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<mods:title id="7891ED92C55200AC4E278B7982ECD905">A new species of grass fern, Schizaea erecta (Schizaeaceae), from Dinagat Island, Mindanao, Philippines</mods:title>
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<location id="8E8B600053420323A95EFD323F2ACFF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87CD53420326ABCCFDA03F0ACED8:8E8B600053420323A95EFD323F2ACFF9" box="[538,617,704,725]" country="Philippines" name="Guiang." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" stateProvince="Dinagat Islands">Guiang.</location>
3003
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54EF887953420323A9EFFD323E42CFFA" box="[683,769,704,726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED45AE1E53420323A842FD323E7ECFF9" box="[774,829,704,725]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" name="National Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="Herbarium">PNH</collectionCode>
!, isotypes 
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!, 
<collectionCode id="ED45AE1E53420323A8BFFD323979CFF9" box="[1019,1082,704,725]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15843" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15843" name="Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="Herbarium">BRIT</collectionCode>
!)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E655053420323ABCCFCF03E7AC93F" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53420323ABCCFCF03E7AC93F" blockId="2.[136,1452,770,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABCCFCF03C46CE30" bold="true" box="[136,261,770,796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323AA65FCF03C90CE30" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[289,467,770,796]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323AA65FCF03C90CE30" box="[289,467,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Schizaea erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323A913FCF13FAFCE30" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753: 1068) Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[599,748,770,797]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A913FCF13FAFCE30" box="[599,748,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having hairy rhizomes, dimorphic fronds, stipes with a t-shaped xylem strand, laminae fan-shaped and branching dichotomously, stomata hypocytic, sorophores pinnately arranged in 2 rows, and sporangia with long non-glandular hairs, but differs by having a rhizome with short-appressed brown hairs (vs. long, coarse brown hairs), the stipe longer and up to 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A8D4FC9E3EAACEAB" box="[912,1001,876,903]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="26.6">26.6 cm</quantity>
long with a narrow groove (vs. up to 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AECBFC9E3DE9CE86" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
long and deeply grooved), fronds 3–5 times branching dichotomously (vs. 6–8 times branching), narrower (
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AE36FC7D3DE9CEE1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 cm</quantity>
long by 2.0– 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AA7BFC403CC8CEE1" box="[319,395,946,973]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
wide), and consistently erect fronds (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A81EFC403EDCCEE1" box="[858,927,946,973]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
long by 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AF47FC41390BCEE1" box="[1027,1096,947,973]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
wide, not erect), sorophores up to 39 per stipe with 12–16 lobes alternately arranged (vs. up to 34 with 5–10 lobes oppositely arranged), and sporangia oblong with long white hairs (vs. reniform with brown hairs).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E655053420323ABF9FBEE3C4EC8F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53420323ABF9FBEE3C4EC8F0" blockId="2.[136,1452,770,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABF9FBEE3C04C91A" bold="true" box="[189,327,1052,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Description</emphasis>
:—Terrestrial, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AAABFBEE3F23C91B" box="[495,608,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A9E8FBEE3E54C91A" box="[684,791,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Rhizomes</emphasis>
short creeping, 1.5–5.0 cm below ground, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AE4FFBEE3820C91B" box="[1291,1379,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
thick, covered with persistent shiny brown appressed hairs 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A993FBCD3E77C976" box="[727,820,1087,1114]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A83EFBCD3E89C975" box="[890,970,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Fronds</emphasis>
dimorphic, crowded, irregularly branched; 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABCCFB903C6BC950" box="[136,296,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sterile fronds:</emphasis>
erect, stipes distinct, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A962FB903F81C951" box="[550,706,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.255" metricValueMax="2.66" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="22.55" valueMax="26.6" valueMin="18.5">18.5–26.6 cm</quantity>
long, base partly buried in ground, blackish and becoming light green in upper portion, slightly winged at middle to distinctly winged at apex, with shallow groove and scattered short hairs; laminae fan-shaped, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AAB0FB5B3F16C9EF" box="[500,597,1193,1220]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9–15 cm</quantity>
long and each axis 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A875FB5B3E31C9EF" box="[817,882,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, whole laminae 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AF23FB5B39F9C9EF" box="[1127,1210,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
wide, costae distinct, branching dichotomously 3–5 times; 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A96CFB3E3FFAC9CA" box="[552,697,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">fertile fronds</emphasis>
erect, stipes 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A80EFB3E3EFBC9CB" box="[842,952,1228,1255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="19.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="11.0">11–27 cm</quantity>
long, tetragonal in transection and distinctly winged in upper portion; lamina fan-shaped, 8–14 × 2.0– 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A85CFB1D3E2BC826" box="[792,872,1263,1290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
, branching dichotomously 3–5 times, basal branch slightly flattened, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AA17FAE13CF3C801" box="[339,432,1299,1325]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
wide, distal branch up to 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A996FAE03E6BC801" box="[722,808,1298,1325]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide with scattered small projections (bases of glandular hairs). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323AB9DFAC43C1BC87C" box="[217,344,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Sorophores</emphasis>
born distally of each branch of frond, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A860FAC73ED1C87C" box="[804,914,1333,1360]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 mm</quantity>
long, 24–39 per stipe, bearing 12–16 pairs of lobes, pinnately arranged in 2 rows and opposite in arrangement. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A836FAAB3EA4C85F" box="[882,999,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Sporangia</emphasis>
in two rows associated with long white non-glandular hairs, with opposite to alternate arrangement, loosely arranged at base and tightly packed in upper part, oblong with short stout stalk, brown, annulus apical, opening by a vertical slit. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323AF44FA523908C896" box="[1024,1099,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Spores</emphasis>
monolete and reniform, 37 µm in diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E655053420323ABF9FA143FA6CB0F" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53420323ABF9FA143EBCCB2C" blockId="2.[136,1452,770,1959]" box="[189,1023,1510,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABF9FA143C7DCB2C" bold="true" box="[189,318,1510,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet refers to the erect fronds of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53420323ABF9F9FB3FA6CB0F" blockId="2.[136,1452,770,1959]" box="[189,741,1545,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABF9F9FB3F52CB0F" bold="true" box="[189,529,1545,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Suggested common name:—</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="4990F83953420323A954F9FB3F2ACB0F" box="[528,617,1545,1571]" country="Philippines" name="Dinagat Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Dinagat</collectingRegion>
grass fern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E655053420323ABF9F9DE38D2CA8A" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53420323ABF9F9DE3FBFCBF8" blockId="2.[136,1452,770,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABF9F9DE3CAECB6A" bold="true" box="[189,493,1580,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323A94DF9DE3FF9CB6A" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[521,698,1580,1606]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A94DF9DE3FF9CB6A" box="[521,698,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Schizaea erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from open habitat at 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323AF1AF9DE39DACB6B" box="[1118,1177,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</quantity>
elevation. It grows as a terrestrial plant in colonies with rhizomes growing below the ground in ultramafic soil associated with plants such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323ABCCF9813E38CBA1" authority="(Burman 1768: 235) Underwood (1907: 250)" authorityName="Underwood" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1907" baseAuthorityName="Burman" baseAuthorityPageNumber="235" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[136,891,1650,1677]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" genus="Dicranopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABCCF9813CC2CBA0" box="[136,385,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Dicranopteris linearis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323AACAF9813F23CBA1" author="Burman, N. L." box="[398,608,1650,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref3962" refString="Burman, N. L. (1768) Flora Indica. C. Haak, Leiden, 241 pp." type="book" year="1768">Burman 1768: 235</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323A92AF9803E38CBA1" author="Underwood, L. M." box="[622,891,1650,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="243 - 262" refId="ref4816" refString="Underwood, L. M. (1907) American ferns - VIII. A preliminary review of the North American Gleicheniaceae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 34: 243 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2560334" type="journal article" year="1907">Underwood (1907: 250)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323A8C3F9813CE0CB9C" authority="(Linnaeus 1759: 878) Palisot de Beauvois (1812: 165)" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityPageNumber="165" authorityYear="1812" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityPageNumber="878" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A8C3F9813926CBA0" box="[903,1125,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Imperata cylindrica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323AF36F9803812CBA1" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1138,1361,1650,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref4365" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1759) Systema Naturae Ed. 10. L. Salvius, Stockholm (Holmia), 1384 pp." type="book" year="1759">Linnaeus 1759: 878</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323AE1BF9803CE0CB9C" author="Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref4498" refString="Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J. (1812) Essai d'une nouvelle agrostographie. Fain, Paris, 182 pp." type="book" year="1812">Palisot de Beauvois (1812: 165)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323AAEBF9643F54CB9C" box="[431,535,1686,1712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323AAEBF9643CAECB83" box="[431,493,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Piper</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323A961F964391CCB9C" authority="(Linnaeus 1753: 1075) Kuhn" authorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityPageNumber="1075" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[549,1119,1685,1712]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquilinum">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A961F9643E4CCB9C" box="[549,783,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Pteridium aquilinum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323A85BF9643953CB9C" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[799,1040,1685,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref4343" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm (Holmia), 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus 1753: 1075</bibRefCitation>
) Kuhn
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323AFC2F9643818CB9C" author="Decken, C. C. von der" box="[1158,1371,1686,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref3983" refString="Decken, C. C. von der. (1879) Reisen in Ost-Afrika in 1859 - 1861, Bd. 3, Abt. 3 Botanik. Leipzig, 91 pp." type="book" year="1879">Decken (1879: 11)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323AE2CF9643C8CCBFF" authority="Linnaeus (1767: 130)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="1767" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cretica">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323AE2CF9643D96CBFF" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Pteris cretica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323AB98F94B3C8CCBFF" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[220,463,1721,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref4390" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) Mantissa Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm (Holmia), 142 pp." type="book" year="1767">Linnaeus (1767: 130)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323A94EF94B3F3ECBFF" box="[522,637,1721,1747]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323A94EF94B3F15CBFF" box="[522,598,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Smilax</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A5E53420323A9C8F94B3FADCBF8" box="[652,750,1721,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,812,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-41@5.[152,1436,802,1754]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habit and habitat of Schizaea erecta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406847/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53420323ABF9F92E38D2CA8A" blockId="2.[136,1452,770,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323ABF9F92E3C91CBDA" bold="true" box="[189,466,1756,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Conservation Status:—</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="4990F83953420323AA96F92E3F68CBDA" box="[466,555,1756,1782]" country="Philippines" name="Dinagat Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Dinagat</collectingRegion>
Island was identified as a critical terrestrial conservation priority in the 
<collectingCountry id="F343764B53420323AE69F92E38E8CBDA" box="[1325,1451,1756,1782]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323ABD4F90D3C09CA35" author="Ong, P. S. &amp; Afuang, L. E. &amp; Rosell-Ambal, R. G." box="[144,330,1791,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref4412" refString="Ong, P. S., Afuang, L. E. &amp; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. (2002) Philippine biodiversity conservation priorities: a second iteration of the national biodiversity strategy and action plan. Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau, Conservation International Philippines, Biodiversity Conservation Program - University of the Philippines Center for Integrative Development Studies, and Foundation for the Philippine Environment, Quezon City, Philippines, 23 pp." type="book" year="2002">
Ong 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323AB8CF8F23DBBCA35" box="[200,248,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). Logging, mining, and land conversion threaten the entire island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53420323AF6EF90D3991CA35" author="Haribon" box="[1066,1234,1791,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref4017" refString="Haribon (2004) Technical report: Mts. Kambinliw &amp; Redondo, Loreto, Dinagat Island, Surigao del Norte. Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural Resources, Inc., 140 Kalayaan Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines 1101, 69 pp." type="book" year="2004">Haribon, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853420323AFA0F90D38D1CA35" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[1252,1426,1791,1817]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953420323AFA0F90D38D1CA35" box="[1252,1426,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Schizaea erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only within the Paragua forest, Municipality of Tubajon, with an estimated number of 30 individuals growing in just one open area near agricultural land. The habitat is prone to land conversion because of nearby residential areas. Thus, we recommend listing the species as critically endangered based on its restricted population with ≤ 50 mature individuals and the extent of occurrence estimated to be ≤ 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53420323A853F87E3E1DCA8A" box="[791,862,1932,1958]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C219B9353420323A819F87E3E26CAB6" attach="left" box="[861,869,1932,1946]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">2</superScript>
(IUCN Standards and Petition Committee 2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2B665353430322ABCCF8DA3CCFCA86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406841/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" startId="3.[136,229,1832,1854]" targetBox="[152,1434,190,1806]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53430322ABCCF8DA3CCFCA86" blockId="3.[136,1452,1832,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322ABCCF8DA3DBCCA11" bold="true" box="[136,255,1832,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322AA42F8DA3CE6CA12" box="[262,421,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853430322AA42F8DA3CE2CA12" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[262,417,1832,1854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">Schizaea erecta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322AAE8F8DA3C80CA11" bold="true" box="[428,451,1832,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">A.</emphasis>
Habit showing erect axis. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322A98EF8DA3FA3CA11" bold="true" box="[714,736,1832,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">B.</emphasis>
Short-creeping rhizome. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322A89EF8DA3EB2CA12" bold="true" box="[986,1009,1832,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">C.</emphasis>
Dichotomous branching of lamina. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322AE17F8DA3828CA11" bold="true" box="[1363,1387,1832,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">D.</emphasis>
Distal branch showing scattered projections of glandular hairs. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322A9EEF8BE3F83CA4D" bold="true" box="[682,704,1868,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">E.</emphasis>
Bases of glandular hairs. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322A8FFF8BE3E8ECA4D" bold="true" box="[955,973,1868,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">F.</emphasis>
Sorophore. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322AF00F8BE391ECA4E" bold="true" box="[1092,1117,1868,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">G.</emphasis>
Lobes of sorophore showing the 2 rows of oblong sporangia with long white non-glandular hairs, and spore (inset). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953430322A8E4F8823EFACAA9" bold="true" box="[928,953,1904,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">H.</emphasis>
Dehisced sporangia showing vertical slit and long, white, non-glandular hairs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B665353440325ABCCF8AF39FCCAF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" startId="4.[136,229,1885,1907]" targetBox="[237,1351,228,1822]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53440325ABCCF8AF39FCCAF3" blockId="4.[136,1452,1885,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325ABCCF8AF3C42CA5E" bold="true" box="[136,257,1885,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325AA4EF8AF3CE8CA5F" box="[266,427,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853440325AA4EF8AF3CE4CA5F" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[266,423,1885,1907]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">Schizaea erecta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Habit (A) and anatomy (B–J): 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325A9AFF8AF3E40CA5E" bold="true" box="[747,771,1885,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">A.</emphasis>
Habit. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325A815F8AF3E24CA5E" bold="true" box="[849,871,1885,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">B.</emphasis>
Rhizome (c—cortex). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325AF0AF8AF3925CA5F" bold="true" box="[1102,1126,1885,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">C.</emphasis>
Basal Stipe (ocs—outer cortical sclerenchyma, ics—inner cortical slerenchyma, x—xylem, ph—phloem). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325A818F8733E37CABA" bold="true" box="[860,884,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">D.</emphasis>
Middle stipe (g—groove). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325AFC0F87339D8CABA" bold="true" box="[1156,1179,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">E.</emphasis>
Apical stipe (w—wing). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325AEDDF87338E8CABA" bold="true" box="[1433,1451,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">F.</emphasis>
Lamina (1st branch) (c—costa). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325AA8CF8573CA2CA97" bold="true" box="[456,481,1957,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">G.</emphasis>
Lamina (2nd branch) (m—mesophyll, e—epidermis, h—hypodermis, x—xylem, ph—phloem). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325AED7F85738EFCA96" bold="true" box="[1427,1452,1957,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">H.</emphasis>
Lamina (3rd branch). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325AA1FF83B3C29CAF2" bold="true" box="[347,362,1993,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">I.</emphasis>
Lamina (4th branch) (gc—guard cells, is—intercellular spaces). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953440325A89FF83B3EAECAF2" bold="true" box="[987,1005,1993,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">J.</emphasis>
Lamina (5th branch).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B665353450324ABCCFD013816CE24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406845" box="[136,1365,755,777]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406845/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" startId="5.[136,229,755,777]" targetBox="[171,1421,204,718]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53450324ABCCFD013816CE24" blockId="5.[136,1365,755,777]" box="[136,1365,755,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324ABCCFD013DBDCE24" bold="true" box="[136,254,755,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324AA47FD013CE2CE24" box="[259,417,755,776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853450324AA47FD013CDECE24" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[259,413,755,776]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">Schizaea erecta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324AAE2FD013CFECE24" bold="true" box="[422,445,755,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">A.</emphasis>
Single row of stomata on each side the of costa. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324A8D0FD013EE9CE24" bold="true" box="[916,938,755,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">B.</emphasis>
Hypocytic stomata (c—costa; st—stomata).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B665353450324ABCCF9013F25CA24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406847" box="[136,614,1779,1801]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406847/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" startId="5.[136,229,1779,1801]" targetBox="[172,1418,812,1745]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53450324ABCCF9013F25CA24" blockId="5.[136,614,1779,1801]" box="[136,614,1779,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324ABCCF9013DBECA24" bold="true" box="[136,253,1779,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Habit and habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853450324AA8DF9013F21CA24" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[457,610,1779,1800]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">Schizaea erecta</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34E655053450326ABF9F8C53F0ACED8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53450327ABF9F8C53CE9CDF0" blockId="5.[136,1452,1847,2090]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1451,158,220]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324ABF9F8C53C78CA7D" bold="true" box="[189,315,1847,1873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">Discussion</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324AA05F8C53F4CCA7D" box="[321,527,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853450324AA1BF8C53F4CCA7D" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[351,527,1847,1873]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">Schizaea erecta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853450324A9ADF8CA3E3DCA7D" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753: 1068) Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[745,894,1847,1874]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324A9ADF8CA3E3DCA7D" box="[745,894,1847,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based upon descriptions of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53450324AF8DF8C53839CA7E" author="Holttum, R. E." box="[1225,1402,1847,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" pagination="37 - 61" refId="ref4119" refString="Holttum, R. E. (1959) Schizaeaceae. Flora Malesiana Series 2, Pteridophyta 1 (1): 37 - 61." type="journal article" year="1959">Holttum (1959)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53450324ABCCF8A93CC5CA59" author="Sofiyanti, N. &amp; Iriani, D. &amp; Fitmawati" box="[136,390,1883,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" pagination="2651 - 2660" refId="ref4745" refString="Sofiyanti, N., Iriani, D. &amp; Fitmawati (2019) The first record of grass-like fern, Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. Sm. (Schizaeaceae) from Lingga Island, Indonesia: Its morphological, anatomical and palynological study. Biodiversitas 20 (9): 2651 - 2660. https: // doi. org / 10.13057 / biodiv / d 200930" type="journal article" year="2019">
Sofiyanti 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324ABB3F8AE3C72CA59" box="[247,305,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
, and examination of JSTOR 
<typeStatus id="54EF887953450324A99CF8AE3E4BCA5A" box="[728,776,1884,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">type</typeStatus>
images and Co’s Digital Flora of the 
<collectingCountry id="F343764B53450324AFF3F8A93876CA59" box="[1207,1333,1883,1909]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="C6D6036053450324AE01F8A938D9CA59" box="[1349,1434,1883,1909]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,224,268,292]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of the morphological characters differentiating Schizaea dichotoma and Schizaea erecta." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2B665353460327ABCCFEFE3878CC08" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" tableUuid="DF2B665353460327ABCCFEFE3878CC08">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The species share nearly the same height and the presence of hairs on their rhizomes. Their fronds are dimorphic with fan-shaped lamina which branch dichotomously, they both have hypocytic stomata, and they both possess two rows of sorophores. However, the new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853450324A9A0F83A3E35CACD" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753: 1068) Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[740,886,1991,2018]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324A9A0F83A3E35CACD" box="[740,886,1991,2018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having rhizome hairs 1.0– 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53450324AFF9F8353850CACE" box="[1213,1299,1991,2018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
long (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAC9B3E53450324AEC5F8353DF6C529" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A5E53450324AB88F8193C02C529" box="[204,321,2027,2053]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,190,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schizaea erecta. A. Habit showing erect axis. B. Short-creeping rhizome. C. Dichotomous branching of lamina. D. Distal branch showing scattered projections of glandular hairs. E. Bases of glandular hairs. F. Sorophore. G. Lobes of sorophore showing the 2 rows of oblong sporangia with long white non-glandular hairs, and spore (inset). H. Dehisced sporangia showing vertical slit and long, white, non-glandular hairs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406841/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
); sterile fronds branching dichotomously 4–5 times (vs. 6–8 times) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A5E53450324AF05F81939FBC529" box="[1089,1208,2027,2053]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,190,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schizaea erecta. A. Habit showing erect axis. B. Short-creeping rhizome. C. Dichotomous branching of lamina. D. Distal branch showing scattered projections of glandular hairs. E. Bases of glandular hairs. F. Sorophore. G. Lobes of sorophore showing the 2 rows of oblong sporangia with long white non-glandular hairs, and spore (inset). H. Dehisced sporangia showing vertical slit and long, white, non-glandular hairs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406841/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
). Further, the frond is consistently erect whereas that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853450324A947F7E23FD6C505" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753: 1068) Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[515,661,2063,2090]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324A947F7E23FD6C505" box="[515,661,2063,2090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not erect (
<figureCitation id="136F2A5E53450324A861F7FD3EDFC505" box="[805,924,2063,2089]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,190,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schizaea erecta. A. Habit showing erect axis. B. Short-creeping rhizome. C. Dichotomous branching of lamina. D. Distal branch showing scattered projections of glandular hairs. E. Bases of glandular hairs. F. Sorophore. G. Lobes of sorophore showing the 2 rows of oblong sporangia with long white non-glandular hairs, and spore (inset). H. Dehisced sporangia showing vertical slit and long, white, non-glandular hairs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406841/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
). The sorophore of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853450324AF32F7E23994C505" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[1142,1239,2064,2090]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="5" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953450324AF32F7E23994C505" box="[1142,1239,2064,2090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="270">S. erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 12–16 pairs of lobes whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853460327AA69FF6D3CFCCD94" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753: 1068) Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[301,447,158,185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AA69FF6D3CFCCD94" box="[301,447,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 5–10 pairs. The sporangia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853460327A87FFF6D3EDFCD94" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[827,924,159,185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327A87FFF6D3EDFCD94" box="[827,924,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">S. erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are oblong whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853460327AFC0FF6D3855CD94" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753: 1068) Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[1156,1302,158,185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AFC0FF6D3855CD94" box="[1156,1302,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has reniform sporangia (
<figureCitation id="136F2A5E53460327AA47FF303CDDCDF0" box="[259,414,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,190,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schizaea erecta. A. Habit showing erect axis. B. Short-creeping rhizome. C. Dichotomous branching of lamina. D. Distal branch showing scattered projections of glandular hairs. E. Bases of glandular hairs. F. Sorophore. G. Lobes of sorophore showing the 2 rows of oblong sporangia with long white non-glandular hairs, and spore (inset). H. Dehisced sporangia showing vertical slit and long, white, non-glandular hairs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406841/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Figure 2G, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B665353460327ABCCFEFE3878CC08" ID-Table-UUID="DF2B665353460327ABCCFEFE3878CC08" box="[136,1339,268,292]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2B665353460327ABCCFEFE3878CC08" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" startId="6.[136,224,268,292]" targetBox="[144,1444,313,2072]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53460327ABCCFEFE3878CC08" blockId="6.[136,1339,268,292]" box="[136,1339,268,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327ABCCFEFE3DB8CC08" bold="true" box="[136,251,268,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of the morphological characters differentiating 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853460327A8C7FEFE391ACC08" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753: 1068) Smith" authorityYear="1793" box="[899,1113,268,292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327A8C7FEFE391ACC08" box="[899,1113,268,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Schizaea dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853460327AFC8FEFE3877CC08" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[1164,1332,268,292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AFC8FEFE3877CC08" box="[1164,1332,268,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Schizaea erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53460327ABD4FEBE3877C534" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<table id="F954C47B5346FCDEABD4FECB38E7C534" box="[144,1444,313,2072]" gridcols="4" gridrows="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FECB38E7CC58" box="[144,1444,313,372]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FECB3C22CC58" box="[144,353,313,372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327ABD4FEBE3C40CC4E" bold="true" box="[144,259,332,354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FECB3FECCC58" box="[381,687,313,372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853460327AA39FEC83FECCC58" authority="(Sofiyanti &amp; Fitmawati, 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Sofiyanti &amp; Fitmawati" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AA39FEC83FECCC58" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AA39FEC83CBCCC63" bold="true" box="[381,511,313,335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53460327AAC0FEAC3FEBCC58" author="Sofiyanti, N. &amp; Iriani, D. &amp; Fitmawati" box="[388,680,350,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" pagination="2651 - 2660" refId="ref4745" refString="Sofiyanti, N., Iriani, D. &amp; Fitmawati (2019) The first record of grass-like fern, Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. Sm. (Schizaeaceae) from Lingga Island, Indonesia: Its morphological, anatomical and palynological study. Biodiversitas 20 (9): 2651 - 2660. https: // doi. org / 10.13057 / biodiv / d 200930" type="journal article" year="2019">Sofiyanti &amp; Fitmawati, 2019</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FECB3947CC58" box="[709,1028,313,372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853460327A981FEC83E2BCC58" authority="(Holttum, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327A981FEC83E2BCC58" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327A981FEC83E05CC63" bold="true" box="[709,838,313,335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53460327A988FEAC3E22CC58" author="Holttum, R. E." box="[716,865,350,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271" pagination="37 - 61" refId="ref4119" refString="Holttum, R. E. (1959) Schizaeaceae. Flora Malesiana Series 2, Pteridophyta 1 (1): 37 - 61." type="journal article" year="1959">Holttum, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FECB38E7CC58" box="[1045,1444,313,372]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AF51FEB939ECCC4D" bold="true" box="[1045,1199,331,353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Schizaea erecta</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FE7D38E7CC89" box="[144,1444,399,421]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FE7D3C22CC89" box="[144,353,399,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Height (cm)</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FE7D3FECCC89" box="[381,687,399,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AA39FE623CD8CC89" box="[381,411,400,421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">ca.</emphasis>
35–45
</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FE7D3947CC89" box="[709,1028,399,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FE7D38E7CC89" box="[1045,1444,399,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">30–50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FE4D38E7CCD5" box="[144,1444,447,505]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FE4D3C22CCD5" box="[144,353,447,505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Rhizome</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FE4D3FECCCD5" box="[381,687,447,505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Short</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FE4D3947CCD5" box="[709,1028,447,505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Creeping, 3–6 cm below surface of ground</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FE4D38E7CCD5" box="[1045,1444,447,505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Short creeping, 0.3 mm thick, 1.5–5 cm below the surface of ground</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FDE638E7CF62" box="[144,1444,532,590]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FDE63C22CF62" box="[144,353,532,590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Rhizome hairs</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FDE63FECCF62" box="[381,687,532,590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Present</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FDE63947CF62" box="[709,1028,532,590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Present, coarse shiny brown, 2–3 mm long</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FDE638E7CF62" box="[1045,1444,532,590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Present, shiny brown, appressed, 1–2 mm long, covering entire rhizome</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FD9938E7CFAD" box="[144,1444,619,641]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FD9938E7CFAD" box="[144,1444,619,641]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327ABD4FD993C52CFAD" bold="true" box="[144,273,619,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Sterile frond</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FD5238E7CF9A" box="[144,1444,672,694]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FD523C22CF9A" box="[144,353,672,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Length of stipes (cm)</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FD523FECCF9A" box="[381,687,672,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AA39FD533CD8CF9A" box="[381,411,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">ca.</emphasis>
15–20
</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FD523947CF9A" box="[709,1028,672,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FD5238E7CF9A" box="[1045,1444,672,694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">18.5–26.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FD2238E7CE26" box="[144,1444,720,778]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FD223C22CE26" box="[144,353,720,778]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Wing of stipes</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FD223FECCE26" box="[381,687,720,778]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Not winged</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FD223947CE26" box="[709,1028,720,778]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FD2238E7CE26" box="[1045,1444,720,778]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Slightly winged at the middle to distinctly winged at the apex</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FCD738E7CE17" box="[144,1444,805,827]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FCD73C22CE17" box="[144,353,805,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Size of lamina (cm)</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FCD73FECCE17" box="[381,687,805,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327AA39FCD43CD8CE17" box="[381,411,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">ca.</emphasis>
15 × 17
</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FCD73947CE17" box="[709,1028,805,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FCD738E7CE17" box="[1045,1444,805,827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">9–15 × 2–4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FCA738E7CE47" box="[144,1444,853,875]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FCA73C22CE47" box="[144,353,853,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Branching of lamina</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FCA73FECCE47" box="[381,687,853,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Dichotomously 6–8 times</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FCA73947CE47" box="[709,1028,853,875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FCA738E7CE47" box="[1045,1444,853,875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Dichotomously 4–5 times</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FC7938E7CE8D" box="[144,1444,907,929]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FC7938E7CE8D" box="[144,1444,907,929]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327ABD4FC793C50CE8D" bold="true" box="[144,275,907,929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Fertile frond</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FC3338E7CEF4" box="[144,1444,961,984]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FC333C22CEF4" box="[144,353,961,984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Length of stipes (cm)</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FC333FECCEF4" box="[381,687,961,984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Up to 20</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FC333947CEF4" box="[709,1028,961,984]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">15–30 (extremes 10–50)</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FC3338E7CEF4" box="[1045,1444,961,984]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">11–27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FC0038E7C907" box="[144,1444,1010,1067]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FC003C22C907" box="[144,353,1010,1067]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Winged stipe</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FC003FECC907" box="[381,687,1010,1067]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Narrowly present</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FC003947C907" box="[709,1028,1010,1067]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Narrowly winged towards apex</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FC0038E7C907" box="[1045,1444,1010,1067]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Distinctly winged towards apex with two grooves</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FBB438E7C970" box="[144,1444,1094,1116]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FBB43C22C970" box="[144,353,1094,1116]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Lamina orientation</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FBB43FECC970" box="[381,687,1094,1116]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Not erect</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FBB43947C970" box="[709,1028,1094,1116]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FBB438E7C970" box="[1045,1444,1094,1116]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Erect</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FB8538E7C9A1" box="[144,1444,1143,1165]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FB853C22C9A1" box="[144,353,1143,1165]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Size of lamina</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FB853FECC9A1" box="[381,687,1143,1165]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Up to 35 cm long</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FB853947C9A1" box="[709,1028,1143,1165]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">10–20 cm long &amp; wide</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FB8538E7C9A1" box="[1045,1444,1143,1165]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">8–14 cm long &amp; 2–4.5 cm wide</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FB5538E7C991" box="[144,1444,1191,1213]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FB553C22C991" box="[144,353,1191,1213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Branching of lamina</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FB553FECC991" box="[381,687,1191,1213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Dichotomously 6–8 times</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FB553947C991" box="[709,1028,1191,1213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Dichotomously 2–8 times</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FB5538E7C991" box="[1045,1444,1191,1213]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Dichotomously 3–5 times</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FB2538E7C9C1" box="[144,1444,1239,1261]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FB253C22C9C1" box="[144,353,1239,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Basal branches</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FB253FECC9C1" box="[381,687,1239,1261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FB253947C9C1" box="[709,1028,1239,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Like stipe</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FB2538E7C9C1" box="[1045,1444,1239,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Slightly flattened, 1–1.5 mm wide</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FAFA38E7C84A" box="[144,1444,1288,1382]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FAFA3C22C84A" box="[144,353,1288,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Distal branches</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FAFA3FECC84A" box="[381,687,1288,1382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FAFA3947C84A" box="[709,1028,1288,1382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Wings gradually wider, 1.5 mm wide, lacking prominent costa on lower surface</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FAFA38E7C84A" box="[1045,1444,1288,1382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Flattened, up to 0.5 mm wide, costa slightly prominent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FA7738E7C8B7" box="[144,1444,1413,1435]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FA7738E7C8B7" box="[144,1444,1413,1435]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327ABD4FA773DB8C8B7" bold="true" box="[144,251,1413,1435]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Sorophore</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4FA4838E7C8D8" box="[144,1444,1466,1524]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4FA483C22C8D8" box="[144,353,1466,1524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Length of sorophores</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39FA483FECC8D8" box="[381,687,1466,1524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981FA483947C8D8" box="[709,1028,1466,1524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Occupying the distal 3–5 mm of each branch of frond</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51FA4838E7C8D8" box="[1045,1444,1466,1524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Occupying the distal 5–12 mm long of each branch of frond</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F9FD38E7CB09" box="[144,1444,1551,1573]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F9FD3C22CB09" box="[144,353,1551,1573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No. of sorophores</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F9FD3FECCB09" box="[381,687,1551,1573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Up to 34 per stipe</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F9FD3947CB09" box="[709,1028,1551,1573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F9FD38E7CB09" box="[1045,1444,1551,1573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">24–39 per stipe</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F9BA38E7CB72" box="[144,1444,1608,1630]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F9BA38E7CB72" box="[144,1444,1608,1630]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327ABD4F9BA3C1BCB72" bold="true" box="[144,344,1608,1630]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Lobes of Sorophore</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F97338E7CBB4" box="[144,1444,1665,1688]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F9733C22CBB4" box="[144,353,1665,1688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No. of lobe pairs</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F9733FECCBB4" box="[381,687,1665,1688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">7</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F9733947CBB4" box="[709,1028,1665,1688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">5–10</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F97338E7CBB4" box="[1045,1444,1665,1688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">12–16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F94038E7CBE4" box="[144,1444,1714,1736]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F9403C22CBE4" box="[144,353,1714,1736]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Arrangement of lobes</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F9403FECCBE4" box="[381,687,1714,1736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Pinnate, alternate</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F9403947CBE4" box="[709,1028,1714,1736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F94038E7CBE4" box="[1045,1444,1714,1736]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Opposite</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F91538E7CBD1" box="[144,1444,1767,1789]" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F91538E7CBD1" box="[144,1444,1767,1789]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953460327ABD4F9153DBACBD1" bold="true" box="[144,249,1767,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Sporangia</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F8EE38E7CA1E" box="[144,1444,1820,1842]" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F8EE3C22CA1E" box="[144,353,1820,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Stalk</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F8EE3FECCA1E" box="[381,687,1820,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F8EE3947CA1E" box="[709,1028,1820,1842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F8EE38E7CA1E" box="[1045,1444,1820,1842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Short stout stalk</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F8BF38E7CA4F" box="[144,1444,1869,1891]" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F8BF3C22CA4F" box="[144,353,1869,1891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Shape and color</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F8BF3FECCA4F" box="[381,687,1869,1891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Reniform</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F8BF3947CA4F" box="[709,1028,1869,1891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F8BF38E7CA4F" box="[1045,1444,1869,1891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Oblong, brown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F88F38E7CABF" box="[144,1444,1917,1939]" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F88F3C22CABF" box="[144,353,1917,1939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Annulus position</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F88F3FECCABF" box="[381,687,1917,1939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F88F3947CABF" box="[709,1028,1917,1939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F88F38E7CABF" box="[1045,1444,1917,1939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Apical annulus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F85C38E7CAC4" box="[144,1444,1966,2024]" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F85C3C22CAC4" box="[144,353,1966,2024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Arrangement</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F85C3FECCAC4" box="[381,687,1966,2024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F85C3947CAC4" box="[709,1028,1966,2024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F85C38E7CAC4" box="[1045,1444,1966,2024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Opposite to alternate, loosely arranged at the base and tightly packed in upper parts</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434995346FCDEABD4F7F038E7C534" box="[144,1444,2050,2072]" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">
<th id="76B55DE55346FCDEABD4F7F03C22C534" box="[144,353,2050,2072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Hairs</th>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAA39F7F03FECC534" box="[381,687,2050,2072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">No data</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEA981F7F03947C534" box="[709,1028,2050,2072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Long, brown hairs</td>
<td id="76B55DE55346FCDEAF51F7F038E7C534" box="[1045,1444,2050,2072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="271">Conspicuous long-white hairs</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53470326ABF9FF6D39A5CC40" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53470326ABF9FF6D3C2FCD94" author="Ke, B. F. &amp; Wang, G. - J. &amp; Labiak, P. H. &amp; Rouhan, G. on &amp; GoFlag Consortium &amp; Chen, C. - W. &amp; Shepherd, L. D. &amp; Ohlsen, D. J. &amp; Renner, M. A. M. &amp; Karol, K. G. &amp; Li, F. W. &amp; Kuo, L. - Y." box="[189,364,158,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref4227" refString="Ke, B. F., Wang, G. - J., Labiak, P. H., Rouhan, G. on behalf of GoFlag Consortium, Chen, C. - W., Shepherd, L. D., Ohlsen, D. J., Renner, M. A. M., Karol, K. G., Li, F. W. &amp; Kuo, L. - Y. (2022) Systematics and plastome evolution in Schizaeaceae. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fpls. 2022.885501" type="journal article" year="2022">
Ke 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326ABA0FF6D3C56CD94" box="[228,277,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">et al</emphasis>
. (2022)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53470326AAE5FF6D3F8BCD94" author="Brownsey, P. J. &amp; Perrie, L. R." box="[417,712,158,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref3878" refString="Brownsey, P. J. &amp; Perrie, L. R. (2014) Schizaeaceae. In: Breitwieser, I., Heenan, P. B. &amp; Wilton, A. D. (Eds.) Flora of New Zealand - Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 5. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, pp. 1 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.7931 / J 2 G 44 N 6 J" type="book chapter" year="2014">Brownsey &amp; Perrie (2014)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853470326A82AFF6D3943CD94" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[878,1024,158,185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326A82AFF6D3943CD94" box="[878,1024,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex exhibits wide morphological and cytological variation. However, most members of this complex are poorly characterized and have been collectively lumped into “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853470326AA60FF153CF4CC2C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[292,439,230,257]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326AA60FF153CF4CC2C" box="[292,439,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, which was found to be polyphyletic in the phylogeny of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53470326AF17FF153849CC2C" author="Ke, B. F. &amp; Wang, G. - J. &amp; Labiak, P. H. &amp; Rouhan, G. on &amp; GoFlag Consortium &amp; Chen, C. - W. &amp; Shepherd, L. D. &amp; Ohlsen, D. J. &amp; Renner, M. A. M. &amp; Karol, K. G. &amp; Li, F. W. &amp; Kuo, L. - Y." box="[1107,1290,230,257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref4227" refString="Ke, B. F., Wang, G. - J., Labiak, P. H., Rouhan, G. on behalf of GoFlag Consortium, Chen, C. - W., Shepherd, L. D., Ohlsen, D. J., Renner, M. A. M., Karol, K. G., Li, F. W. &amp; Kuo, L. - Y. (2022) Systematics and plastome evolution in Schizaeaceae. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fpls. 2022.885501" type="journal article" year="2022">
Ke 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326AF38FF1539F6CC2C" box="[1148,1205,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
. Although our new species was not included in this phylogeny, we reckon that it is morphologically so distinct that it merits treatment as a separate species, especially in anticipation of further splitting in this group. With the recognition of this new species, there are now 21 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853470326A95BFEA03FC0CC40" box="[543,643,338,364]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326A95BFEA03FC0CC40" box="[543,643,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Schizaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
worldwide (PPG I, 2016) and three in the 
<collectingCountry id="F343764B53470326AF24FEA039A1CC40" box="[1120,1250,338,364]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53470326ABF9FE843C24CE31" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
The salient anatomical features of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853470326A914FE843E40CCBC" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[592,771,374,400]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326A914FE843E40CCBC" box="[592,771,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Schizaea erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include the following: the rhizome is almost circular with appressed hairs as outgrowths of the epidermal cells. The cortex is mainly composed of parenchyma cells. The stele is a haplostele with the phloem surrounding the xylem tissue (
<figureCitation id="136F2A5E53470326A86EFE4C3EE3CCF4" box="[810,928,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,228,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1436,190,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Schizaea erecta. Habit (A) and anatomy (B–J): A. Habit. B. Rhizome (c—cortex). C. Basal Stipe (ocs—outer cortical sclerenchyma, ics—inner cortical slerenchyma, x—xylem, ph—phloem). D. Middle stipe (g—groove). E. Apical stipe (w—wing). F. Lamina (1st branch) (c—costa). G. Lamina (2nd branch) (m—mesophyll, e—epidermis, h—hypodermis, x—xylem, ph—phloem). H. Lamina (3rd branch). I. Lamina (4th branch) (gc—guard cells, is—intercellular spaces). J. Lamina (5th branch)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406843/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
). The stipe shape changes from tetragonous at the base with indistinct costa and concave with narrow groove at the middle and somewhat flattened in the upper stipe with two distinct grooves and wings. The cortex becomes complex, being composed of the outer cortical sclerenchyma and the inner cortical parenchyma cells with the stele becoming actinostele and with a T-shaped xylem strand (
<figureCitation id="136F2A5E53470326AE24FDD83D8FCF44" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,228,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[151,1436,190,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Schizaea erecta. Habit (A) and anatomy (B–J): A. Habit. B. Rhizome (c—cortex). C. Basal Stipe (ocs—outer cortical sclerenchyma, ics—inner cortical slerenchyma, x—xylem, ph—phloem). D. Middle stipe (g—groove). E. Apical stipe (w—wing). F. Lamina (1st branch) (c—costa). G. Lamina (2nd branch) (m—mesophyll, e—epidermis, h—hypodermis, x—xylem, ph—phloem). H. Lamina (3rd branch). I. Lamina (4th branch) (gc—guard cells, is—intercellular spaces). J. Lamina (5th branch)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406843/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Figure 3C–E</figureCitation>
). The lamina is flattened at the lower axis with distinct costa and incurved at the apical axis. The outer wall of the smaller epidermal cells is thickened and inwardly with large hypodermal cells. The vascular bundle is surrounded by a layer of large endodermis and a single layer of pericycle as also reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B2A53470326A8B3FD6439B0CF9C" author="Sofiyanti, N. &amp; Iriani, D. &amp; Fitmawati" box="[1015,1267,662,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" pagination="2651 - 2660" refId="ref4745" refString="Sofiyanti, N., Iriani, D. &amp; Fitmawati (2019) The first record of grass-like fern, Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. Sm. (Schizaeaceae) from Lingga Island, Indonesia: Its morphological, anatomical and palynological study. Biodiversitas 20 (9): 2651 - 2660. https: // doi. org / 10.13057 / biodiv / d 200930" type="journal article" year="2019">
Sofiyanti 
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326AF21FD6539DDCF9C" box="[1125,1182,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
. Moreover, both surfaces of the costa have large sclerenchyma cells to protect the inner undifferentiated mesophyll from drying as the plants are found in open area. The guard cells protrude on the abaxial surface of the epidermis and connect to the large intercellular spaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36DB53470326ABF9FCD43F0ACED8" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
The anatomy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853470326AA31FCD43F66CE6C" authority="Amoroso &amp; Coritico (2020: 60)" box="[373,549,806,832]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326AA31FCD43F66CE6C" box="[373,549,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Schizaea erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D5853470326A84CFCD53ED9CE6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[776,922,806,833]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Schizaeaceae" genus="Schizaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="B920EAC953470326A84CFCD53ED9CE6C" box="[776,922,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">S. dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the rhizomes for having larger outer cortical cells and smaller inner cortical cells (vs. smaller outer cortical cells and larger inner cortical cells), vascular bundles surrounded by ring-like sclerenchymatous cell layers (vs. star-shaped sclerenchymatous cell layers), numerous metaxylem (vs. 4 metaxylem); stipe tetragonous at the base and flattened in the upper stipe with narrow groove (vs. M-shaped and deeply grooved); lamina narrowly grooved (vs. deeply grooved), and guard cells protruding from the abaxial surface (vs. guard cells sunken).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>