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<document id="7A86AF6DD08A38DA968549AF88BED590" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11071464" ID-ZooBank="5DE4A9DD-99F7-4E23-AD50-58DC491BB75E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1714119547772" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hennemann, Frank H. &amp; Conle, Oskar V." docDate="2024" docId="03FD87D9FF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2838E35F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5444.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5444 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Phanocles chaperi Hennemann &amp; Conle 2024, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="FFC4FFA1FFA0D865FFC2F06B292AE42B" masterDocTitle="Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="454" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1714126622619" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="25026408BFFD815297EC175ABBE587C9">Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A48946EA03C81158A8F3DA39C7356EFF">Hennemann, Frank H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1327E5EEA01D61A6471A316C250C0BE2">Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="30487C28C56C80E8CEAA8E23C96F1B82" type="email">hennemann@phasmatodea.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2AB4147E520B543FBC4CC4ED77C80B52">Conle, Oskar V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="457F2D0482462C02E76B33522A555C73" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6547-4704</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F2C920A3FCCCB0E9006A5F6A55E5F079">Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com &amp; Am Freischütz 16, 47058 Duisburg, Germany. conle @ phasmatodea. de; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: D 2712 C 02 - 7973 - 4 FAA-A 186 - 5 F 8540 A 66691 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5609 - 5107; Website: www. phasmatodea. com * Corresponding author &amp; Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="322524AC1EE86BD9EC1BF541798344FE" type="email">hennemann@phasmatodea.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C97A93896FD6A2212DB88B0386626A72">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4CD8A73B47D28C9DFCA53BDC70805AFA">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FD87D9FF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2838E35F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11071834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2838E35F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87D9FF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2838E35F" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2BF9E49B" box="[151,723,150,177]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2BF9E49B" blockId="170.[151,723,150,212]" box="[151,723,150,177]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<heading id="D0A381A3FF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2BF9E49B" box="[151,723,150,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2B4CE49B" authority="(Redtenbacher, 1908)" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,614,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaperi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2847E49A" bold="true" box="[151,365,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Phanocles chaperi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFEB9F0FD2B77E49B" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[379,605,150,176]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFDAFF0FD2BF9E49B" bold="true" box="[621,723,150,176]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357A6FF0AD8CFFDAFF0FD2BF9E49B" box="[621,723,150,176]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF0AD8CFFF55F0D1287AE4FF" box="[151,336,186,212]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF55F0D1287AE4FF" blockId="170.[151,723,150,212]" box="[151,336,186,212]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF0AD8CFFF5DF0D1283AE4FF" box="[159,272,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="412.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,181,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-22@412.[151,1435,181,1701]" captionTargetPageId="412" captionText="FIGURE 92. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀: A. Phanocles berezini sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; C. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) HT [MNHN]; D. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; E. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Dominica [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) Trinidad [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; G. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [ZMUH]; H. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. Not in scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071692/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Figs. 92C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF0AD8CFFED9F0D12862E4FF" box="[283,328,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="419.[151,250,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,197,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-17@419.[151,1435,181,1674]" captionTargetPageId="419" captionText="FIGURE 99. Eggs (in scale): A. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002; C. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles rehni sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; L. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Martinique [coll. FH]; N. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071709/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">99P</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF0AD8CFFF55F0942894E51E" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF55F0942B67E53C" blockId="170.[151,796,255,371]" box="[151,589,255,279]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4411E1FF0AD8CFFF55F0942B67E53C" box="[151,589,255,279]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF510DEFF0AD8CFFF55F0942B62E53C" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[151,584,255,279]" page="419" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFF55F0942B62E53C" ID-CoL="K9DG" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 419" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="419" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,584,255,279]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Bacteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaperi">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF55F0942868E53C" box="[151,322,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Bacteria chaperi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFE8AF0942B62E53C" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[328,584,255,279]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 419</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF05F1762894E51E" blockId="170.[151,796,255,371]" box="[199,446,285,309]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFF05F1762890E51E" author="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P." box="[199,442,285,309]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref331591" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 414 pp. [CafePress. com]" type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005: 62</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF0AD8CFFF05F15728DBE558" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF05F1572A36E57F" blockId="170.[151,796,255,371]" box="[199,796,316,340]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFF05F1572A33E57F" author="Delfosse, E. &amp; Cliquennois, N. &amp; Depraetere, M. &amp; Robillard, T." box="[199,793,316,340]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="181 - 235" refId="ref327299" refString="Delfosse, E., Cliquennois, N., Depraetere, M. &amp; Robillard, T. (2019) Catalogue des types de la collection de phasmes du national d'Histoire naturelle de paris (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Zoosystema, 41 (11), 181 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / zoosystema 2019 v 41 a 11" type="journal article" year="2019">Delfosse, Cliquennois, Depraetere &amp; Robillard, 2019: 195</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF05F13028DBE558" blockId="170.[151,796,255,371]" box="[199,497,347,371]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFF05F13028C7E558" author="Brock, P. D. &amp; Buscher, T. H." box="[199,493,347,371]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref325523" refString="Brock, P. D. &amp; Buscher, T. H. (2022) Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. Phasmids. N. A. P. Editions, Verrieres le Buisson, 609 pp." type="book" year="2022">Brock &amp; Büscher, 2022: 510</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF0AD8CFFF55F1CA2B18E630" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF55F1CA2BA0E590" blockId="170.[151,650,417,446]" box="[151,650,417,446]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF55F1CA2BA0E590" bold="true" box="[151,650,417,446]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
Further material examined [
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF0AD8CFFE29F1CA2B01E595" box="[491,555,417,446]" count="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF0AD8CFFDFBF1CA2B56E590" box="[569,636,417,443]" count="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="egg">1 egg</specimenCount>
]:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF55F18D2B18E630" blockId="170.[151,1436,485,540]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF0AD8CFFF55F18D2B04E630" collectionCode="FH" collectorName="Sanchez Gustavo" country="Venezuela" elevation="800" location="Henry Pittier National Park" municipality="Venezuela" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-egg="1" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Aragua">
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF0AD8CFFF55F18D2818E5D5" box="[151,306,486,510]" name="Venezuela" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF0AD8CFFEFCF18E2850E5D6" box="[318,378,485,509]" count="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF0AD8CFFE4BF18E28E9E5D5" box="[393,451,485,510]" count="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="egg">1 egg</specimenCount>
(ex ovipositor):
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FACB5FF0AD8CFFDB6F18E2BF5E5D6" box="[628,735,485,509]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Venezuela</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF0AD8CFFD28F18D2A59E5D6" box="[746,883,485,510]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Aragua State</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E8B6014FF0AD8CFFC42F18D2D8AE5D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF0AD8CFFF55F0FD2838E35F:8E8B6014FF0AD8CFFC42F18D2D8AE5D6" box="[896,1184,485,510]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Venezuela" name="Henry Pittier National Park" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Aragua">Henry Pittier National Park</location>
, c.
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF0AD8CFFB05F18E2C26E5D6" box="[1223,1292,485,509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="0079D1FCFF0AD8CFFB05F18E2C26E5D6" box="[1223,1292,485,509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26A15319FF0AD8CFFA8AF18E2831E637" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Sanchez Gustavo</collectorName>
[
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF0AD8CFFEEAF26F2867E630" box="[296,333,516,539]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">FH</collectionCode>
, No’s 0606–1, 2 &amp; E]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF0AD8CFFF55F22129EBE2B7" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF55F22128C4E08F" blockId="170.[151,1437,586,1908]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF55F2212838E64F" bold="true" box="[151,274,586,612]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of this species (the only sex known) are very similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFBA7F22029F3E6A3" authority="(Olivier, 1792)" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Paraphanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keratosqueleton">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFBA7F2202C1FE64F" box="[1125,1333,586,612]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">P. keratosqueleton</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFA87F22129FAE6A3" author="Olivier, A. G." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref331469" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1792) Encyclopedie Methodique, Entomologie, ou par Ordre de Martieres; par un Societe de Gens de Lettres, de Savans et d´Artistes. Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, Insectes. Vol. 7. Chez Panckoucke, Imprimeur-Libraire, hotel de Thou, rue des Poitevins, Paris, 827 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82248" type="book" year="1792">Olivier, 1792</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Lesser Antilles and
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFDE9F2042BB5E6A3" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[555,671,623,648]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muticus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFDE9F2042BB5E6A3" box="[555,671,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">P. muticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Brunner
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFCD7F2042ADBE6A3" authority=", 1907" authorityName="" authorityYear="1907" box="[789,1009,622,649]" pageId="170" pageNumber="250" rank="variety" variety="wattenwyl">
v.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFCF2F2052ADBE6A3" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C." box="[816,1009,622,648]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="181 - 340" refId="ref325839" refString="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. II. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 181 - 340, pls. 7 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1907">Wattenwyl, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF0AD8CFFBFDF2052C04E6A3" box="[1087,1326,622,648]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
. It differs from both species however by the scarcely longer median segment, much more pronounced node-like tubercles of the thorax, less distinct praeopercular organ, that is only formed by two obtuse verrucose swellings close to posterior margin of abdominal sternum VII (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF0AD8CFFDEBF2B12BB9E6DF" box="[553,659,730,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="412.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,181,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-22@412.[151,1435,181,1701]" captionTargetPageId="412" captionText="FIGURE 92. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀: A. Phanocles berezini sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; C. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) HT [MNHN]; D. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; E. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Dominica [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) Trinidad [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; G. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [ZMUH]; H. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. Not in scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071692/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 92C</figureCitation>
); a pair of prominent, obtusely conical swellings in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFB2BF2B12CB6E6DF" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1257,1436,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Paraphanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keratosqueleton">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFB2BF2B12CB6E6DF" box="[1257,1436,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">keratosqueleton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and two spiniform projections in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFDD9F2942B58E733" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[539,626,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muticus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFDD9F2942B58E733" box="[539,626,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">muticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), rather angular posterolateral angles of the anal segment (rounded in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFF55F3492860E717" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,330,802,828]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Paraphanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keratosqueleton">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF55F3492860E717" box="[151,330,802,828]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">keratosqueleton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFEBDF34828FCE717" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[383,470,803,828]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muticus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFEBDF34828FCE717" box="[383,470,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">muticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and lower dorsal lobe of the basitarsi. The eggs (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF0AD8CFFBC2F3492D4AE717" box="[1024,1120,802,828]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="419.[151,250,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,197,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-17@419.[151,1435,181,1674]" captionTargetPageId="419" captionText="FIGURE 99. Eggs (in scale): A. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002; C. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles rehni sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; L. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Martinique [coll. FH]; N. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071709/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 99P</figureCitation>
) readily differ from those of both species by the plain dark ochre capsule and dark brown opercular excrescence. From those of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFB2BF32D2CB6E74B" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1257,1436,838,864]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Paraphanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keratosqueleton">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFB2BF32D2CB6E74B" box="[1257,1436,838,864]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">keratosqueleton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they also differ by the larger dimensions, more prominently punctured and plain ochre capsule, more elongate and slenderer micropylar plate and higher opercular excrescence (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF0AD8CFFC47F3E52AC2E783" box="[901,1000,910,936]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="419.[151,250,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,197,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-17@419.[151,1435,181,1674]" captionTargetPageId="419" captionText="FIGURE 99. Eggs (in scale): A. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002; C. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles rehni sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; L. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Martinique [coll. FH]; N. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071709/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 99P</figureCitation>
) and from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFB0EF3E42C09E783" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1228,1315,911,936]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muticus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFB0EF3E42C09E783" box="[1228,1315,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">muticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the pits of the capsule notably less numerous and less deep as well as the proportionally longer micropylar plate (only about two-thirds the length of capsule in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFD72F3BC2A2DE7DB" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[688,775,983,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muticus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFD72F3BC2A2DE7DB" box="[688,775,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">muticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). From the similar
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFC24F3BC2DB5E7DB" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle, 2024" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[998,1183,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbadosense" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFC24F3BC2DB5E7DB" box="[998,1183,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">P. barbadosense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFB65F3BD2DC2E7DB" bold="true" box="[1191,1256,982,1008]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357A6FF0AD8CFFB65F3BD2DC2E7DB" box="[1191,1256,982,1008]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from the island of
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF0AD8CFFF7AF391280FE03F" box="[184,293,1018,1044]" name="Barbados" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Barbados</collectingCountry>
, the
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF0AD8CFFE9FF39028ADE03E" box="[349,391,1019,1045]" count="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
of this species differ by the slenderer shape, not prominently raised anterior margin of the pronotum, obtuse cephalic horns (laterally compressed with the anterior margin dentate in
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFB61F4752C11E013" box="[1187,1339,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">barbasosense</emphasis>
), longer median segment (roughly equal in length to metanotum in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFC88F4292ACCE077" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[842,998,1090,1116]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbadosense">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFC88F4292ACCE077" box="[842,998,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">barbadosense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and different praeopercular organ (a shallow posteromedian swelling and somewhat deflexed and rounded apex of the two lateral longitudinal carinae of sternum VII in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFE81F4E128F5E08F" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[323,479,1162,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbadosense">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFE81F4E128F5E08F" box="[323,479,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">barbadosense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF05F4C52B50E0C7" blockId="170.[151,1437,586,1908]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF05F4C52851E0E3" bold="true" box="[199,379,1198,1224]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
Egg (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF0AD8CFFEC4F4C52847E0E3" box="[262,365,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="419.[151,250,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,197,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-17@419.[151,1435,181,1674]" captionTargetPageId="419" captionText="FIGURE 99. Eggs (in scale): A. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002; C. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles rehni sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; L. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Martinique [coll. FH]; N. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071709/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 99P</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF0AD8CFFE41F4C52B5CE0C7" collectionCode="FH" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
One fully developed egg could be removed from the ovipositor of one of the
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF0AD8CFFB36F4C42C34E0E2" box="[1268,1310,1199,1225]" count="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
in the first author’s collection (coll.
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF0AD8CFFE72F4B828FCE0C6" box="[432,470,1235,1261]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">FH</collectionCode>
, No. 0606–E)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF05F49D28A2E27F" blockId="170.[151,1437,586,1908]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fairly large for the genus, shape ovoid with the polar-area flattened and the dorsal egg surface strongly convex in the anterior portion; oval in cross-section. Capsule surface very minutely granulose and prominently punctured all over, the pits fairly large but rather shallow and undefined; surface otherwise slightly glossy. Micropylar plate elongate, slender and about three-quarters as long as capsule; almost 6x longer than wide. Median portion of micropylar plate gently constricted, the posterior end broadened and rounded; surface slightly inflated and wholly convex. Micropylar cup moderately distinct. Median line short, moderately distinct and not reaching to polar-area. Operculum oval and with a hollow, raised structure that is fairly typical for the genus and formed by excrescences of the outer margin; shape roundly conical with the lateral surface almost smooth and the height almost corresponding to one-third of capsule length. Colour of capsule fairly plain ochre, the micropylar plate reddish mid brown, opercular structure dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF05F63429EBE2B7" blockId="170.[151,1437,586,1908]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Measurements [mm]: length incl. capitulum 4.8, length 3.6, width 2.1, height 2.7, length of micropylar plate 2.3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF0AD8CFFF05F6CD2838E35F" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF0AD8CFFF05F6CD2838E35F" blockId="170.[151,1437,586,1908]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF05F6CD2865E2EB" bold="true" box="[199,335,1702,1728]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Comments.</emphasis>
The
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF0AD8CFFE53F6CC28C5E2EA" box="[401,495,1703,1729]" count="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="female">two ♀♀</specimenCount>
in the first author’s collection (coll. FH) match fairly well with the
<typeStatus id="54EF886DFF0AD8CFFADAF6CD2C50E2EB" box="[1304,1402,1702,1728]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFF55F6A02B11E2CF" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,571,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Bacteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaperi">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFF55F6A0287FE2CF" box="[151,341,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Bacteria chaperi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFE9EF6A12B11E2CF" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[348,571,1738,1764]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">
Redtenbacher,
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF0AD8CFFDC1F6A12B11E2CF" box="[515,571,1738,1764]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8463199999999995" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="in" value="1908.0">1908</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the collection of MNHN, except for being somewhat larger (body lengths excluding the subgenital plate 152.0 mm and 159.0 mm). Unfortunately, both specimens have the subgenital plate broken off but they represent the first definite locality for this rarely known species. Males are as yet unknown, but it is not unlikely that they are represented by
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF0AD8CFFD7CF75D2D10E37B" authority="(Redtenbacher, 1908)" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[702,1082,1846,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF0AD8CFFD7CF75D2A6BE37B" box="[702,833,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ph. obtusus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF0AD8CFFC8DF75D2D1BE37B" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[847,1073,1846,1872]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which was also described from
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF0AD8CFFF55F7312824E35F" box="[151,270,1882,1908]" name="Venezuela" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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