137 lines
16 KiB
XML
137 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="D13DED408C4EA0CDC70C6232AAC1F242" ID-CLB-Dataset="31798" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0fc0b3f0-dfbc-4f93-98f7-ba3d8c54670f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1025008" ID-ZooBank="4F937323-3789-420A-A4FD-E2783EFF4761" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1508396655765" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alekseev, Vitalii I. & Bukejs, Andris" docDate="2017" docId="03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4337.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4337 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pharaxonothinae Crowson 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="FFC4FFC23215861E24253348D068FF83" masterDocTitle="First fossil representatives of Pharaxonothinae Crowson (Coleoptera: Erotylidae): indirect evidence for cycads existence in Baltic amber forest" masterLastPageNumber="422" masterPageNumber="413" pageNumber="418" updateTime="1698469832340" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FF0DAACB15E0E9B53D0B8C61436E41E0">
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<mods:title id="A925FA702ED707ED42871ADB7028F1BA">First fossil representatives of Pharaxonothinae Crowson (Coleoptera: Erotylidae): indirect evidence for cycads existence in Baltic amber forest</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5FBC36A4F3F238F65C203ABF0531DDB">Alekseev, Vitalii I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9BEA2C266340088AD8C716A4DE6107F">Bukejs, Andris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AF95040A7F18270432F605D1AF8E73B7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3D1098DE8B38678A7D4DC4E4D9AD0AE0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="94E3E4344269DDB501C93A29C670DDF7">
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<mods:date id="3A38ADB498EC4381FB038AE20BE7DA15">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="20680A40F620CD75515E83D6EA3A518F">2017-10-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5B056EEF5FF3B82B447859749139B070">4337</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6039322" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135451015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6039322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">
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<subSubSection id="C34E65273210861B24B2343DD14DF833" pageId="5" pageNumber="418" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36AC3210861B24B2343DD19EF80C" blockId="5.[151,502,1909,1968]" box="[151,502,1909,1935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">
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<heading id="D0A381C03210861B24B2343DD19EF80C" bold="true" box="[151,502,1909,1935]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="418" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3210861B24B2343DD19EF80C" bold="true" box="[151,502,1909,1935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F3210861B24B2343DD106F80C" authorityName="Crowson" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,366,1909,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pharaxonothinae">Pharaxonothinae</taxonomicName>
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gen. indet.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36AC3210861B24B234DFD14DF833" blockId="5.[151,502,1909,1968]" box="[151,293,1943,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136F2A293210861B24BA34DFD175F833" box="[159,285,1943,1968]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,844,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1358,844,1949]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 11. Undescribed representative of Pharaxonothinae in Baltic amber, specimen No. 578 - 1 [CCHH]: 10 — habitus, dorso-lateral view; 11 — habitus, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1025018/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E65273213861824B233DFD10BFC96" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36AC3213861824B233DFD292FE53" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CF13213861824B233DFD292FE53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675316852" collectionCode="CCHH" country="Russia" county="The" location="Baltic" municipality="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3213861824B233DFD1EEFF33" bold="true" box="[151,390,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Specimen No 578-1 [
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<collectionCode id="ED45AE693213861826B533D0D28EFF33" box="[656,742,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">CCHH</collectionCode>
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], adult, sex unknown;
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<location id="8E8B60773213861827DD33DFD453FF33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96:8E8B60773213861827DD33DFD453FF33" box="[1016,1083,151,176]" country="Russia" county="The" municipality="The" name="Baltic" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">Baltic</location>
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amber,
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<location id="8E8B60773213861820BA33D0D56EFF33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96:8E8B60773213861820BA33D0D56EFF33" box="[1183,1286,152,176]" country="Russia" county="The" municipality="The" name="Yantarny" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">Yantarny</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4990F84E32138618213333DFD5F4FF33" box="[1302,1436,151,176]" country="Russia" name="Kaliningrad" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Kaliningrad</collectingRegion>
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region,
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<collectingCountry id="F343763C3213861824D733F4D128FF56" box="[242,320,188,213]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Russia</collectingCountry>
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. Almost complete beetle (left metatarsomeres 2–5 lost) embedded in medium-sized, elongate, transparent, orange amber piece with approximate dimensions 35 × 14 ×
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<quantity id="4CAC9B493213861827F33397D473FF74" box="[982,1051,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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.
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<location id="8E8B60773213861820033397D40BFF7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96:8E8B60773213861820033397D40BFF7B" box="[1062,1123,223,248]" country="Russia" county="The" municipality="The" name="Body" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">Body</location>
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length of beetle is
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<quantity id="4CAC9B4932138618211B33A8D5F1FF74" box="[1342,1433,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
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.
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<location id="8E8B60773213861824B2324CD15CFE9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96:8E8B60773213861824B2324CD15CFE9E" box="[151,308,260,285]" country="Russia" county="The" municipality="The" name="Syninclusions" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">Syninclusions</location>
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are represented by one fragment of
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<location id="8E8B60773213861826CA324DD31EFE9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96:8E8B60773213861826CA324DD31EFE9F" box="[751,886,261,284]" country="Russia" county="The" municipality="The" name="Nematocera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">Nematocera</location>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F3213861827AE324CD459FE9E" box="[907,1073,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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?) and numerous small detritus particles.
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<location id="8E8B6077321386182526326FD147FEC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87BA3210861824B2343DD10BFC96:8E8B6077321386182526326FD147FEC3" box="[259,303,295,320]" country="Russia" county="The" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">The</location>
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amber piece was apparently subjected to thermal and high-pressure processing in an autoclave, based on what is evident from characters mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B5D3213861826C93204D3C0FEE7" author="Hoffeins" box="[748,936,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" refString="Hoffeins, Ch. (2012) On Baltic amber inclusions treated in an autoclave. Polish Journal of Entomology, 81, 165 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 012 - 0005 - z" type="journal article" year="2012">Hoffeins (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FACD632138618279D3204D38CFEE6" box="[952,996,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">The</collectingMunicipality>
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right side of elytra and pronotum is fragmented and destroyed, the right antenna is partially disintegrated and the head (especially clypeal and frontal area) is strongly deformed.
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<collectingCounty id="628A4E203213861825C432DCD265FE2E" box="[481,525,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">The</collectingCounty>
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dark monochrome body colour of the specimen may also be a result of the discolouration during “improving” of the amber piece.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36AC3213861824E23294D10BFC96" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3213861824E23294D16EFE76" bold="true" box="[199,262,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Note.</emphasis>
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The specimen belongs to an undescribed species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F3213861827453294D477FE76" authorityName="Crowson" authorityYear="1952" box="[864,1055,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pharaxonothinae">Pharaxonothinae</taxonomicName>
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, either to
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F3213861820B73294D55AFE76" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[1170,1330,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3213861820B73294D55AFE76" box="[1170,1330,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or to the morphologically close
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F3213861825B832B7D244FD9B" authorityName="Xu, Tang & Skelley" authorityYear="2015" box="[413,556,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3213861825B832B7D244FD9B" box="[413,556,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Cycadophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F3213861826CF3148D331FD9B" authority="Alekseev & Bukejs, 2017" authorityName="Alekseev & Bukejs" authorityYear="2017" box="[746,857,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3213861826CF3148D331FD9B" box="[746,857,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">C. mumia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357C532138618274632B7D3A8FD9B" box="[867,960,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE32138618274632B7D3A8FD9B" bold="true" box="[867,960,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in the finely bordered elytral base, acute anterior pronotal angles, smaller body size, elytral punctation in rows laterally, and dark body colour. The main characters of the subfamily and
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F3213861825D9310FD2F4FDE3" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[508,668,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3213861825D9310FD2F4FDE3" box="[508,668,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B920EABE3213861826893101D374FDE3" box="[684,796,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">sensu lato</emphasis>
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) (e.g. glabrous body; elytra with non-impressed punctate rows and shortened scutellary striole; pro- and mesocoxal cavities open; narrow pronotal posterolateral sulci; abdomen without metacoxal lines; 11-segmented antennae with a 3-segmented antennal club not flattened; transverse scutellar shield; tarsal formula 5-5-5) are clearly visible on the specimen. The beetle is probably not conspecific with
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D2F321386182579319FD229FD73" authority="Alekseev & Bukejs, 2017" authorityName="Alekseev & Bukejs" authorityYear="2017" box="[348,577,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE321386182579319FD229FD73" box="[348,577,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Cycadophila mumia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357C532138618266F319FD2CEFD73" box="[586,678,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B920EABE32138618266F319FD2CEFD73" bold="true" box="[586,678,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, but it cannot be named and formally described at present due to poor preservation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |