD8F9FC02F7192D1DE3A1" box="[960,1079,1906,1930]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FB80F7192DB7E3A1" box="[1090,1181,1906,1930]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Durango</collectorName>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FB10F7192C1BE3A1" box="[1234,1329,1906,1930]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">H. Kaech</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF3CD8F9FAFFF7192C48E3A2" box="[1341,1378,1906,1929]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">FH</collectionCode>
|
||
, No’s 0659–1 to 5, E]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF3CD8F9FEADF7FB28A2E3EC" collectionCode="OC" collectorName="Ex Zucht B. Kneubuhler & Prov. & Durango & H. Kaech" country="Ecuador" location="Esmeraldas" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FEADF7FB2883E383" box="[367,425,1936,1960]" count="8" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="male">8 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3CD8F9FE71F7FB28C7E383" box="[435,493,1936,1960]" count="8" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FE35F7FA2BC4E383" box="[503,750,1936,1960]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Ex Zucht B. Kneubühler</collectorName>
|
||
2018, F1,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF3CD8F9FC9AF7FB2A9AE383" box="[856,944,1936,1960]" name="Ecuador" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FC7BF7FA2AC5E383" box="[953,1007,1937,1960]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Prov.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF3CD8F9FC31F7FB2D40E383" box="[1011,1130,1936,1960]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FBB6F7FA2DE5E382" box="[1140,1231,1937,1961]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Durango</collectorName>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A15319FF3CD8F9FAC1F7FA2C48E383" box="[1283,1378,1936,1960]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">H. Kaech</collectorName>
|
||
[coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF3CD8F9FF05F7C429C1E3EC" box="[199,235,1967,1991]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13789" name="Oberlin College" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="Herbarium">OC</collectionCode>
|
||
–0550–1 to 16]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3DD8F8FF55F0FD2AAEE633" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3DD8F8FF55F0FD2AAEE633" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FF55F0FD2838E49B" bold="true" box="[151,274,150,176]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Females of this small species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FDBAF0FD2BF4E49A" box="[632,734,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="374.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,186,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-22@374.[201,1386,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="374" captionText="FIGURE 54. Phanocles Stål, 1875 habitus: A. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT (French Guiana, St. Jean de Maroni, Nouveau Chantier), dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–3]; C. P. decorus Zompro, 2001 ♀ HT (Ecuador), dorsolateral view [MNHU]; D. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Mexico, Oaxaca, Xadani village nr. Huantulco), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0718–8]; E. P. solidus sp. n. ♀ HT (Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, Arenillas), dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–1]; G. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT (Bolivia, Prov. Chapare, Villa Tunari), dorsal view [ZSMC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071601/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
|
||
) most closely resemble those of the Panamanian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3DD8F8FAD1F0FD284DE4FE" authority="(Westwood, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phibalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ploiaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FAD1F0FD2CB6E49B" box="[1299,1436,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Ph. ploiaria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF3DD8F8FF5DF0D12875E4FE" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[159,351,186,213]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" refId="ref333477" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65981" type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but may be separated by the smaller size, less globose head, smaller but more acute cephalad horns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FF26F0B52861E4D2" box="[228,331,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="378.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-22@378.[151,1436,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="378" captionText="FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071613/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 58A</figureCitation>
|
||
), more rounded and node-like tubercles of the mesonotum, much smaller lobes of the praeopercular organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FF27F1692878E537" box="[229,338,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="381.[151,250,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,186,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-17@381.[151,1435,181,1481]" captionTargetPageId="381" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), dorsal view [coll.FH]; C. P.burkartii (Saussure, 1868), ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P.costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [ZMUH]; H. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [ZMUH]; J. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [ZMUH]; K. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; L. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; P. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, ventral view [coll. FH]; Q. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071623/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 61M</figureCitation>
|
||
), somewhat more delicate legs and lack of a rounded apical lobe on the posterodorsal carina of the meso- and metatibiae. Males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FE2FF14D2B65E56A" box="[493,591,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="374.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,186,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-22@374.[201,1386,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="374" captionText="FIGURE 54. Phanocles Stål, 1875 habitus: A. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT (French Guiana, St. Jean de Maroni, Nouveau Chantier), dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–3]; C. P. decorus Zompro, 2001 ♀ HT (Ecuador), dorsolateral view [MNHU]; D. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Mexico, Oaxaca, Xadani village nr. Huantulco), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0718–8]; E. P. solidus sp. n. ♀ HT (Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, Arenillas), dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–1]; G. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT (Bolivia, Prov. Chapare, Villa Tunari), dorsal view [ZSMC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071601/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 54F</figureCitation>
|
||
) resemble those of the two Ecuadorian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3DD8F8FBAEF14D2C0EE56B" authority="Hennemann & Conle, 2024" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[1132,1316,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecuadoricus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FBAEF14D2C0EE56B" box="[1132,1316,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Ph. ecuadoricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FAEEF14D2C46E56B" bold="true" box="[1324,1388,294,320]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357A6FF3DD8F8FAEEF14D2C46E56B" box="[1324,1388,294,320]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3DD8F8FF55F1212834E54F" authority="Hennemann & Conle, 2024" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,286,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcatus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FF55F1212834E54F" box="[151,286,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Ph. falcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FEE4F121284DE54F" bold="true" box="[294,359,330,356]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357A6FF3DD8F8FEE4F121284DE54F" box="[294,359,330,356]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but readily differ from both by the considerably smaller size (body length <100.0 mm), more elongate and rather flattened head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FDE5F1052BBAE5A3" box="[551,656,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="380.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,204,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-22@380.[151,1435,199,1594]" captionTargetPageId="380" captionText="FIGURE 60. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; E. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071621/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 60A</figureCitation>
|
||
), presence of some small, node-like tubercles on the mesonotum and mesopleurae (wholly smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3DD8F8FE38F1F92BA9E587" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[506,643,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecuadoricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FE38F1F92BA9E587" box="[506,643,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">ecuadoricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3DD8F8FD75F1F92A3AE587" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[695,784,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FD75F1F92A3AE587" box="[695,784,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">falcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), reddish brown legs and different morphology of the three terminal abdominal segments, which includes a notably shorter and broader, basically triangular vomer. From those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3DD8F8FF74F1B12815E5DF" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[182,319,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecuadoricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FF74F1B12815E5DF" box="[182,319,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">ecuadoricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they may furthermore be distinguished by the slender basitarsi, while they differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3DD8F8FACDF1B12C42E5DF" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[1295,1384,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FACDF1B12C42E5DF" box="[1295,1384,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">falcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also by the much smaller cephalad tubercles and somewhat longer alae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3DD8FAFF05F24928C6E73F" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3DD8F8FF05F2492D8EE617" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,1188,546,572]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FF05F2492873E617" bold="true" box="[199,345,546,572]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The colouration is described from photos of live captive reared specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3DD8F8FF05F2232D25E73F" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3DD8F8FF05F223285CE64B" bold="true" box="[199,374,582,612]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3DD8F8FF05F22329DBE64F" box="[199,241,584,612]" count="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FF3DF22D2842E64B" box="[255,360,582,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="374.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,186,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-22@374.[201,1386,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="374" captionText="FIGURE 54. Phanocles Stål, 1875 habitus: A. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT (French Guiana, St. Jean de Maroni, Nouveau Chantier), dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–3]; C. P. decorus Zompro, 2001 ♀ HT (Ecuador), dorsolateral view [MNHU]; D. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Mexico, Oaxaca, Xadani village nr. Huantulco), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0718–8]; E. P. solidus sp. n. ♀ HT (Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, Arenillas), dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–1]; G. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT (Bolivia, Prov. Chapare, Villa Tunari), dorsal view [ZSMC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071601/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fairly small (body length including subgenital plate
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF3DD8F8FC03F22D2DAAE64B" box="[961,1152,582,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5014999999999996" metricValueMax="1.6219999999999999" metricValueMin="1.3809999999999998" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="150.14999999999998" valueMax="162.2" valueMin="138.1">138.1–162.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and slender species with a moderately globose, bi-cornute head, a sparsely but distinctly tubercular and nodulose meso- and metathorax and a rather short subgenital plate. General colouration either various shades of brown and grey or dull to mid green. Tubercles of the mesothorax pale orange in green and dull ochre in brown specimens. Eyes pale yellowish with brown mottling. Meso- and metafemora with a faint pale transverse band in brown specimens. Antennae except for scapus and pedicellus reddish mid brown dorsally and slightly darker ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3DD8F8FF05F3752A1BE073" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FED7F37528A8E712" box="[277,386,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="378.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-22@378.[151,1436,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="378" captionText="FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071613/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 58A</figureCitation>
|
||
): Moderately globose, about 1.3x longer than wide with the vertex weakly convex. Vertex supplied with a few minute granules and a pair of small ± acute conical horns just behind the eyes; these slightly directed laterad and cephalad and extending by less than one-quarter the height of head capsule. Between these horns often a narrowly placed pair of node-like tubercles. Frons with a distinct, oval impression between the bases of the antennae that has a granule at each outer corner. Eyes small but strongly projecting, circular in outline and their diameter contained about 2.2x in length of genae. Antennae ± reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment II. Scapus compressed dorsoventrally, very slightly constricted towards the base but with the lateral margins straight; 1.6x longer than wide. Pedicellus round in cross-section, slightly constricted apically and less than half the length of scapus. Antennomere III scarcely longer than pedicellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3DD8F8FF05F4092A70E207" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Thorax: Pronotum slightly shorter and noticeably narrower than head, 1.7x longer than width of posterior margin with the anterior half notably narrowed and the lateral margins very gently rounded in posterior half. Surface supplied with some node-like granules, which are roughly arranged in two converging rows in front and two sub-parallel and closely placed longitudinal rows posterior of the shallow and gently curved transverse median sulcus; each row consisting of three granules. A few further scattered granules in lateral portions of segment, the anterior margin somewhat raised and with four small granules in the median portion. Mesothorax 8x longer than prothorax and uniform in diameter with only a slight widening posteriorly. Mesonotum unevenly set with a variable number of differently sized node-like to conical tubercles and small granules in between but the armature much less pronounced in the very posterior portion; a longitudinal row of granules indicated close to lateral margins. Metanotum scarcely more than one-quarter the length of mesonotum and some 1.8x longer than wide; surface sparsely granulose and with a few small, conical tubercles only towards the lateral margins. Meso- and metapleurae with a longitudinal marginal row of moderately sized tubercles and some further but much smaller, irregularly dispersed granules. Meso- and metasternum just sparsely granulose and tubercular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3DD8FBFF05F65D2881E537" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="158.[151,1437,151,2043]" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Abdomen: Median segment 1.6x longer than metanotum, gently constricted medially with the posterior margin broader than anterior margin and about 5.3x longer than wide. Segment II somewhat shorter than median segment and 3x longer than wide. II–V slightly increasing and VI–VII decreasing in length; VI longest and 3.6x longer than wide; all roughly uniform in diameter. Tergum VI with a ± distinct bi-lobed excrescence posteromedially. VII shorter than all preceding segments with the lateral margins just very weakly deflexed and rounded posteriorly. Sterna just very weakly and sparsely granulose to almost smooth. Praeopercular organ indistinct and only represented by a dark marking and two small and shallow posteromedian protuberances close to posterior margin of sternum VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FF5DF7592827E367" box="[159,269,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="381.[151,250,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,186,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-17@381.[151,1435,181,1481]" captionTargetPageId="381" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), dorsal view [coll.FH]; C. P.burkartii (Saussure, 1868), ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P.costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [ZMUH]; H. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [ZMUH]; J. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [ZMUH]; K. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; L. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; P. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, ventral view [coll. FH]; Q. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071623/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 61M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergum VIII slightly less than half the length and somewhat narrower than VII, about 1.3x longer than wide, rectangular in dorsal aspect and strongly convex longitudinally. IX scarcely shorter than VIII and rectangular dorsal aspect. Anal segment a little longer than IX with the posterior portion somewhat widened, carinate medio-longitudinally, flattened towards the posterior and the posterior margin almost straight with the outer angles roundly deflexed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3DD8F8FECBF7A9285AE3F7" box="[265,368,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="381.[151,250,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,186,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-17@381.[151,1435,181,1481]" captionTargetPageId="381" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), dorsal view [coll.FH]; C. P.burkartii (Saussure, 1868), ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P.costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [ZMUH]; H. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [ZMUH]; J. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [ZMUH]; K. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; L. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; P. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, ventral view [coll. FH]; Q. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071623/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 61L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci very small and tapered towards a blunt apex. Gonapophyses VIII elongate, upcurved, notably projecting over posterior margin anal segment and ± reaching apex of subgenital plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3ED8FBFB38F0FC2CBBE49A" box="[1274,1425,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="381.[151,250,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,186,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-17@381.[151,1435,181,1481]" captionTargetPageId="381" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), dorsal view [coll.FH]; C. P.burkartii (Saussure, 1868), ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P.costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [ZMUH]; H. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [ZMUH]; J. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [ZMUH]; K. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; L. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; P. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, ventral view [coll. FH]; Q. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071623/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Figs. 61K–L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate canaliculate in the posterior three-fifths and with a prominent, lamellate longitudinal lateral carina in basal two-fifths with the apex obtusely rounded and projecting beyond apex of abdomen by ± the length of anal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3ED8FBFEC6F16928B5E537" box="[260,415,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="381.[151,250,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,186,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-17@381.[151,1435,181,1481]" captionTargetPageId="381" captionText="FIGURE 61. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), dorsal view [coll.FH]; C. P.burkartii (Saussure, 1868), ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P.costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [ZMUH]; H. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [ZMUH]; J. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [ZMUH]; K. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; L. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; P. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, ventral view [coll. FH]; Q. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071623/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Figs. 61K–M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3ED8FBFF05F14C2827E5D8" blockId="158.[151,1437,151,2043]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Legs: All moderately long and slender. Profemora about equal in length to mesothorax, mesofemora slightly longer than metathorax, metafemora almost reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment IV and metatarsi not reaching apex of abdomen. Two outer ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with a ± distinct, roundly triangular lobe about one quarter off the base of femur (less distinct on metafemora). Legs otherwise unarmed. All basitarsi with a prominent, roundly triangular dorsal crest; all slightly longer than corresponding following three tarsomeres combined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3ED8FBFF05F19428F0E755" blockId="158.[151,1437,151,2043]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3ED8FBFF05F194285CE63C" bold="true" box="[199,374,509,539]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3ED8FBFF05F19429DBE630" box="[199,241,511,539]" count="1" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3ED8FBFEC2F1962842E63C" box="[256,360,509,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="374.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,186,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-22@374.[201,1386,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="374" captionText="FIGURE 54. Phanocles Stål, 1875 habitus: A. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT (French Guiana, St. Jean de Maroni, Nouveau Chantier), dorsolateral view [MNHN]; B. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–3]; C. P. decorus Zompro, 2001 ♀ HT (Ecuador), dorsolateral view [MNHU]; D. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Mexico, Oaxaca, Xadani village nr. Huantulco), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0718–8]; E. P. solidus sp. n. ♀ HT (Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, Arenillas), dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (captive reared from Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Durango), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0659–1]; G. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT (Bolivia, Prov. Chapare, Villa Tunari), dorsal view [ZSMC]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071601/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 54F</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Small (body length 89.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF3ED8FBFD5BF1962A21E63C" box="[665,779,509,535]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.002" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="100.2">100.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and slender for the genus with fairly well-developed alae, that roughly reach to posterior margin of abdominal segment III (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF3ED8FBFC43F24A2D01E610" box="[897,1067,545,571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.28" metricValueMin="3.02" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="32.8" valueMin="30.2">30.2–32.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), a rather flattened and unarmed head, a sparsely granulose mesonotum and distinctly white lower portion of the genae. General colour dark greyish brown, the mesothorax with a slight dull greyish green wash, the abdomen rather ochreous mid brown basally and becoming darker brown towards the apex. Abdominal terga IX and X with an ochre to creamy white medio-dorsal marking. Head brown with a washed black postocular streak and the entire lower portion of the genae distinctly white. Eyes as in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3ED8FBFEA3F2BE28A7E6C4" box="[353,397,725,751]" count="1" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
. Pronotum with the lateral portions blackish brown. Tegmina and costal region of alae pale brown with darker brown veins; both with the anterior margin broadly white to pale cream coloured (only in the basal portion of the alae although). Anal region of alae transparent pale brown. Vomer dark brown. Legs reddish mid brown and all femora and tibiae with three faint straw transverse annulae. Antennae greyish dark brown dorsally and slightly darker ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3ED8FBFF05F3E32A98E019" blockId="158.[151,1437,151,2043]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3ED8FBFED1F3E32854E789" box="[275,382,904,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="380.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,204,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-22@380.[151,1435,199,1594]" captionTargetPageId="380" captionText="FIGURE 60. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; E. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071621/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 60A</figureCitation>
|
||
): Oval and broadest at the eyes with the vertex flattened and smooth except for an impressed coronal line in the posterior half; only a pair of shallow and obtuse swellings just behind the eyes. Frons with a very distinct oval impression between bases of antennae. Eyes large, almost circular in outline and projecting hemispherical from head capsule; their diameter contained only 1.5x in length of genae. Antennae ± reaching half the way along abdominal segment VI. Scapus and pedicellus as in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3ED8FBFC43F4732A87E019" box="[897,941,1048,1074]" count="1" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3ED8FBFF05F4502A84E17A" blockId="158.[151,1437,151,2043]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Thorax: Pronotum almost as long but noticeably narrower than head and basically as in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3ED8FBFB7FF4572DCDE07D" box="[1213,1255,1084,1110]" count="1" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
but destitute of granules. The transverse median sulcus somewhat more pronounced and almost reaching lateral margins of segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3ED8FBFF5DF4E82821E0B6" box="[159,267,1155,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="380.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,204,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-22@380.[151,1435,199,1594]" captionTargetPageId="380" captionText="FIGURE 60. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; E. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071621/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 60A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesothorax 7.5x longer and a little narrower than prothorax, uniform in diameter with only a slight widening posteriorly. Mesonotum supplied with a very few scattered node-like granules and a longitudinal row of minute granules laterally. Mesopleurae with about ten node-like granules and the mesosternum acutely carinate medio-longitudinally but destitute of granules. Metapleurae and metasternum smooth. Tegmina elongate, slender, ovate-spatulate in shape and gradually narrowed in the anterior portion; central protuberance moderate and roundly conical. Alae ± reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3ED8FBFF05F531285AE341" blockId="158.[151,1437,151,2043]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Abdomen: All segments smooth dorsally and ventrally. Median segment over 4x longer than metanotum, very gently narrowed towards the posterior. Segment II about 0.7x the length of median segment. II–VII uniform in diameter but slightly decreasing in length with II over 5x and VII hardly 4x longer than wide; VII gently constricted medially. Tergum VIII 3/5 the length of VII, gradually widening towards the posterior, trapezoidal in dorsal aspect and the posterior margin about 1.3x wider than anterior margin. IX about 1.3x longer than VIII, constricted medially and with the anterior portion slightly widened; lateral margins straight but somewhat deflexed posteriorly. Anal segment noticeably shorter than IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3ED8FBFDF3F65A2BB3E260" box="[561,665,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="386.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@386.[201,1386,181,1628]" captionTargetPageId="386" captionText="FIGURE 66.Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminaliaof ♂♂: A. P.maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), lateral view [MNHN]; B. P.maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), dorsal view [MNHN]; C. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), ventral view [MNHN]; D. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; E. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; F. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; G. P. keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792), ventral view (specimen from St. Vincent) [FSCA]; H. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [ZSMC]; K. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [ZSMC]; L. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [ZSMC]; M. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [coll. FH]; N. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [coll. FH]; O. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), ventral view [coll. FH]; P. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [MNHN]; Q. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [MNHN]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071633/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 66H</figureCitation>
|
||
), roundly rectangular in dorsal aspect, scarcely longer than wide and slightly narrowed apically; posterior margin with a very shallow median indention and the outer angles rounded. Ventral surface of posterior margin set with a few minute black teeth. Cerci shorter than anal segment, very gently incurved and slightly thickened at the apex. Vomer basically triangular in shape and gradually narrowing towards a single, acute and upcurved terminal hook; lateral margins straight and moderately inflated, ventral surface Vshaped, moderately lowered and irregularly furrowed transversely. Poculum moderately bulgy and convex, roundly rectangular in lateral aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3ED8FBFE1DF7632B6FE309" box="[479,581,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="386.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,186,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-22@386.[201,1386,181,1628]" captionTargetPageId="386" captionText="FIGURE 66.Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminaliaof ♂♂: A. P.maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), lateral view [MNHN]; B. P.maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), dorsal view [MNHN]; C. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911), ventral view [MNHN]; D. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; E. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; F. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; G. P. keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792), ventral view (specimen from St. Vincent) [FSCA]; H. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [ZSMC]; K. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [ZSMC]; L. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [ZSMC]; M. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [coll. FH]; N. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [coll. FH]; O. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), ventral view [coll. FH]; P. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [MNHN]; Q. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [MNHN]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071633/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 66H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a fairly pronounced medio-longitudinal carina that is most prominent and somewhat lamellate at the angle; almost reaching to posterior margin of tergum IX and with posterior margin obtusely triangular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3ED8FBFF05F71E2B1CE3D1" blockId="158.[151,1437,151,2043]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Legs:All long, slender and wholly unarmed. Profemora a little longer than head, pro- and mesothorax combined, mesofemora slightly longer than mesothorax, metafemora almost reaching posterior margin of abdominal segment V and metatibiae projecting considerably over apex of abdomen. All basitarsi slender and noticeably longer than remaining tarsomeres taken together.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3FD8FAFF05F0FD2C36E537" blockId="159.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFF05F0FD2867E49B" bold="true" box="[199,333,150,176]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF3FD8FAFE91F0FC2C32E537" location="Both" municipality="Lita" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Durango" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
In addition to the colour, some variability is seen in the size of the cephalic horns and degree of the meso- and metathoracic nodes and tubercles of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3FD8FAFD10F0D02BD4E4FE" box="[722,766,187,213]" count="1" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
. The immature
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF886DFF3FD8FAFC6CF0D12D3AE4FF" box="[942,1040,186,212]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and specimen from near
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FACB5FF3FD8FAFAE8F0D12C7DE4FF" box="[1322,1367,186,212]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Lita</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
in the collection of MNHN have the cephalic horns notably larger than the captive reared specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF3FD8FAFB37F0B42C7DE4D2" box="[1269,1367,223,249]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Durango</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the authors collections.
|
||
<location id="8E8B6014FF3FD8FAFEBAF1692884E537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF3CD8FAFF55F58E2D34E127:8E8B6014FF3FD8FAFEBAF1692884E537" box="[376,430,258,284]" municipality="Lita" name="Both" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Durango">Both</location>
|
||
these specimens also have the thoracic armature somewhat more pronounced
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3FD8FAFF05F14D2891E6E7" blockId="159.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFF05F14D2851E56B" bold="true" box="[199,379,294,320]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Egg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF3FD8FAFEC7F14D2844E56B" box="[261,366,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="419.[151,250,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,197,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-17@419.[151,1435,181,1674]" captionTargetPageId="419" captionText="FIGURE 99. Eggs (in scale): A. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002; C. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles rehni sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; L. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Martinique [coll. FH]; N. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071709/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Fig. 99A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fairly small but typical for the genus. Shape angularly ovoid with the polar-area flattened and the dorsal egg surface strongly convex in the anterior portion; oval in cross-section. Capsule surface deeply and densely punctured, the pits of moderate size and well defined. Micropylar plate large, elongate-oval and gradually narrowing towards the anterior, slightly more than two-thirds the length of capsule and only about 2.5x longer than wide; sculptured like capsule but with the pits smaller and the entire surface gently convex longitudinally. Micropylar cup a distinct elongate swelling with a cup-like protuberance at posterior end of plate. Median line indistinct, short and not reaching to posterior pole of capsule. Operculum oval and with a moderately sized, hollow and raised structure that is formed by excrescences of the outer margin; shape roundly conical, flattened and pitted dorsally and with the lateral surface almost smooth basally; height only corresponding to about one-fifth the length of capsule. General colour plain grey with a slight ochre wash, mostly with a faint and weakly defined dark grey to black marking laterally.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF3FD8FAFE0CF2E52B33E683" box="[462,537,654,680]" country="France" name="Centre" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Centre</collectingRegion>
|
||
of polar area and opercular collar brown, the micropylar cup blackish brown. Operculum reddish ochre.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3FD8FAFF05F2BC28C6E73F" blockId="159.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Measurements [mm]: Length including operculum 3.4–3.5, length 2.8–2.9, width 1.9–2.0, height 2.5–2.6, length of micropylar plate 2.0.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF3FD8FAFF05F3752D34E127" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3FD8FAFF05F37529DAE78F" blockId="159.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFF05F3752865E713" bold="true" box="[199,335,798,824]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The unique
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF886DFF3FD8FAFE19F3752B17E713" box="[475,573,798,824]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the collection of NHMW is a fairly damaged penultimate instar
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3FD8FAFAEEF3742C6BE712" box="[1324,1345,799,825]" count="1" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
nymph, that lacks both antennae, the right front leg, left mid and hind leg and terminal four abdominal segments. Comparison with the fresh material at hand leaves no doubt the latter specimens represent this fairly distinctive and rather small species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3FD8FAFF05F3C52DBFE0EF" blockId="159.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Culture stock that originated from Durango in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF3FD8FAFD31F3C52AF5E7E3" box="[755,991,942,968]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Esmeraldas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
in north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF3FD8FAFB60F3C52DD5E7E3" box="[1186,1279,942,968]" name="Ecuador" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
was imported to Europe in 2007 and first successfully reared in captivity by Bruno Kneubühler (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF3FD8FAFB96F3B92D82E7C7" box="[1108,1192,978,1004]" country="Switzerland" name="Luzern" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Luzern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF3FD8FAFB74F3B92C6BE7C7" box="[1206,1345,978,1004]" name="Switzerland" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
). It was since then distributed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFE6EF39D2B62E03A" box="[428,584,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFE6EF39D2B0BE03B" box="[428,545,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Phanocles</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“Durango” but the culture could only be maintained for few generations. In captivity in Europe bramble (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFE23F4712B74E01E" box="[481,606,1050,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFE23F4712B0DE01F" box="[481,551,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFDA8F4712BF2E01F" box="[618,728,1050,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFCE6F4702AE2E01F" box="[804,968,1050,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFCE6F4702AE2E01F" box="[804,968,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Quercus robur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFC17F4712D15E01F" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[981,1087,1050,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and salal (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFB03F4712CBFE01F" box="[1217,1429,1050,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaultheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shallon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFB03F4712CBFE01F" box="[1217,1429,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Gaultheria shallon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFF55F455282CE073" box="[151,262,1086,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were accepted as alternative food plants. Unfortunately, the natural host plants are not known. The incubation time of eggs was 4–5 months at temperatures of 20–25°C and at the same climatic circumstances
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3FD8FAFAB0F4082CB6E056" box="[1394,1436,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
reached maturity after about 12 weeks, while
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3FD8FAFD5FF4EC2BEDE08A" box="[669,711,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
on average took some 14 weeks to reach maturity. Females laid 3–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF3FD8FAFF76F4C129D1E0EE" box="[180,251,1194,1221]" count="5" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="egg">5 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
per day, which they simply flicked away by an abrupt movement of the abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF3FD8FAFF55F49F2D34E127" blockId="159.[151,1054,1268,1292]" box="[151,1054,1268,1292]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFF55F49F282AE127" bold="true" box="[151,256,1268,1292]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Table 30:</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF3FD8FAFE04F49F2A9DE127" authority="(Redtenbacher, 1908)" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[454,951,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorialis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFE04F49F2BE0E127" box="[454,714,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Phanocles aequatorialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF3FD8FAFD1AF49F2A85E127" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[728,943,1268,1292]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF3FD8FAFC7FF49F2D34E127" bold="true" box="[957,1054,1268,1292]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357A6FF3FD8FAFC7FF49F2D34E127" box="[957,1054,1268,1292]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |