258 lines
48 KiB
XML
258 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="E16E7B5C151AA212388EFAD681946F5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="293303" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53749253-12aa-41cc-9eec-e28c0b075738" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949919" ID-ZooBank="F8991F09-B5FB-40EF-B4CC-474D925085B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484962835" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gale, Andrew Scott" docDate="2021" docId="B9207C419A6AFFE40CC8FD7BFD98FDA5" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.19.10.691-741.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Bulbosphaeraster valettei Gale 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="719" masterDocId="451904399A76FFFB0F0FFF8CFF93FF93" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)" masterLastPageNumber="741" masterPageNumber="691" pageNumber="718" updateTime="1712755325394" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ADB6B130A4D170D6BCFF783CB6A6D738">
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<mods:title id="8016BE5580538ECF078220D5ACEB61C0">Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BF93D4C2339BB36338DD863CBF25943D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4B709E1E226E90C398C43AF23C594066">Gale, Andrew Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AED88F9880D168980149A7F6C5857038">School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 1 3 QL UK; & Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8C058B26DAD288B8857F08BD56455D7B">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8847D5972F5FD7AAE25FA5D26E66A87D">
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<mods:date id="E80D9CED1DB5FB369483E4A321F0FA34">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E079CF2484822C728AF6F5789BCE75D9">2021-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="447A30456EC82D41A8589995DBB88151">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="FDCABAC8BD22EA95E582840EBD615794">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="B9207C419A6AFFE40CC8FD7BFD98FDA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10955111" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A6AFFE40CC8FD7BFD98FDA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9207C419A6AFFE40CC8FD7BFD98FDA5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="719" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A6AFFE70CC8FD7BFAA1FCA2" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE70CC8FD7BFAD3FC9D" blockId="28.[967,1344,759,818]" box="[967,1344,759,782]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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<heading id="6A7E7A3B9A6AFFE70CC8FD7BFAD3FC9D" box="[967,1344,759,782]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A6AFFE70CC8FD7BFB72FC9D" ID-CoL="8RW8G" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[967,1249,759,782]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Bulbosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="valettei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70CC8FD7BFB72FC9D" bold="true" box="[967,1249,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Bulbosphaeraster valettei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A6AFFE70BE5FD7BFAD3FC9D" box="[1258,1344,759,782]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE70CDAFC96FAA1FCA2" blockId="28.[967,1344,759,818]" box="[981,1330,794,818]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6AFFE70CD1FC96FBCFFCA2" box="[990,1116,794,817]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[159,226,1563,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-1@13.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Ambulacrals of sphaerasterids. A–D, Sphaeraster tabulatus (Goldfuss, 1833); A, B, proximal ambulacral in actinal and proximal/distal aspects, respectively (NHMUK EE 17633); C, D, actinal views of ambulacrals from mid-radius (NHMUK EE 17623a, 17634). E, P, Q, Podosphaeraster pulvinatus Rowe & Nichols, 1980; E, enlargement of actinal view of base of ambulacral; P, Q, actinal and proximal/distal views of ambulacral, respectively (Mnhnl OPH176). F, G, Eosphaeraster amellagensis gen. et sp. nov., ambulacral in actinal and proximal/distal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17635). H–K, N, O, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907). H–K, proximal/distal views of ambulacral, note cavity replacing articulation facet (I); L, M, Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., ambulacral in actinal and proximal/distal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17636); N, O, actinal views of ambulacrals (NHMUK EE 17637a, b). Provenance: A–D are from the upper Oxfordian, Hypsilum ammonite Zone, Plettenberg, near Balingen, Germany. F, G are from the upper Pliensbachian, outcrop on south side of wadi immediately to west of road, 0.5km south of the Kasbah of Amellago, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. L, M are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. H–K, N–O are from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. E, P, Q are Recent, Philippines. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, G, J–Q = 0.5mm; C = 1 mm; E, H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10949931/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Figs 6L, M</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6AFFE70B65FC96FB1FFCA2" box="[1130,1164,794,817]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[159,226,1542,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-1@17.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Oral ossicles of sphaerasterids. A–E, Sphaeraster tabulatus (Goldfuss, 1833); A, D, interradial view of orals of smaller individuals (NHMUK EE 17642, 17643); B, E, interradial (B) and radial (E) views of small oral (NHMUK EE 17644); C, large oral, interradial view (NHMUK EE 17623b). F, I, Eosphaeraster amellagensis gen. et sp. nov., oral in interradial and radial views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17645). G, oral ossicle of possible stauranderasterid or sphaerasterid, interradial view (MnhnL OPH173). H, oral ossicle, probably from Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., interradial view (NHMUK EE 17646). J, L, oral ossicle of Podosphaeraster pulvinatus Rowe & Nichols, 1980, in interradial and radial views, respectively (MhnhL OPH174–176). K, M, oral ossicle of Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), in interradial and radial views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17637h). N, interradial view of oral ossicle of Manfredaster bulbiferus (Forbes, 1848) (NHMUK EE 17647a). Provenance: A–E are from the upper Oxfordian, Hypsilum ammonite Zone, Plettenberg, near Balingen, Germany. F, I are from the upper Pliensbachian, outcrop on south side of wadi immediately to west of road, 0.5 km south of the Kasbah of Amellago, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. G is from the Carnian (Upper Triassic), Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy. H is from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. K, M, N are from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. J, L are Recent, Philippines. Scale bars: A, D, G, H, K, M = 0.5mm; B, E = 0.2 mm; C, F, I, J, L, N = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955081/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">8H</figureCitation>
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, 19B,
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6AFFE70BD9FC96FAB9FCA2" box="[1238,1322,794,818]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">20A–M</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A6AFFE70C43FCE6FB8AFC70" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE70C43FCE6FB8AFC70" blockId="28.[844,1467,874,996]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70C43FCE6FC0BFC12" bold="true" box="[844,920,874,897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Types.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A6AFFE70CAAFCE6FADFFC31" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" specimenCode="EE 17670, EE 17671-17679" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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The primary interradial ossicle figured here is the
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A6AFFE70C77FC07FC46FC31" box="[888,981,907,930]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6AFFE70CE5FC07FBDFFC31" box="[1002,1100,907,930]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
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,
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<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70B51FC07FB50FC31" box="[1118,1219,907,930]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="612F652C9A6AFFE70BC1FC07FAD2FC31" box="[1230,1345,907,930]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="Museum">EE 17670</specimenCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A6AFFE70A57FC07FB86FC70" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" specimenCode="EE 17670, EE 17671-17679" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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the other figured ossicles are
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A6AFFE70BBFFC20FA85FC50" box="[1200,1302,940,963]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70A5BFC20FA28FC50" box="[1364,1467,940,963]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="612F652C9A6AFFE70C43FC40FB9EFC70" box="[844,1037,972,996]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="Museum">EE 17671–17679</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A6AFFE70C43FC70FAB7FB36" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE70C43FC70FB14FB80" blockId="28.[844,1159,1020,1043]" box="[844,1159,1020,1043]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70C43FC70FC52FB80" bold="true" box="[844,961,1020,1043]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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As for the genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE70C43FBA0FAB7FB36" blockId="28.[844,1466,1068,1189]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70C43FBA0FBD8FBD0" bold="true" box="[844,1099,1068,1091]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
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In honour of the late Dom Auŕelien Valette, who identified that the material belonged to a different genus and species, in his labels with the specimens in the Dijon collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A6AFFE70C43FB32FA1DFACB" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE70C43FB32FA1DFACB" blockId="28.[844,1467,1214,1368]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70C43FB32FC24FB46" bold="true" box="[844,951,1214,1237]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Material.</emphasis>
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Two abactinal ossicles in the Valette Collection, Dijon (UdB, unregistered), 25 abactinal ossicles (
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<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70CBBFA8CFB88FA84" box="[948,1051,1280,1303]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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EE 17670–17679, 17703) from the Bathonian,
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A6AFFE70CC0FAACFB3FFAA4" box="[975,1196,1312,1335]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Perisphinctidae" genus="Zigzagiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zigzag">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70CC0FAACFB3FFAA4" box="[975,1196,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Zigzagiceras zigzag</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ammonite Zone of La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone (Ard̀eche,
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<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A6AFFE70A3AFACDFA10FACB" box="[1333,1411,1345,1368]" name="France" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">France</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A6AFFE60C42FAFDFC42F880" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="719" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE60C42FAFDFC42F880" blockId="28.[845,1467,1393,1678]" lastBlockId="29.[844,1467,1488,1811]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="719" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70C42FAFDFC44FA1B" bold="true" box="[845,983,1393,1416]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Description.</emphasis>
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The species is known from primary abactinal ossicles that can be identified with reference to articulated material of
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A6AFFE70B51FA3EFAC0FA5A" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1118,1363,1458,1481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tabulatus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70B51FA3EFAC0FA5A" box="[1118,1363,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Sphaeraster tabulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ce, pr, pir). All abactinal ossicles have a similar sculpture of evenly placed, rather widely spaced spine pits, each of which has a broad, raised, crater-like rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6AFFE70A2BF999FA38F9BF" box="[1316,1451,1556,1580]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Fig. 20A–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ossicles articulate by means of rectangular to oval surfaces centrally placed on each lateral surface, which are irregularly pitted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6AFFE70B69F9FBFA92F91D" box="[1126,1281,1655,1678]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Fig. 20D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pir are vertically symmetrical, heptagonal, slightly broader than tall, and carry an evenly rounded, bulbous swelling on the upper central part of the outer face (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60DECF99DFE86F9DA" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 20A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The swelling carries large, irregular spine pits and shows probable
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60ECBF9DEFD80F9FA" box="[452,531,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
abrasion. The pr are hexagonal and rounded in outline, vertically symmetrical and gently swollen centrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60D5BF91FFD2CF939" box="[596,703,1683,1706]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal articular facet is broader than the distal one. The ce (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60E0DF958FEF0F978" box="[258,355,1748,1771]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 20L</figureCitation>
|
||
) is equilaterally pentagonal and gently convex, and the proximal margin carries a rounded notch for the periproct. Each side carries two to four papular notches concentrated at the corners (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60D94F8BAFD6EF8DE" box="[667,765,1846,1869]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Possible ico ossicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60E94F8DAFE6DF8FE" box="[411,510,1878,1901]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are pentagonal with a dense cover of spine pits. Distal abactinal ossicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60C5AFA7EFC2DF99A" box="[853,958,1522,1545]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
||
) are broad and concavo-convex. The position of other abactinal ossicles figured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60A26F99FFC36F9D8" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="35.[159,226,1734,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-1@34.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 20. Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles. A, probable primary radial ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17672); B, E, holotype, primary interradial ossicle, in external and lateral views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17670); C, D, probable inner calycinal ossicle, paratype (NHMUK EE 17671). The other specimens (F, G, H, J, L, M) are abactinal ossicles of indeterminate position, all paratypes (NHMUK EE 17674–79). I, probable centrale (NHMUK EE 17673); K, enlargement of surface of H. Provenance: all are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. Scale bars: A–J, L, M = 5 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955093/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 20F, H, J, L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
) is uncertain, but they all share the same distinctive sculpture. Ambulacrals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60BB0F9DAFAD2F9FE" box="[1215,1345,1622,1645]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[159,226,1563,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-1@13.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Ambulacrals of sphaerasterids. A–D, Sphaeraster tabulatus (Goldfuss, 1833); A, B, proximal ambulacral in actinal and proximal/distal aspects, respectively (NHMUK EE 17633); C, D, actinal views of ambulacrals from mid-radius (NHMUK EE 17623a, 17634). E, P, Q, Podosphaeraster pulvinatus Rowe & Nichols, 1980; E, enlargement of actinal view of base of ambulacral; P, Q, actinal and proximal/distal views of ambulacral, respectively (Mnhnl OPH176). F, G, Eosphaeraster amellagensis gen. et sp. nov., ambulacral in actinal and proximal/distal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17635). H–K, N, O, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907). H–K, proximal/distal views of ambulacral, note cavity replacing articulation facet (I); L, M, Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., ambulacral in actinal and proximal/distal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17636); N, O, actinal views of ambulacrals (NHMUK EE 17637a, b). Provenance: A–D are from the upper Oxfordian, Hypsilum ammonite Zone, Plettenberg, near Balingen, Germany. F, G are from the upper Pliensbachian, outcrop on south side of wadi immediately to west of road, 0.5km south of the Kasbah of Amellago, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. L, M are from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. H–K, N–O are from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. E, P, Q are Recent, Philippines. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, G, J–Q = 0.5mm; C = 1 mm; E, H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10949931/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 6L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
