438 lines
58 KiB
XML
438 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="044D07F8F16F9DD060B93A55030DF8C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="25317" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4679.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41cb435c-1867-4d73-9f58-fdd326298e5e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3471142" ID-ZooBank="5723773A-49BD-4CDB-99CD-B3A0AFC24F66" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1570099201260" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kataev, Boris M." docDate="2019" docId="03FD87C3FFB7D504DE8EE990FBDFFAA1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4679.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4679 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kenyacus Alluaud 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="466" masterDocId="FFC4FFBBFFB6D507DE19EF11FF9FFFAE" masterDocTitle="A review of the Afrotropical genus Kenyacus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) from the Rwenzori Mountains, with description of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="463" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1698757568096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6A06512FD475578145A7FA7CAF83E102">
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<mods:title id="014B6E11F79D16755BD5575CA81718A1">A review of the Afrotropical genus Kenyacus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) from the Rwenzori Mountains, with description of seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8DB0458B1BD8065D81D4FB8E0AD49D7">Kataev, Boris M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63E46D841D6083AB637948B1F7BEC9CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ACA6977876448BAB884AEEC0C3E97CD5">
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<mods:date id="2DE646E160F3655D915DEAD18AC8B584">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="55F9E6B694329648196F32F836DAEA12">2019-10-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B5E89D809D815CF8FD27BB2F7C3CD1D8">4679</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD87C3FFB7D504DE8EE990FBDFFAA1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159628578" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87C3FFB7D504DE8EE990FBDFFAA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87C3FFB7D504DE8EE990FBDFFAA1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<subSubSection id="C34E655EFFB7D506DE8EE990FDD7F935" box="[151,584,1665,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB7D506DE8EE990FDD7F935" blockId="1.[151,584,1665,1691]" box="[151,584,1665,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<heading id="D0A381B9FFB7D506DE8EE990FDD7F935" bold="true" box="[151,584,1665,1691]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DE8EE990FDD7F935" bold="true" box="[151,584,1665,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB7D506DF07E990FDD7F935" ID-CoL="8KXFF" authority="Alluaud, 1917" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[286,584,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DF07E990FE0CF935" bold="true" box="[286,403,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Kenyacus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB7D506DF83E990FDD7F935" author="Alluaud, C." box="[410,584,1665,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="73 - 116" refId="ref24649" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Les carabiques de la faune alpine des hautes montagnes de l'Afrique orientale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86, 73 - 116." type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E655EFFB7D506DE8EE9D7FBA4F861" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB7D506DE8EE9D7FF6BF952" blockId="1.[151,1437,1732,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4411FBFFB7D506DE8EE9D7FF6BF952" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB7D506DE8EE9D7FE21F973" ID-CoL="8KXFF" authority="Alluaud, 1917: 96" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,446,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DE8EE9D7FF66F973" box="[151,249,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Kenyacus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF510C4FFB7D506DF18E9D5FE21F973" author="Alluaud, C." box="[257,446,1732,1757]" page="96" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB7D506DF18E9D5FE21F973" author="Alluaud, C." box="[257,446,1732,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="73 - 116" refId="ref24649" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Les carabiques de la faune alpine des hautes montagnes de l'Afrique orientale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86, 73 - 116." type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917: 96</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as genus).
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<typeStatus id="54EF8877FFB7D506DC26E9D7FDEEF970" box="[575,625,1734,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB7D506DCCDE9D7FBA3F973" ID-CoL="3R5ML" authority="Alluaud, 1917" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[724,1084,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypsibius">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DCCDE9D7FC00F973" box="[724,927,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Kenyacus hypsibius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB7D506DDBFE9D5FBA3F973" author="Alluaud, C." box="[934,1084,1732,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="73 - 116" refId="ref24649" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Les carabiques de la faune alpine des hautes montagnes de l'Afrique orientale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86, 73 - 116." type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, designated by Basilewsky, 1951: 223.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB7D506DE8EE812FADBF8B5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1732,1819]" box="[151,1348,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4411FBFFB7D506DE8EE812FADBF8B5" box="[151,1348,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB7D506DE8EE812FE4FF8B5" ID-CoL="8KZD9" authority="Alluaud, 1917: 95" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,464,1794,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DE8EE812FE8CF8B4" box="[151,275,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tropicoritus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF510C4FFB7D506DF01E813FE4FF8B5" author="Alluaud, C." box="[280,464,1794,1819]" page="95" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB7D506DF01E813FE4FF8B5" author="Alluaud, C." box="[280,464,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="73 - 116" refId="ref24649" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Les carabiques de la faune alpine des hautes montagnes de l'Afrique orientale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86, 73 - 116." type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917: 95</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as genus),
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DC52E812FD0FF8B5" bold="true" box="[587,656,1795,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">syn. n.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54EF8877FFB7D506DC8FE812FD57F8B5" box="[662,712,1795,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB7D506DD3CE812FB31F8B5" ID-CoL="8LPH7" authority="Alluaud, 1917" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[805,1198,1794,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruwenzorii">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DD3CE812FB89F8B4" box="[805,1046,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Tropicoritus ruwenzorii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB7D506DA02E813FB31F8B5" author="Alluaud, C." box="[1051,1198,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" pagination="73 - 116" refId="ref24649" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Les carabiques de la faune alpine des hautes montagnes de l'Afrique orientale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86, 73 - 116." type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB7D506DE8EE859FBA4F861" blockId="1.[151,1437,1864,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DE8EE859FEB9F8CD" bold="true" box="[151,294,1864,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Recognition</emphasis>
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. Within
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB7D506DF9CE858FD83F8CD" baseAuthorityName="Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[389,540,1865,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Stenolophina">Stenolophina</taxonomicName>
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, adults of
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB7D506DC95E85BFD66F8CD" ID-CoL="8KXFF" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[652,761,1866,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DC95E85BFD66F8CD" box="[652,761,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Kenyacus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are recognizable by combination of the following distinctive characters: mentum without median tooth, fused with submentum, ligular sclerite with four preapical setae, supraorbital pore situated far from supraorbital furrow, posterior group of elytral marginal umbilicate series not clearly divided in two separate subgroups, and metepisterna short, at most as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E655EFFB7D504DEDEE8C9FEA4FF79" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="1" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB7D505DEDEE8C9FB5AFCF1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1864,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB7D506DEDEE8C9FECEF85D" bold="true" box="[199,337,2008,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="464">Description</emphasis>
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. Small: body length 2.4–6.0 mm. Apterous. Body light brown to blackish brown, dorsum not iridescent and without metallic lustre. Head large, with wide neck. Antennae short or moderately long, with rather wide and short antennomeres, densely pubescent beginning from antennomere 3; pubescence comparatively long; antennomere 2 sparsely pubescent and pubescence mostly restricted to apical half of antennomere. Eyes slightly or moderately convex, separated from buccal fissure by distance. Supraorbital pore situated far from supraorbital furrow. Fronto-clypeal suture superficial or somewhat impressed. Frontal furrows distinct, deepened. Mentum without median tooth, fused with submentum at least laterally, with narrow epilobes. Ligular sclerite narrowed apically, with two ventral and two dorsal preapical setae. Paraglossae glabrous, narrow, much longer than ligular sclerite and separated from it by deep notch. Penultimate labial palpomere with two setae at anterior margin and with one preapical seta ventrally. Pronotal basal angles rounded or sharp. Elytra oval, moderately short or elongate, with comparatively short, occasionally indistinct parascutellar striole, and with or without one discal pore on interval 3. Elytral marginal umbilicate series consisting of six (5+1) setigerous pores in anterior group and of eight setigerous pores in posterior group; posterior group not divided in two separate subgroups. Parascutellar setigerous pore markedly removed from elytral basal border. Prosternum usually with several erect setae medially, rarely glabrous. Prosternal process without apical setae. Metepisterna short, at most as long as wide. Abdomen of male without basal setose fovea. Abdominal sternites (ventrites) largely glabrous, only with obligatory setae, but in many species one to three last visible sternites sparsely setose. Last visible (VII) sternite with a preapical marginal angular projection on each side, and with one or two pairs of marginal setae in male and with two pairs of such setae in female. Protarsomere 1 bilobed. Tarsomere 5 with or without a pair of latero-ventral setae. Pro- and mesotarsi in male moderately or only slightly dilated and with biseriately arranged adhesive scales ventrally, but in many species adhesive vestiture on mesotarsi more or less reduced. Median lobe of aedeagus with or without spines in internal sac.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB4D505DEDEEC79FCB0FC08" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
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These characters shared by all the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DCD5EC78FCA6FC2C" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[716,825,873,898]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DCD5EC78FCA6FC2C" box="[716,825,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are not repeated in descriptions of the species below, which only include characters sufficient for discrimination.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB4D505DEDEECA1FD5AF9FC" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DEDEECA1FEC4FC65" bold="true" box="[199,347,944,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Comparison</emphasis>
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. Based on mentum without median tooth and elytral posterior group of marginal umbilicate setal series not divided into two markedly separated subgroups, the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DD8AECC4FB9FFC40" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[915,1024,981,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DD8AECC4FB9FFC40" box="[915,1024,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the Acupalpi genus group within
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DEFCECE9FEE3FBBC" baseAuthorityName="Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[229,380,1016,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Stenolophina">Stenolophina</taxonomicName>
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, which also includes the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DCF8ECE9FB9BFBBD" authority="Latreille, 1829" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[737,1028,1016,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Acupalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DCF8ECE9FCC8FBBC" box="[737,855,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Acupalpus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DD44ECE9FB9BFBBD" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[861,1028,1016,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" refId="ref25450" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1829) Les crustaces, les arachnides et les insectes, distribues en familles naturelles, ouvrage formant les tomes 4 et 5 de celui de M. le Baron Cuvier sur le regne animal (deuxieme edition). Tome Premier. Deterville, Paris, xxvii + 584 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11575" type="book" year="1829">Latreille, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DA17ECE9FA81FBBC" authority="LeConte, 1861" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1861" box="[1038,1310,1016,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Philodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DA17ECE9FBEFFBBC" box="[1038,1136,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Philodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DA6FECE8FA81FBBC" author="LeConte, J. L." box="[1142,1310,1016,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" refId="ref25523" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1861) Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution. Part I. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections [No. 136], Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., xxiv + 214 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 38459" type="book" year="1861">LeConte, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DB30ECE9FEECFB99" authority="Motschulsky, 1850" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DB30ECE9FA03FBBC" box="[1321,1436,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DE8EEB0DFEECFB99" author="de Motschulsky, V." box="[151,371,1052,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" refId="ref25196" refString="de Motschulsky, V. (1850) Die Kafer Russlands, W. Gautier, Moscou, iv + xi + 91 pp." type="book" year="1850">Motschulsky, 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DF9BEB0DFD7FFB99" authority="Kasahara, 1994" authorityName="Kasahara" authorityYear="1994" box="[386,736,1052,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Uenanthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DF9BEB0DFDBEFB98" box="[386,545,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Uenanthracus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DC32EB0DFD7FFB99" author="Kasahara, S." box="[555,736,1052,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="89 - 93" refId="ref25420" refString="Kasahara, S. (1994) A new genus and species of Harpaline carabid beetle from central Honshu, Japan. Elytra, 22, 89 - 93." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasahara, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DD3BEB0CFBC7FB99" authority="Vinson, 1939" authorityName="Vinson" authorityYear="1939" box="[802,1112,1052,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyptomicrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DD3BEB0CFC2EFB99" box="[802,945,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Cyptomicrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DDA5EB0DFBC7FB99" author="Vinson, J." box="[956,1112,1052,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref25587" refString="Vinson, J. (1939) Nouveaux Carabiques des iles Mascareignes, comprenant deux nouveaux genres. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 41, 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1939">Vinson, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within the Acupalpi genus group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DEFEEB50FECBFBF4" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[231,340,1089,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DEFEEB50FECBFBF4" box="[231,340,1089,1114]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar and apparently most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DDA0EB51FA95FBF5" authority="sensu Jaeger, 2012" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[953,1290,1088,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DDA0EB51FBB3FBF4" box="[953,1068,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DA60EB50FA95FBF5" author="Jaeger, B." box="[1145,1290,1089,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="273 - 308" refId="ref25319" refString="Jaeger, B. (2012) Revision of the immaculate species of the Anthracus annamensis group from the East Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Insecta: Coleoptera: Harpalini). Vernate, 31, 273 - 308." type="journal article" year="2012">Jaeger, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both genera share several distinctive characters, including ligular sclerite with four setae and mentum fused with submentum at least laterally. Like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DFB6EB99FDBDFB0C" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[431,546,1160,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DFB6EB99FDBDFB0C" box="[431,546,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DD15EB98FCE6FB0C" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[780,889,1161,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DD15EB98FCE6FB0C" box="[780,889,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prosternum is covered with long erect setae and tarsomere 5 lacks ventrolateral setae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DC55EBBCFD76FB69" author="Jaeger, B." box="[588,745,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="273 - 308" refId="ref25319" refString="Jaeger, B. (2012) Revision of the immaculate species of the Anthracus annamensis group from the East Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Insecta: Coleoptera: Harpalini). Vernate, 31, 273 - 308." type="journal article" year="2012">Jaeger (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated ligular sclerite with four setae as an autapomorphic character for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DF82EBC1FD91FB44" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[411,526,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DF82EBC1FD91FB44" box="[411,526,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DCADEBC0FCA7FB44" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[692,824,1233,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DCADEBC0FCA7FB44" box="[692,824,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group; the latter taxon was formerly considered within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DF10EBE5FEE0FAA0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[265,383,1268,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Acupalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DF10EBE5FEE0FAA0" box="[265,383,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Acupalpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In my opinion, this character should be treated as synapomorphy for the monophyletic group comprising the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DF8AEA09FD44FA9D" authority="sensu Jaeger, 2012" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[403,731,1304,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DF8AEA09FD99FA9C" box="[403,518,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DC49EA08FD44FA9D" author="Jaeger, B." box="[592,731,1305,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="273 - 308" refId="ref25319" refString="Jaeger, B. (2012) Revision of the immaculate species of the Anthracus annamensis group from the East Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Insecta: Coleoptera: Harpalini). Vernate, 31, 273 - 308." type="journal article" year="2012">Jaeger, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DD17EA08FCE4FA9C" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[782,891,1305,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DD17EA08FCE4FA9C" box="[782,891,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DA06EA09FB29FA9C" baseAuthorityName="Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1055,1206,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Stenolophina">Stenolophina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, four setae on ligular sclerite occur only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DF93EA2DFD2BFAF9" authority="Ito, 2003" authorityName="Ito" authorityYear="2003" box="[394,692,1340,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parabradycellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DF93EA2DFDDAFAF8" box="[394,581,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Parabradycellus</emphasis>
|
||
Ito, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this feature arose in this genus independently from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DB30EA2DFA03FAF8" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[1321,1436,1340,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DB30EA2DFA03FAF8" box="[1321,1436,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DED0EA70FEA9FAD4" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[201,310,1377,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DED0EA70FEA9FAD4" box="[201,310,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DFBEEA71FDFDFAD4" authorityName="Ito" authorityYear="2003" box="[423,610,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parabradycellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DFBEEA71FDFDFAD4" box="[423,610,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Parabradycellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having mentum with a median tooth and abdomen of male with a basal setose fovea belongs to another genus group, namely the Bradycelli group.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DDFBEA94FBD0FA30" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[994,1103,1413,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DDFBEA94FBD0FA30" box="[994,1103,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DAFAEA95FAC9FA30" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[1251,1366,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DAFAEA95FAC9FA30" box="[1251,1366,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following, apparently apomorphic characters: supraorbital pore removed from supraorbital furrow; eyes smaller and less convex, separated from buccal fissure by distance; parascutellar setigerous pore markedly removed from elytral basal border; prosternal process without apical setae; metepisterna short, wider than long or at least as long as wide; and abdominal sternites more sparsely pubescent. Unlike apterous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DDECE904FBFDF980" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[1013,1122,1557,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DDECE904FBFDF980" box="[1013,1122,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DB30E905FA03F980" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[1321,1436,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DB30E905FA03F980" box="[1321,1436,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have developed hind wings and capable of flying.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB4D504DEDEE94DFEA4FF79" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,153,1295]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DF5EE94CFE2BF9D8" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[327,436,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DF5EE94CFE2BF9D8" box="[327,436,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be treated as a specialized derivate of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DDD3E94DFA82F9D9" authority="sensu Jaeger, 2012" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[970,1309,1628,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DDD3E94DFBA2F9D8" box="[970,1085,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DA97E94CFA82F9D9" author="Jaeger, B." box="[1166,1309,1629,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="273 - 308" refId="ref25319" refString="Jaeger, B. (2012) Revision of the immaculate species of the Anthracus annamensis group from the East Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Insecta: Coleoptera: Harpalini). Vernate, 31, 273 - 308." type="journal article" year="2012">Jaeger, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adapted to the mountainous regions of East Africa. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DCCCE991FCD7F934" authorityName="sensu Jaeger" authorityYear="2012" box="[725,840,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DCCCE991FCD7F934" box="[725,840,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed mainly over the plains in the Holarctic, Ethiopian,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F837FFB4D505DF0BE9B5FEF1F910" box="[274,366,1700,1726]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Australian regions and, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DD5AE9B4FC49F911" author="Jaeger, B." box="[835,982,1701,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="273 - 308" refId="ref25319" refString="Jaeger, B. (2012) Revision of the immaculate species of the Anthracus annamensis group from the East Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Insecta: Coleoptera: Harpalini). Vernate, 31, 273 - 308." type="journal article" year="2012">Jaeger (2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DDFBE9B5FB81F911" author="Jaeger, B." box="[994,1054,1700,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="215 - 222" refId="ref25359" refString="Jaeger, B. (2016) A new species of the Anthracus angusticollis group from southern India, with notes on A. horni (Andrewes, 1923) and A. vanharteni Jaeger & Felix, 2009 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini). Entomologische Blatter und Coleoptera, 112 (1), 215 - 222." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), comprises several rather distinct species groups including the
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DFFAE9D8FDCCF94C" box="[483,595,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">consputus</emphasis>
|
||
group (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DCDEE9D9FCA5F94C" authority="Kataev, 2019" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[711,826,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DCDEE9D9FCA5F94C" box="[711,826,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Anthracus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357BCFFB4D505DD5AE9D8FC1FF94D" box="[835,896,1737,1763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) from the West Palaearctic, the
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DAF6E9D9FACCF94C" box="[1263,1363,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">overlaeti</emphasis>
|
||
group from the Ethiopian region, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DFE3E9FCFDE1F8A8" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[506,638,1773,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DFE3E9FCFDE1F8A8" box="[506,638,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F837FFB4D505DD25E9FDFC07F8A8" box="[828,920,1772,1798]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Australian regions, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DB14E9FDFA03F8A8" baseAuthorityName="Péringuey" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1293,1436,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DB14E9FDFA03F8A8" box="[1293,1436,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">angusticollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group mainly from the Ethiopian and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4990F837FFB4D505DC5FE801FD3DF884" box="[582,674,1808,1834]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
regions (some species are still not assigned to any group). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DB6EE800FE95F8E0" baseAuthorityName="Péringuey" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DB6EE800FE95F8E0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">angusticollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is most specialized, since its members are characterized by two apomorphic character states (pronotal median line deeply impressed and markedly broadened, and elytral lateral margin serrate) which are unique not only within the genus and related genera, but obviously also within the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DA41E86DFA06F839" authority="(Jaeger, 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Jaeger" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1112,1433,1916,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Stenolophina">
|
||
Stenolophina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB4D505DAE5E86CFA0EF839" author="Jaeger, B." box="[1276,1425,1916,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" pagination="215 - 222" refId="ref25359" refString="Jaeger, B. (2016) A new species of the Anthracus angusticollis group from southern India, with notes on A. horni (Andrewes, 1923) and A. vanharteni Jaeger & Felix, 2009 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini). Entomologische Blatter und Coleoptera, 112 (1), 215 - 222." type="journal article" year="2016">Jaeger, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, in combination of the characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DC8BE8B0FD60F814" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[658,767,1953,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DC8BE8B0FD60F814" box="[658,767,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to the less specialized
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DAA0E8B0FAB6F814" box="[1209,1321,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">consputus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DB20E8B1FA02F814" box="[1337,1437,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">overlaeti</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DEDEE8D4FED4F870" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[199,331,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DEDEE8D4FED4F870" box="[199,331,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups, especially to the latter group, members of which share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB4D505DA53E8D4FB28F870" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[1098,1207,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB4D505DA53E8D4FB28F870" box="[1098,1207,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="465">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
similar habitus with comparatively short antenna and oval elytra as well as less markedly deepened clypeo-ocular furrows and frontoclypeal suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E655EFFB5D504DEDEEFF0FBDFFAA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB5D504DEDEEFF0FBD2FC2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DEDEEFF0FEABFF55" bold="true" box="[199,308,225,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DFDFEFF3FDD0FF55" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[454,591,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DFDFEFF3FDD0FF55" box="[454,591,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Tropicoritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DC9EEFF3FD6BFF55" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[647,756,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DC9EEFF3FD6BFF55" box="[647,756,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described in one paper without direct comparison with each other: the former genus for one species from the Rwenzori Mountains and the latter one for two species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437645FFB5D504DE8EEE38FF7FFEED" box="[151,224,297,323]" name="Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB5D504DEEBEE38FE04FEED" author="Alluaud, C." box="[242,411,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" pagination="73 - 116" refId="ref24649" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Les carabiques de la faune alpine des hautes montagnes de l'Afrique orientale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86, 73 - 116." type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to Basilewsky (1951), both genera belong to the Bradycellina (= Bradycelli genus group) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DF75EE5FFE6AFEC9" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[364,501,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DF75EE5FFE6AFEC9" box="[364,501,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Tropicoritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DC8DEE5FFC9EFEC9" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[660,769,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DC8DEE5FFC9EFEC9" box="[660,769,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having mentum with median tooth and pronotal basal angles projecting posteriorly above elytral base. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24FFB5D504DD21EE60FC78FE25" author="Alluaud, C." box="[824,999,369,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" pagination="73 - 116" refId="ref24649" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Les carabiques de la faune alpine des hautes montagnes de l'Afrique orientale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 86, 73 - 116." type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the original description also stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DED3EE87FECCFE01" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[202,339,406,431]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DED3EE87FECCFE01" box="[202,339,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Tropicoritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has mentum with a median tooth, re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8877FFB5D504DDF8EE84FBDCFE01" box="[993,1091,405,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the single species included in this taxon revealed that this character was indicated erroneously and in fact, the mentum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DAC8EEABFAC5FE7D" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[1233,1370,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DAC8EEABFAC5FE7D" box="[1233,1370,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Tropicoritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks median tooth as in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DFC5EECFFDD6FE59" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[476,585,478,503]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DFC5EECFFDD6FE59" box="[476,585,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since the basal pronotal angles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DDCDEECFFBDEFE59" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[980,1089,478,503]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DDCDEECFFBDEFE59" box="[980,1089,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rather variable (rounded or somewhat prominent as, for example, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DC7FED13FD77FDB5" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[614,744,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acrobius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DC7FED13FD77FDB5" box="[614,744,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. acrobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DD38ED13FC54FDB5" authorityName="Basilewsky" authorityYear="1848" box="[801,971,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinangopius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DD38ED13FC54FDB5" box="[801,971,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. kinangopius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it can be found all transitions in the species from the Rwenzoris),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DFF3ED37FDECFD91" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[490,627,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DFF3ED37FDECFD91" box="[490,627,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Tropicoritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DCB4ED37FC85FD91" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[685,794,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DCB4ED37FC85FD91" box="[685,794,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are treated here as synonyms. The selection of the valid name for this genus between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DFF9ED5BFDD2FDCD" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[480,589,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DFF9ED5BFDD2FDCD" box="[480,589,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DC9DED5BFC92FDCD" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[644,781,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DC9DED5BFC92FDCD" box="[644,781,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Tropicoritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were described in one paper, was made for benefit of the former name, as much better-known, in the interest of nomenclatorial stability. However, all the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DE8EED83FE9BFD05" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,260,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DE8EED83FE9BFD05" box="[151,260,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Rwenzori Mountains considered in this paper seem to represent a monophyletic group because they differ from other examined species of this genus in the combination of the following characters: tarsomere 5 without lateroventral setae, last visible abdominal sternite in both sexes with two pairs of setae, and median lobe of aedeagus with shorter terminal lamella and without spines in internal sac. In addition, pronotum of the species inhabiting the Rwenzori Mountains is usually with sharper basal angles and with sides not rounded. Further research should show if this group warrants subgeneric status. Relationships of this group with congeners from other regions are still obscure and can be established only after the complete revision of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5FFB5D504DEDEEC9CFBDFFAA1" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
The species treated in this paper, like many other Harpalini, demonstrate rather high variability in many morphological characters and are difficult taxonomically. In most cases, for their delimitation the examination of both male and female genitalia is needed. The shapes of the female laterotergite and apical stylomere are usually as reliable distinctive characters for discrimination of most species as the structure of the median lobe of the aedeagus. The body size and shape of pronotum are also very useful for species identification.Although true interrelationships among species remain poorly understood, based on the combinations of the morphological characters, the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DEAEEB77FEBBFBD1" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[183,292,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DEAEEB77FEBBFBD1" box="[183,292,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">Kenyacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from the Rwenzori Mountains can be preliminarily divided in the following groups that can also be in part distinguished by body size: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DC88EB9BFCB5FB0D" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[657,810,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropicoritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruwenzorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DC88EB9BFCB5FB0D" box="[657,810,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. ruwenzorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DD4EEB9BFC47FB0D" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[855,984,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gusarovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DD4EEB9BFC47FB0D" box="[855,984,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. gusarovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DDF3EB98FB81FB0D" bold="true" box="[1002,1054,1161,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">p. n.</emphasis>
|
||
; 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DA52EB9BFB28FB0D" authority="Kataev, 2019" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1099,1207,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DA52EB9BFB28FB0D" box="[1099,1207,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DAA7EB98FB62FB0D" bold="true" box="[1214,1277,1161,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357BCFFB5D504DAA7EB98FB62FB0D" box="[1214,1277,1161,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DB13EB9BFAEBFB0D" authority="Kataev, 2019" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1290,1396,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berndi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DB13EB9BFAEBFB0D" box="[1290,1396,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. berndi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DB62EB98FF31FB69" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357BCFFB5D504DB62EB98FF31FB69" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DEF3EBBFFEE1FB69" authority="Kataev, 2019" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[234,382,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trechoides" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DEF3EBBFFEE1FB69" box="[234,382,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. trechoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DF9CEBBCFE5BFB69" bold="true" box="[389,452,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357BCFFB5D504DF9CEBBCFE5BFB69" box="[389,452,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DFF6EBBFFD16FB69" authority="Kataev, 2019" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[495,649,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DFF6EBBFFD16FB69" box="[495,649,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. angustatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DC96EBBCFD51FB69" bold="true" box="[655,718,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357BCFFB5D504DC96EBBCFD51FB69" box="[655,718,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DCC5EBBFFCDAFB69" authority="Kataev, 2019" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[732,837,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DCC5EBBFFCDAFB69" box="[732,837,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DD52EBBCFC15FB69" bold="true" box="[843,906,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357BCFFB5D504DD52EBBCFC15FB69" box="[843,906,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DDDEEBBFFBA1FB69" authority="Kataev, 2019" authorityName="Kataev" authorityYear="2019" box="[967,1086,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DDDEEBBFFBA1FB69" box="[967,1086,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DA5DEBBCFB1CFB69" bold="true" box="[1092,1155,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357BCFFB5D504DA5DEBBCFB1CFB69" box="[1092,1155,1197,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; and 5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56FFB5D504DAC7EBBFFA0AFB69" authorityName="Basilewsky" authorityYear="1955" box="[1246,1429,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Kenyacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruwenzoricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAC7FFB5D504DAC7EBBFFA0AFB69" box="[1246,1429,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="466">K. ruwenzoricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Diagnoses of these groups are provided below. Morphological basis for this grouping is partly reflected also in the key. The true relationships must await further studies, including molecular analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |