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<document id="6BC3F1CD96936756D5547A77F9ACE3B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="188707" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8aab83b-e5de-4b09-a988-9656f6164ebe" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7325946" ID-ZooBank="A699CDEB-AB18-428E-A98D-3BAB725D0A7E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1668584110898" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Manoel, Alex, Esteves, André Morgado &amp; Neres, Patrícia Fernandes" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87A0FFC296079DA5F96F95FBDEC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5209.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5209 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acantholaimus pugious Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres 2022, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="FFC4FFD8FFC1960E9D32FF859437DE1C" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Acantholaimus (Nematoda, Chromadoridae) from the deep southeastern Atlantic (Santos Basin)" masterLastPageNumber="256" masterPageNumber="238" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1699411569278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="73302CDA50D7E06103D9D239DE898DC9">
<mods:title id="47DEC64A5E8D119FCD274665F085BB68">Two new species of Acantholaimus (Nematoda, Chromadoridae) from the deep southeastern Atlantic (Santos Basin)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F80A3FCD99530FFFCC96129CAC2406D4">Manoel, Alex</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A89BDF0FE986A04FC57C8120BEFB5C4B" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3080-9276</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0DDEFB0BCBEE017F592C174A4E9695AC">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil. &amp; alexblg 08 @ gmail. com, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3080 - 9276</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="27DCBA606B04A427D2EF99D4331206EE">Esteves, André Morgado</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ECE7BF6C6F1E152A9E30685A0A97AFC3" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0921-2731</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="95D56460BBA6537EF9A01B45A2D01446">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B63A01A2910D4A3113F02B96CB4CBF93">Neres, Patrícia Fernandes</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="34EB167DA1D199C0E2A698A1F559CB98" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1152-4953</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="224BEBDD21B837CD8E9D959703823B77">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil. &amp; patricia _ neres @ yahoo. com. br, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1152 - 4953</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="393FE08198B56F2EEFA853E04793C95F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A4AC07FE73F1D2DDADA4F1EA80323208">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="581C2B12ABD021F424D61225396B2AEF">2022-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9183E8316880B8DD82B092D477ACAED4">5209</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD87A0FFC296079DA5F96F95FBDEC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7331098" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205080171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7331098" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87A0FFC296079DA5F96F95FBDEC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87A0FFC296079DA5F96F95FBDEC9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">
<subSubSection id="C34E653DFFC2960D9DA5F96F955AD935" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC2960D9DA5F96F9637D919" blockId="3.[151,512,1770,1833]" box="[151,512,1770,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">
<heading id="D0A381DAFFC2960D9DA5F96F9637D919" bold="true" box="[151,512,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC2960D9DA5F96F9637D919" bold="true" box="[151,512,1770,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC2960D9DA5F96F9580D919" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,439,1770,1797]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC2960D9DA5F96F9580D919" bold="true" box="[151,439,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">Acantholaimus pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC2960D9C8CF96E9637D919" box="[446,512,1771,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC2960D9DA5F88A955AD935" blockId="3.[151,512,1770,1833]" box="[151,365,1807,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">
(
<tableCitation id="C6D6030DFFC2960D9DADF88A94C3D935" box="[159,244,1807,1833]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[152,244,260,284]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Acantholaimus pugious sp. n. The measurements are expressed in micrometers, or if noted, as a percentage or ratio. Not applicable (*); not available for measurement (-); a, b, c, c = de Mans ratios (1880). a, b, %v = ratios proposed by Miljutina &amp; Miljutin (2012)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2B663EFFC896079DAAFE819716DF79" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" tableUuid="DF2B663EFFC896079DAAFE819716DF79">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC2960D9C30F88A9553D935" box="[258,356,1807,1833]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="5.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionStartId-3="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetBox-3="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@4.[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-29@5.[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetId-3="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region; (C) spicules and gubernaculum; (D) posterior region." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) reproductive system (arrow indicates the vulva position); (C) anterior region (arrow indicates the buccal cavity); (D) posterior region (tail)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325948" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325950" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7325948/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7325950/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">Figs 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E653DFFC2960D9DA5F8D3957CD9C1" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC2960D9DA5F8D395B9D989" blockId="3.[151,1437,1878,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC2960D9DA5F8D39569D96C" bold="true" box="[151,350,1878,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">Material studied</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CEBFFC2960D9C5CF8D295B9D989" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3966326304" collectionCode="MOUFPE" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" specimenCode="MOUFPE 0013, MOUFPE 0014" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EF8814FFC2960D9C5CF8D295E1D96D" box="[366,470,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<specimenCode id="DBF29ECDFFC2960D9F16F8D296ECD96D" box="[548,731,1879,1905]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">MOUFPE 0013</specimenCode>
),
<specimenCount id="9D52FD3FFFC2960D9FC2F8D2978DD96D" box="[752,954,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBF29ECDFFC2960D9EF8F8D290B5D96D" box="[970,1154,1879,1905]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">MOUFPE 0014</specimenCode>
),
<specimenCount id="9D52FD3FFFC2960D99A4F8D29120D96D" box="[1174,1303,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">2 paratypes</specimenCount>
males (220 NM LMZOO-UFPE).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC2960D9DF5F81A957CD9C1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1878,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC2960D9DF5F81A956AD9A4" bold="true" box="[199,349,1950,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">Type locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CEBFFC2960D9C5BF81A957CD9C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3966326301" country="Brazil" elevation="2000" location="Santos Basin" longitude="-43.253056" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8E8B606DFFC2960D9C5BF81A95CCD9A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87A0FFC296079DA5F96F95FBDEC9:8E8B606DFFC2960D9C5BF81A95CCD9A5" box="[361,507,1951,1977]" country="Brazil" longitude="-43.253056" name="Santos Basin" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Santos Basin</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4990F854FFC2960D9F31F81A9694D9A5" box="[515,675,1951,1977]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3437626FFC2960D9F99F81A96C4D9A5" box="[683,755,1951,1977]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="241">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="54EF8814FFC2960D9FC9F81A9754D9A5" box="[763,867,1951,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and
<typeStatus id="54EF8814FFC2960D9EE2F81A9007D9A5" box="[976,1072,1951,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female: 24°7400″S 43°1511″W (
<elevation id="0079D185FFC2960D9DADF8469508D9C1" box="[159,319,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<quantity id="4CAC9B53FFC2960D9DADF84694C1D9C1" box="[159,246,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
),
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2B663EFFC5960A9DAAF812955ED9C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7325948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325948/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="242" startId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[165,1422,181,1920]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC5960A9DAAF812955ED9C8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC5960A9DAAF8129525D9B3" bold="true" box="[152,274,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="242">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC5960A9C2DF81D963AD9B3" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[287,525,1944,1968]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="242" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC5960A9C2DF81D963AD9B3" box="[287,525,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="242">Acantholaimus pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC5960A9F26F81D9679D9B3" box="[532,590,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="242" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC5960A9F26F81D961BD9AC" bold="true" box="[532,556,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="242">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC5960A9F0BF81D9670D9AC" bold="true" box="[569,583,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="242">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region; (C) spicules and gubernaculum; (D) posterior region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B663EFFC4960B9DAAF812900FD9CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7325950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325950/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="243" startId="5.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[199,1389,181,1919]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC4960B9DAAF812900FD9CF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC4960B9DAAF8129525D9B3" bold="true" box="[152,274,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="243">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC4960B9C2CF812963BD9B3" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[286,524,1943,1967]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="243" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC4960B9C2CF812963BD9B3" box="[286,524,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="243">Acantholaimus pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC4960B9F20F812967BD9B2" box="[530,588,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="243" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC4960B9F20F812961DD9B3" bold="true" box="[530,554,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="243">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC4960B9F05F8129672D9B3" bold="true" box="[567,581,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="243">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) reproductive system (arrow indicates the vulva position); (C) anterior region (arrow indicates the buccal cavity); (D) posterior region (tail).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B663EFFC796089DAAF81296FDD9E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="244" startId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC796089DAAF81296FDD9E4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC796089DAAF8129525D9B3" bold="true" box="[152,274,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="244">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC796089C2CF81D963CD9B3" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[286,523,1944,1968]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="244" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC796089C2CF81D963CD9B3" box="[286,523,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="244">Acantholaimus pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC796089F20F81D967CD9B3" box="[530,587,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="244" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC796089F20F81D961DD9AC" bold="true" box="[530,554,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="244">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC796089F04F81D9673D9AC" bold="true" box="[566,580,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="244">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B663EFFC696099DAAF80F95D9D9F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="245" startId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" targetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC696099DAAF80F95D9D9F6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1930,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC696099DAAF80F9526D9BE" bold="true" box="[152,273,1930,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="245">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC696099C2EF80F963ED9BE" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[284,521,1930,1954]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="245" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC696099C2EF80F963ED9BE" box="[284,521,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="245">Acantholaimus pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC696099F3DF80F9670D9BD" box="[527,583,1930,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="245" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC696099F3DF80F9610D9BE" bold="true" box="[527,551,1930,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="245">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC696099F00F80F9677D9BE" bold="true" box="[562,576,1930,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="245">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34E653DFFC996069DF5FF1297F1DEAD" box="[199,966,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC996069DF5FF1297F1DEAD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,966,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DF5FF12957FDEAD" bold="true" box="[199,328,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Etymology</emphasis>
. In reference to the shape of the teeth, similar to a stylet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E653DFFC996069DF5FF3E9130DAD9" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC996069DF5FF3E90CDDD25" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DF5FF3E954FDEC9" bold="true" box="[199,376,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<typeStatus id="54EF8814FFC996069DF5FF3E9503DEC9" box="[199,308,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male
</emphasis>
. Body cylindrical 888 μm long (706 μm excluding tail) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069921FF3E904EDEC9" box="[1043,1145,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region; (C) spicules and gubernaculum; (D) posterior region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325948/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC9960699BAFF3E909ADEC9" box="[1160,1197,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">3A</figureCitation>
). Body attenuated at extremities, strongly narrowed anterior end (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069FAEFF5A96CCDEE5" box="[668,763,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region; (C) spicules and gubernaculum; (D) posterior region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325948/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069E39FF5A9718DEE5" box="[779,815,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">3B</figureCitation>
). Punctuated cuticle, the points are so delicate that it is difficult to see. Cuticular pores not observed. Anterior sensilla arranged in the 6+6+4 pattern: six inner labial papilliform sensilla, six outer labial papilliform sensilla and four cephalic setiform sensilla (2 μm long) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069804FEA291B9DF5D" box="[1334,1422,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
), corresponding to 83% of head diameter. Ventrally spiral amphidial fovea (single-spiral), rounded with posterior interruption, located 26 µm (8.7 x head diameter) from anterior end and occupying 71% of corresponding body diameter (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069C35FE169550DFB1" box="[263,359,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region; (C) spicules and gubernaculum; (D) posterior region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325948/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069C40FE1695A1DFB1" box="[370,406,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">3C</figureCitation>
). Cervical setae present, however it is likely that some of these have been lost. In the
<typeStatus id="54EF8814FFC996069808FE1691ABDFB1" box="[1338,1436,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
only one pair of cervical setae were observed, the first (latero-subdorsal) is 17 µm and the second (latero-subventral) is 21 µm from the posterior edge of the amphidial fovea. Buccal cavity reduced. Cheilostom rugae indiscernible under a light microscope. Two long and thin protractible stylet-like teeth (42 µm), about 19% of pharynx length (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC99606980AFE7A91B8DC05" box="[1336,1423,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Pharynx (220 μm long) with narrowing in the second third of its length, and expanded in the final third forming an elongated basal bulb (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069CB9FDC295D5DC7D" box="[395,482,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Bulb occupying 23.4% of pharynx length. Cardia embedded in intestine. Nerve ring situated at 51% of the pharynx length, from anterior end (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069E10FDEE974CDC99" box="[802,891,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Ventral gland and secretory-excretory pore not observed. Reproductive system with single anterior outstretched testis on right side of intestine (208 μm), occupying about 29% of body length (excluding tail) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069FB0FD3696EADCD1" box="[642,733,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Spicules curved, expanded and flattened in proximal portion (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069DADFD529537DCED" box="[159,256,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region; (C) spicules and gubernaculum; (D) posterior region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325948/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069C3EFD529518DCED" box="[268,303,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">3E</figureCitation>
). Gubernaculum narrow, slightly curved. Distal region so thin that it is not possible to differentiate the final bifurcation. Precloacal supplements absent. Mature spermatozoid measuring 29 x 6 μm. Three caudal glands. Tail conical-cylindrical with long filiform portion (177 µm or 14 x cloacal diameter) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC99606996AFC9A908CDD25" box="[1112,1211,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[165,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region; (C) spicules and gubernaculum; (D) posterior region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325948/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC9960699FAFC9A90D9DD25" box="[1224,1262,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[219,1361,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) holotype male, overview; (B) anterior region (cephalic arrangement, amphidial fovea and pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity, cuticular punctations); (D) tail; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, B and D = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; E = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325952/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC996069DF5FCC69130DAD9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DF5FCC695BFDD40" bold="true" box="[199,392,834,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<typeStatus id="54EF8814FFC996069DF5FCC69503DD41" box="[199,308,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
female
</emphasis>
. Similar to male. Body measuring 979 μm in length (751 μm excluding the tail), and maximum diameter 12 μm (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069C6AFCE29584DD9D" box="[344,435,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Cephalic sensilla equivalent to 50% corresponding body diameter (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC99606998BFCE29125DD9D" box="[1209,1298,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Amphidial fovea, occupying 67% of corresponding body width and located 15 µm (3.75 x head diameter) from anterior end (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069DADFC2A9503DDD5" box="[159,308,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) reproductive system (arrow indicates the vulva position); (C) anterior region (arrow indicates the buccal cavity); (D) posterior region (tail)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs. 2A, 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069C70FC2A9551DDD5" box="[322,358,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">4C</figureCitation>
). Its size is similar to that of the male, but in females it is located more anteriorly on the body. Buccal cavity and pharynx similar to that of male (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069FDFFC56977FDDF1" box="[749,840,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Teeth resemble a stylet in shape, as in males, but are smaller in the females (5 μm, about 3% of pharynx length) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069E46FC7297EFDA0D" box="[884,984,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) reproductive system (arrow indicates the vulva position); (C) anterior region (arrow indicates the buccal cavity); (D) posterior region (tail)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069ED4FC72903DDA0D" box="[998,1034,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">4C</figureCitation>
). Basal bulb occupying 75% of the corresponding body diameter and 16% of pharynx length (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069E75FB9E9793DA29" box="[839,932,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Nerve ring not visible. Ventral gland and secretory-excretory pore not observed. Cardia embedded in intestine. Vulva located 493 μm from anterior end, at 66% of body length, from anterior end excluding the tail. Two opposed, reflexed and antidromous ovaries (anterior ovary lying to right of intestine, posterior ovary to left of intestine) (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069E99FB029038DABD" box="[939,1039,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) reproductive system (arrow indicates the vulva position); (C) anterior region (arrow indicates the buccal cavity); (D) posterior region (tail)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC99606992FFB029074DABD" box="[1053,1091,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-29@7.[151,1436,181,1906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) anterior region (pharyngeal region); (C) anterior region (buccal cavity. cephalic setae? arrangement and amphidial fovea); (D) reproductive system. Scale bars: A= 50 µm. B= 20 µm. C = 5 µm and D = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325954/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">4D</figureCitation>
). Anterior and posterior ovary measuring respectively 288 and 156 μm. Tail conical-cylindrical with long filiform portion (
<figureCitation id="136F2A33FFC996069992FB2E90CDDAD9" box="[1184,1274,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[199,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantholaimus pugious sp. n.: (A) paratype female, overview; (B) reproductive system (arrow indicates the vulva position); (C) anterior region (arrow indicates the buccal cavity); (D) posterior region (tail)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7325950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7325950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E653DFFC996079DF5FB4B95FBDEC9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC996069DF5FB4B9542DB49" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DF5FB4B950DDAF4" bold="true" box="[199,314,1230,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069C7BFB4A9665DAF4" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[329,594,1231,1257]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C7BFB4A9665DAF4" box="[329,594,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Acantholaimus pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069F6BFB4A96ADDAF5" bold="true" box="[601,666,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC996069F6BFB4A96ADDAF5" box="[601,666,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterized by narrow and elongated anterior end, two thin and long stylet-like teeth, amphidial fovea far from the anterior end (3.88.6 x head diameter) occupying most of the corresponding body diameter, cuticle with delicate and faint punctations and cervical setae without a specific distribution pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC996069DF5FADB9760D831" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DF5FADB95E7DB64" bold="true" box="[199,464,1374,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species shares the following features with
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC99606991FFADA915EDB65" authorityName="Gourbault &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1985" box="[1069,1385,1375,1401]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microdontus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC99606991FFADA915EDB65" box="[1069,1385,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Acantholaimus microdontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the relatively large amphidial fovea (7885% of corresponding body diameter in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069927FA0690F5DB81" authorityName="Gourbault &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1985" box="[1045,1218,1411,1437]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microdontus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069927FA0690F5DB81" box="[1045,1218,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. microdontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 6781% in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC9960698B6FA0694C7DBDC" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC9960698B6FA0694C7DBDC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DCAFA22950FDBDD" bold="true" box="[248,312,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC996069DCAFA22950FDBDD" box="[248,312,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
); elongated basal bulb and de Mans ratio c (
<quantity id="4CAC9B53FFC996069E0AFA23979CDBDD" box="[824,939,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2065" metricValueMax="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMin="1.1176" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="4.75" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.4">4.45.1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069E81FA229069DBDD" authorityName="Gourbault &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1985" box="[947,1118,1447,1473]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microdontus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E81FA229069DBDD" box="[947,1118,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. microdontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CAC9B53FFC9960699A4FA2390E9DBDD" box="[1174,1246,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">35 in</quantity>
the new specie). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069C39FA4E9581DBF9" authorityName="Gourbault &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1985" box="[267,438,1483,1509]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microdontus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C39FA4E9581DBF9" box="[267,438,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. microdontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinct characteristics such as maximum body diameter about 24 times wider than
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069DA5FA6A9539D814" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,270,1519,1545]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DA5FA6A9539D814" box="[151,270,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C26FA6A9564D815" bold="true" box="[276,339,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC996069C26FA6A9564D815" box="[276,339,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; the length of the spicules (2532 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069E2AFA6A97F6D815" authorityName="Gourbault &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1985" box="[792,961,1519,1545]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microdontus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E2AFA6A97F6D815" box="[792,961,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. microdontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs 1821 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069948FA6A90C6D814" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[1146,1265,1519,1545]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069948FA6A90BCD815" box="[1146,1163,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC9960699AAFA6A90C6D814" box="[1176,1265,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC9960699C5FA6A9102D815" bold="true" box="[1271,1333,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC9960699C5FA6A9102D815" box="[1271,1333,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), and the de Mans ratio a 1.82.6 times smaller than in the new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC996069DF5F9B296FCD919" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069DF5F9B2963BD84D" authorityName="Miljutina &amp; Miljutin" authorityYear="2012" box="[199,524,1591,1617]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="veitkoehlerae">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DF5F9B2963BD84D" box="[199,524,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Acantholaimus veitkoehlerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with the new species features such as: presence of the elongated basal bulb; amphidial fovea diameter (69 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069F74F9DE96CAD869" authorityName="Miljutina &amp; Miljutin" authorityYear="2012" box="[582,765,1627,1653]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="veitkoehlerae">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069F74F9DE96CAD869" box="[582,765,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. veitkoehlerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 58 μm in the new species); de Mans ratio b (4.66.6 µm in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069DD2F9FA95A2D885" authorityName="Miljutina &amp; Miljutin" authorityYear="2012" box="[224,405,1663,1689]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="veitkoehlerae">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DD2F9FA95A2D885" box="[224,405,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. veitkoehlerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 46 µm in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069F76F9FA968BD884" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[580,700,1663,1689]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069F76F9FA968BD884" box="[580,700,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC996069FF0F9FA96C8D885" box="[706,767,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Nevertheless,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069E80F9FA905FD885" authorityName="Miljutina &amp; Miljutin" authorityYear="2012" box="[946,1128,1663,1689]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="veitkoehlerae">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E80F9FA905FD885" box="[946,1128,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. veitkoehlerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents numerous somatic setae along the entire body, with these setae absent in the new species; gubernaculum 1.73.3 times longer that in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069DA5F9429525D8FC" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,274,1735,1761]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DA5F9429525D8FC" box="[151,274,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; buccal cavity armed with five sclerotized onchia usually found in the genus, while the new species possesses two onchia resembling a stylet in shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B6FFC996079DF5F88A95FBDEC9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069DF5F88A95EBD934" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[199,476,1807,1833]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DF5F88A95EBD934" box="[199,476,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">Acantholaimus angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles the new species in terms of the presence of an elongated bulb, de Mans ratio b (
<quantity id="4CAC9B53FFC996069DDCF8B7957BD951" box="[238,332,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4223999999999999" metricValueMax="1.5748" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="5.6" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="5.0">56.2 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069C61F8B695E1D950" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[339,470,1843,1869]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C61F8B69553D951" box="[339,356,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C40F8B695E1D950" box="[370,470,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CAC9B53FFC996069F3EF8B69664D951" box="[524,595,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">46 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069F6BF8B696E6D950" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[601,721,1843,1869]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069F6BF8B696E6D950" box="[601,721,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and ratio between total body length and tail length (
<quantity id="4CAC9B53FFC996069818F8B791ABD951" box="[1322,1436,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMax="1.397" metricValueMin="1.1938" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="5.1" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.7">4.75.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069DA5F8D29525D96D" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,274,1879,1905]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069DA5F8D29525D96D" box="[151,274,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A.angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CAC9B53FFC996069C75F8D395BBD96D" box="[327,396,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">35 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069CA0F8D2963ED96C" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[402,521,1879,1905]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069CA0F8D29594D96D" box="[402,419,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C82F8D2963ED96C" box="[432,521,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Yet,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069F7DF8D296E6D96C" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[591,721,1879,1905]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069F7DF8D29657D96D" box="[591,608,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069F5FF8D296E6D96C" box="[621,721,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069E53F8D297EFD96C" authority="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres, 2022" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[865,984,1879,1905]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E53F8D29745D96D" box="[865,882,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E4DF8D297EFD96C" box="[895,984,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069EEFF8D2902CD96D" bold="true" box="[989,1051,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DFFFC996069EEFF8D2902CD96D" box="[989,1051,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the following features: six outer labial sensilla visible in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069C9CF8FE9604D988" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[430,563,1915,1941]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C9CF8FE9588D989" box="[430,447,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069CFDF8FE9604D988" box="[463,563,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6 μm long) whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069E60F8FE97FBD988" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[850,972,1915,1941]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E60F8FE9754D989" box="[850,867,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E41F8FE97FBD988" box="[883,972,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the sensilla are papilliform;
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069825F8FE91AAD988" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[1303,1437,1915,1941]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069825F8FE911FD989" box="[1303,1320,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC99606980BF8FE91AAD988" box="[1337,1437,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses four setae close to the amphidial fovea, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069E7EF81A97FFD9A4" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[844,968,1951,1977]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E7EF81A976AD9A5" box="[844,861,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069E5DF81A97FFD9A4" box="[879,968,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the corresponding structures are absent; cephalic setae in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069C66F84695E0D9C0" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[340,471,1987,2013]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C66F8469552D9C1" box="[340,357,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069C41F84695E0D9C0" box="[371,471,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are 5 times longer than in the new species; the amphidial fovea in males of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC996069828F84691AAD9C0" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[1306,1437,1987,2013]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC996069828F84691AAD9C0" box="[1306,1437,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="246">A. angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is located at 0.93 times head diameter from the anterior end, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D35FFC896079E97FF12902ADEAC" authorityName="Manoel &amp; Esteves &amp; Neres" authorityYear="2022" box="[933,1053,151,177]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Acantholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pugious">
<emphasis id="B920EAA4FFC896079E97FF12902ADEAC" box="[933,1053,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="247">A. pugious</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the amphids are 68.7 times head diameter from anterior end.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>