) are short and broad, with a straight basal margin, and the padam and dadam sites are positioned on the lateral surfaces. A single oral ossicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A6BFFE60BC8F936FAB1F942" box="[1223,1314,1722,1745]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[159,226,1542,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-1@17.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Oral ossicles of sphaerasterids. A–E, Sphaeraster tabulatus (Goldfuss, 1833); A, D, interradial view of orals of smaller individuals (NHMUK EE 17642, 17643); B, E, interradial (B) and radial (E) views of small oral (NHMUK EE 17644); C, large oral, interradial view (NHMUK EE 17623b). F, I, Eosphaeraster amellagensis gen. et sp. nov., oral in interradial and radial views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17645). G, oral ossicle of possible stauranderasterid or sphaerasterid, interradial view (MnhnL OPH173). H, oral ossicle, probably from Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., interradial view (NHMUK EE 17646). J, L, oral ossicle of Podosphaeraster pulvinatus Rowe & Nichols, 1980, in interradial and radial views, respectively (MhnhL OPH174–176). K, M, oral ossicle of Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), in interradial and radial views, respectively (NHMUK EE 17637h). N, interradial view of oral ossicle of Manfredaster bulbiferus (Forbes, 1848) (NHMUK EE 17647a). Provenance: A–E are from the upper Oxfordian, Hypsilum ammonite Zone, Plettenberg, near Balingen, Germany. F, I are from the upper Pliensbachian, outcrop on south side of wadi immediately to west of road, 0.5 km south of the Kasbah of Amellago, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. G is from the Carnian (Upper Triassic), Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy. H is from the lower Bathonian, Zigzagiceras zigzag ammonite Zone at La Pouza, near La Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ard̀eche, France. K, M, N are from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. J, L are Recent, Philippines. Scale bars: A, D, G, H, K, M = 0.5mm; B, E = 0.2 mm; C, F, I, J, L, N = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
) is tall, and the apophyse is directed proximally; the oradam is tall and narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="65F69DDF9A6AFFE70F90F95EFD68F8FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10955089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955089/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" startId="28.[159,226,1746,1767]" subCaptionStartIDs="28.[159,188,1772,1793] 28.[533,569,1772,1793] 28.[1200,1236,1772,1793] 28.[304,340,1799,1820]" subCaptionStarts="fig. 12 & figs 7 & figs 13 & figs 9" targetBox="[159,1467,188,1921]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A6AFFE70F90F95EFD68F8FF" blockId="28.[159,1468,1746,1900]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70F90F95EFE9AF974" bold="true" box="[159,265,1746,1767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A6AFFE70E1AF95EFD5DF974" authority="(Goldfuss, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[277,718,1746,1767]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Echinosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70E1AF95EFD8CF974" box="[277,543,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Echinosphaeraster scutatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Goldfuss, 1833)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70DD4F95EFC82F974" bold="true" box="[731,785,1746,1767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">A, B,</emphasis>
|
||
fragments of actinal surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70B34F95EFBC0F974" bold="true" box="[1083,1107,1746,1767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">A,</emphasis>
|
||
original of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A6AFFE70BC4F95EFAFFF974" author="Quenstedt, F. A." box="[1227,1388,1746,1767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" refId="ref29038" refString="Quenstedt, F. A. 1858. Der Jura. L. F. Fuess, Leipzig, 842 pp." type="book" year="1858">Quenstedt (1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 94, fig. 12) and Schondorf (1906a, pl. 1, figs 7, 8) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70D8FF960FD2AF892" box="[640,697,1772,1793]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b26r-wc8g" name="Institut und Museum fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Universitat Tuebingen" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">GPIT</collectionCode>
|
||
/80/94-12);
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70C25F960FCD3F892" bold="true" box="[810,832,1772,1793]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">B,</emphasis>
|
||
original of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A6AFFE70CB7F960FBCBF892" author="Quenstedt, F. A." box="[952,1112,1772,1793]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" refId="ref29038" refString="Quenstedt, F. A. 1858. Der Jura. L. F. Fuess, Leipzig, 842 pp." type="book" year="1858">Quenstedt (1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 94, figs 13, 14) and Schondorf (1906a, pl. 1, figs 9, 10) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70EA4F88BFE77F88F" box="[427,484,1799,1820]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b26r-wc8g" name="Institut und Museum fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Universitat Tuebingen" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">GPIT</collectionCode>
|
||
/80/94-12).
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70D5AF88BFD1DF88F" bold="true" box="[597,654,1799,1820]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">C, D,</emphasis>
|
||
primary radial plate, in lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70CD8F88BFC7BF88F" bold="true" box="[983,1000,1799,1820]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">D</emphasis>
|
||
) and external (
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70B89F88BFB04F88F" bold="true" box="[1158,1175,1799,1820]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70BFEF88BFABAF88F" box="[1265,1321,1799,1820]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b26r-wc8g" name="Institut und Museum fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Universitat Tuebingen" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">GPIT</collectionCode>
|
||
/A5/52).
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70A8DF88BFA28F88F" bold="true" box="[1410,1467,1799,1820]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">E, K,</emphasis>
|
||
large spine from abactinal plates, in basal (
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70D59F8AEFDF5F8A4" bold="true" box="[598,614,1826,1847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70DFCF8AEFC96F8A4" bold="true" box="[755,773,1826,1847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">K</emphasis>
|
||
) views (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70C6EF8AEFC09F8A4" box="[865,922,1826,1847]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b26r-wc8g" name="Institut und Museum fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Universitat Tuebingen" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">GPIT</collectionCode>
|
||
/A5/51).
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70CFEF8AEFBCCF8A4" bold="true" box="[1009,1119,1826,1847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">F, G, I, J,</emphasis>
|
||
abactinal plates (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70A1DF8AEFAD9F8A4" box="[1298,1354,1826,1847]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b26r-wc8g" name="Institut und Museum fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Universitat Tuebingen" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">GPIT</collectionCode>
|
||
/A5/52).
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6AFFE70AADF8AEFA28F8A4" bold="true" box="[1442,1467,1826,1847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">H,</emphasis>
|
||
radial plate, external view (
|
||
<collectionCode id="579855929A6AFFE70EBFF8B0FE7BF8C2" box="[432,488,1852,1873]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b26r-wc8g" name="Institut und Museum fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Universitat Tuebingen" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">GPIT</collectionCode>
|
||
/A5/52). All specimens from the Weisser Jura e or Malm of the Swabian Alb, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A6AFFE70A53F8B0FA2BF8C2" box="[1372,1464,1852,1873]" name="Germany" pageId="28" pageNumber="718">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Scale bars: A–D, F, I, J =
|
||
<quantity id="F67160B29A6AFFE70EA6F8DBFE7FF8FF" box="[425,492,1879,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
; E, K =
|
||
<quantity id="F67160B29A6AFFE70D47F8DBFD13F8FF" box="[584,640,1879,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; G =
|
||
<quantity id="F67160B29A6AFFE70DB0F8DBFD64F8FF" box="[703,759,1879,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="718" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="65F69DDF9A6BFFE60F90FAD9FE75FA0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10949941/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="719" startId="29.[159,226,1365,1386]" targetBox="[208,1421,186,1328]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A6BFFE60F90FAD9FE75FA0C" blockId="29.[159,1467,1365,1439]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60F90FAD9FE82FAF9" bold="true" box="[159,273,1365,1386]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A6BFFE60E13FAD9FD7EFAF9" authority="(Goldfuss, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[284,749,1365,1386]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Echinosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="719" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60E13FAD9FDBDFAF9" box="[284,558,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Echinosphaeraster scutatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Goldfuss, 1833)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Reconstructions and interpretative drawings.
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60BD5FAD9FB62FAF9" bold="true" box="[1242,1265,1365,1386]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">A,</emphasis>
|
||
abactinal view of individual, colouration as in Figure 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60D11FAFCFDA7FA16" bold="true" box="[542,564,1392,1413]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">B,</emphasis>
|
||
primary radial plate, to show papular openings.
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60B16FAFCFBA2FA16" bold="true" box="[1049,1073,1392,1413]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">C,</emphasis>
|
||
cross section of individual.
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60A43FAFCFAF7FA16" bold="true" box="[1356,1380,1392,1413]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">D,</emphasis>
|
||
drawing of specimen figured in Figure 13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A6BFFE40C43F8B9FD98FDA5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="721" pageId="29" pageNumber="719" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A6BFFE40C43F8B9FD98FDA5" blockId="29.[844,1467,1845,1901]" lastBlockId="31.[159,782,189,566]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="721" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60C43F8B9FC28F8DF" bold="true" box="[844,955,1845,1868]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A6BFFE60CC4F8B9FB1AF8DF" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[971,1161,1845,1868]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Bulbosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="719" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60CC4F8B9FB1AF8DF" box="[971,1161,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Bulbosphaeraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A6BFFE60B95F8B9FA94F8DF" box="[1178,1287,1845,1868]" pageId="29" pageNumber="719" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from its closest relative,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A6BFFE60BEEF8DAFAEEF8FE" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[1249,1405,1878,1901]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Eosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="719" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A6BFFE60BEEF8DAFAEEF8FE" box="[1249,1405,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="719">Eosphaeraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A6BFFE40A82F8DAFF43FF47" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="721" pageId="29" pageNumber="719" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, by the swollen central areas on the pr and pir, the triplet of papular openings at each triple plate boundary (there are up to
|
||
<quantity id="F67160B29A69FFE40E58FF71FE02FE87" box="[343,401,253,276]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A69FFE40E94FF71FDA4FE87" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[411,567,253,276]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Eosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40E94FF71FDA4FE87" box="[411,567,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Eosphaeraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A69FFE40D4EFF71FD3AFE87" box="[577,681,253,276]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) and the nature of the articulation of the distal abactinal ossicles. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A69FFE40FB1FEB1FEEFFEC7" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[190,380,317,340]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Bulbosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40FB1FEB1FEEFFEC7" box="[190,380,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Bulbosphaeraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A69FFE40E8AFEB1FE79FEC7" box="[389,490,317,340]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the articulations are proximally imbricating and possess a single central articular facet. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A69FFE40E0EFEF2FE0EFE06" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[257,413,382,405]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Eosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40E0EFEF2FE0EFE06" box="[257,413,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Eosphaeraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A69FFE40EA9FEF2FD98FE06" box="[422,523,382,405]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
they consist of vertical articular bars separated by papular notches. Ambulacrals, adambulacrals and orals are similar. The crater-rimmed spine pits present on all abactinal/actinal ossicles are found only on actinal ossicles of other sphaerasterids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A69FFE40E47FD93FE0DFDA5" box="[328,414,543,566]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[159,226,1674,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-1@19.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeraster tabulatus (Goldfuss, 1833). A, B, reconstructed fragments of the abactinal surface of an individual (NHMUK EE 17623h, i); A, shows the space occupied by the madreporite; B, largely consists of a row of radial plates. E, actinal fragment of same specimen (NHMUK EE 17623j). C, D, G, isolated distal abactinal or actinal plates (NHMUK EE 17623k–m). F, abactinal showing growth banding (NHMUK EE 17648). H, K, radial plate showing in vivo breakage (NHMUK EE 17649). I, J, spine originally attached to abactinal plate (NHMUK EE 17623n). L, O, small radial plates (NHMUK EE 17652, 17653). M, P, radial plate (NHMUK EE 17650). N, Q, very large primary radial plate, showing ring of spine attachment sites (NHMUK EE 17651). Provenance: upper Oxfordian, Hypsilum ammonite Zone, Plettenberg, near Balingen, Germany. Scale bars: A, B, F, M, N, P, Q = 10mm; C–E, G, H, L, O = 5 mm; I, J = 1 mm; K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955085/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Figs 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A69FFE40EA3FD93FE68FDA5" box="[428,507,543,566]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[159,226,1746,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[159,1467,188,1921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Echinosphaeraster scutatus (Goldfuss, 1833). A, B, fragments of actinal surface; A, original of Quenstedt (1858, pl. 94, fig. 12) and Schondorf (1906a, pl. 1, figs 7, 8) (GPIT/80/94-12); B, original of Quenstedt (1858, pl. 94, figs 13, 14) and Schondorf (1906a, pl. 1, figs 9, 10) (GPIT/80/94-12). C, D, primary radial plate, in lateral (D) and external (C) views (GPIT/A5/52). E, K, large spine from abactinal plates, in basal (E) and lateral (K) views (GPIT/A5/51). F, G, I, J, abactinal plates (GPIT/A5/52). H, radial plate, external view (GPIT/A5/52). All specimens from the Weisser Jura e or Malm of the Swabian Alb, southern Germany. Scale bars: A–D, F, I, J = 10mm; E, K = 2 mm; G = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955089/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">15A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |