168 lines
21 KiB
XML
168 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="39CCA2C07D37702C6DBBB412234E4FFA" ID-CLB-Dataset="293303" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53749253-12aa-41cc-9eec-e28c0b075738" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949919" ID-ZooBank="F8991F09-B5FB-40EF-B4CC-474D925085B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484962835" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gale, Andrew Scott" docDate="2021" docId="B9207C419A5AFFD60CF7FACFFDF4FD77" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.19.10.691-741.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Valettaster thuyi Gale 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="735" masterDocId="451904399A76FFFB0F0FFF8CFF93FF93" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)" masterLastPageNumber="741" masterPageNumber="691" pageNumber="734" updateTime="1712755325394" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6470B46FFA05AC304B0C48D7D2C4075C">Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="108D5870DB271639AC4B792ED8ED191C">Gale, Andrew Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06040E9C77A2F6561D22BB1DD4F5B24A">School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 1 3 QL UK; & Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="588CAE303AEE245EB67703551DA3EF8D">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DC516D48965C6C5BEF78B8608D59FE77">
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<mods:date id="FC973E7B44DD28600D1FA468808C10E7">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5AFFD70CF7FACFFB42FAEE" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5AFFD70CF7FACFFA9CFAC9" blockId="44.[1016,1295,1347,1405]" box="[1016,1295,1347,1370]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">
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<heading id="6A7E7A3B9A5AFFD70CF7FACFFA9CFAC9" box="[1016,1295,1347,1370]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5AFFD70CF7FACFFB23FAC9" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[1016,1200,1347,1370]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thuyi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5AFFD70CF7FACFFB23FAC9" bold="true" box="[1016,1200,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Valettaster thuyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A5AFFD70BB6FACFFA9CFAC9" box="[1209,1295,1347,1370]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5AFFD70B39FAEAFB42FAEE" blockId="44.[1016,1295,1347,1405]" box="[1078,1233,1382,1405]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A5AFFD70B30FAEAFB54FAEE" box="[1087,1223,1382,1405]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="39.[159,226,1644,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-1@38.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 22. A–D, G, J, Valettaster digitatus (Quenstedt, 1858), abactinal ossicles, in external view (A, C, D, G, J) and lateral view (B) (GPIT/A5/50). E, Valettaster ocellatus (Forbes, 1848), abactinal ossicle, in external view (NHMUK EE 17696). F, I, Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles in external view (MHNML 2020.1.2, 1.3). H, K, Valettaster granulatus (Brunnich Nielsen, 1943), abactinal ossicles, external view (SNSB-BSGP 2020 XLV1, 2). L, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), articulated group of abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637f). M, N, Valettaster thuyi sp. nov., holotype, abactinal ossicle in external and lateral views, respectively (MHNML 2020.1.1). Provenance: A–D, G, J are from the Oxfordian of Oerlingen, south Germany. B is from the Santonian of East Kent, UK. F, I are from the serpentinus ammonite Zone, Toarcian at Fougerolles, France. H, K are from the lower Maastrichtian of R¨ugen, Germany. M, N are from the bifrons ammonite Zone, Toarcian, Fougerolles, France. L is from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. Scale bars: A–E, G, H, J, K = 5 mm; F, I, L = 0.5mm; M, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955101/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Fig. 22M, N</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5AFFD70C43FA3BFA34F982" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5AFFD70C43FA3BFA34F982" blockId="44.[844,1467,1463,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5AFFD70C43FA3BFC1EFA5D" bold="true" box="[844,909,1463,1486]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Type.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A5AFFD70C96FA3BFA31F982" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectionCode="MHNML" country="France" county="Fougerolles" location="The" municipality="Zone" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location id="34569B8C9A5AFFD70C96FA3BFC51FA5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A5AFFD60CF7FACFFDF4FD77:34569B8C9A5AFFD70C96FA3BFC51FA5D" box="[921,962,1463,1486]" country="France" county="Fougerolles" municipality="Zone" name="The" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">The</location>
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specimen figured here (
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<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A5AFFD70BD5FA3BFAF4FA5D" box="[1242,1383,1463,1486]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="39.[159,226,1644,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-1@38.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 22. A–D, G, J, Valettaster digitatus (Quenstedt, 1858), abactinal ossicles, in external view (A, C, D, G, J) and lateral view (B) (GPIT/A5/50). E, Valettaster ocellatus (Forbes, 1848), abactinal ossicle, in external view (NHMUK EE 17696). F, I, Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles in external view (MHNML 2020.1.2, 1.3). H, K, Valettaster granulatus (Brunnich Nielsen, 1943), abactinal ossicles, external view (SNSB-BSGP 2020 XLV1, 2). L, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), articulated group of abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637f). M, N, Valettaster thuyi sp. nov., holotype, abactinal ossicle in external and lateral views, respectively (MHNML 2020.1.1). Provenance: A–D, G, J are from the Oxfordian of Oerlingen, south Germany. B is from the Santonian of East Kent, UK. F, I are from the serpentinus ammonite Zone, Toarcian at Fougerolles, France. H, K are from the lower Maastrichtian of R¨ugen, Germany. M, N are from the bifrons ammonite Zone, Toarcian, Fougerolles, France. L is from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. Scale bars: A–E, G, H, J, K = 5 mm; F, I, L = 0.5mm; M, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955101/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Fig. 22M, N</figureCitation>
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) is the
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A5AFFD70C43FA55FC3FFA63" box="[844,940,1497,1520]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, from the
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5AFFD70B21FA55FB6DFA63" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1070,1278,1497,1520]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Hildoceratidae" genus="Hildoceras" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bifrons">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5AFFD70B21FA55FB6DFA63" box="[1070,1278,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Hildoceras bifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ammonite
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<collectingMunicipality id="D152572D9A5AFFD70A8BFA55FA28FA63" box="[1412,1467,1497,1520]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Zone</collectingMunicipality>
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(Toarcian) at
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<collectingCounty id="D857B5DB9A5AFFD70CEDFA76FBF0F982" box="[994,1123,1530,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Fougerolles</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A5AFFD70B7FFA76FB2AF982" box="[1136,1209,1530,1553]" name="France" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">France</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="579855929A5AFFD70BC7FA76FAA3F982" box="[1224,1328,1530,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">MHNML</collectionCode>
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<date id="4537EB979A5AFFD70A36FA76FA08F982" box="[1337,1435,1530,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" value="2020-01-01">
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<collectingDate id="5573127F9A5AFFD70A36FA76FA08F982" box="[1337,1435,1530,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" value="2020-01-01">2020.1.1</collectingDate>
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</date>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5AFFD70C43F9A7FB20F94B" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5AFFD70C43F9A7FB2FF916" blockId="44.[844,1467,1579,1669]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5AFFD70C43F9A7FC52F9D1" bold="true" box="[844,961,1579,1602]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5AFFD70CC0F9A7FBD7F9D1" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1914" box="[975,1092,1579,1602]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5AFFD70CC0F9A7FBD7F9D1" box="[975,1092,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Valettaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with tabulate abactinal ossicles, the broad outer surface of which bears a branching reticulum of imperforate stereom.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3136CD579A5AFFD70C43F913FB20F94B" blockId="44.[844,1467,1695,1752]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5AFFD70C43F913FBD2F925" bold="true" box="[844,1089,1695,1718]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A5AFFD70B5FF913FB3CF94B" location="Thuy" municipality="After" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bern" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingMunicipality id="D152572D9A5AFFD70B5FF913FB1BF925" box="[1104,1160,1695,1718]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">After</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingRegion id="F34D03B59A5AFFD70B97F913FB50F925" box="[1176,1219,1695,1718]" country="Switzerland" name="Bern" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Ben</collectingRegion>
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<location id="34569B8C9A5AFFD70BDCF913FA9DF925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A5AFFD60CF7FACFFDF4FD77:34569B8C9A5AFFD70BDCF913FA9DF925" box="[1235,1294,1695,1718]" municipality="After" name="Thuy" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" stateProvince="Bern">Thuy</location>
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, who sent the
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A5AFFD70C43F94DFC3AF94B" box="[844,937,1729,1752]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen to the author
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5AFFD70C43F97EFB37F8FE" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5AFFD70C43F97EFB37F8FE" blockId="44.[844,1467,1778,1901]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">
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<emphasis id="03FD11459A5AFFD70C43F97EFC24F89A" bold="true" box="[844,951,1778,1801]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A5AFFD70CCDF97EFB37F8FE" country="France" location="Marc Chesnier" municipality="Fougerolles" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Haute-Normandie" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A5AFFD70CCDF97EFBBBF89A" box="[962,1064,1778,1801]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, a single abactinal ossicle, obtained by
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<location id="34569B8C9A5AFFD70C74F89FFBB4F8B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A5AFFD60CF7FACFFDF4FD77:34569B8C9A5AFFD70C74F89FFBB4F8B9" box="[891,1063,1811,1834]" country="France" municipality="Fougerolles" name="Marc Chesnier" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" stateProvince="Haute-Normandie">Marc Chesnier</location>
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from washed residues from the Gúerin quarry at
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<collectingMunicipality id="D152572D9A5AFFD70B12F8B9FB0DF8DF" box="[1053,1182,1845,1868]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Fougerolles</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="F34D03B59A5AFFD70BBFF8B9FAB6F8DF" box="[1200,1317,1845,1868]" country="France" name="Haute-Normandie" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">Normandy</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A5AFFD70A37F8B9FA12F8DF" box="[1336,1409,1845,1868]" name="France" pageId="44" pageNumber="734">France</collectingCountry>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A5AFFD70C43F8DAFB8EF8FE" author="Hess, H. & Thuy, B." box="[844,1053,1878,1901]" pageId="44" pageNumber="734" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref28485" refString="Hess, H. & Thuy, B. 2016. Extraordinary diversity of feather stars (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida) from a Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian - Toarcian) rock reef of Fougerolles (Normandy, France). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 136, 301 - 321." type="journal article" year="2016">Hess & Thuy 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
for details).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5BFFD60F90FF31FE44FE07" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5BFFD60F90FF31FE44FE07" blockId="45.[159,781,189,404]" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5BFFD60F90FF31FEB9FF47" bold="true" box="[159,298,189,212]" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal ossicle with outline irregularly semicircular,
|
||
<quantity id="F67160B29A5BFFD60E3BFF51FEFCFF67" box="[308,367,221,244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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in maximum dimension; one side is straight, the other bearing irregular short lobes. The ossicle is flat, with a broad external surface slightly narrower than basal breadth. The external surface shows a radial network of irregularly bifurcating ridges of smooth imperforate stereom.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A5BFFD60F90FE21FDF4FD77" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3136CD579A5BFFD60F90FE21FDF4FD77" blockId="45.[159,781,429,740]" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">
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||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5BFFD60F90FE21FE9EFE57" bold="true" box="[159,269,429,452]" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This is by a considerable margin the oldest known representative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5BFFD60EB5FE41FDBCFE77" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1914" box="[442,559,461,484]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5BFFD60EB5FE41FDBCFE77" box="[442,559,461,484]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">Valettaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(185–190 Ma), and the similarity of its highly specialized sculpture (reticulum of imperforate stereom) to that of the Cretaceous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5BFFD60DF9FD81FF4FFDD7" baseAuthorityName="Spencer" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5BFFD60DF9FD81FF4FFDD7" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">V. argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5BFFD60E2FFDA1FE35FDD7" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[288,422,557,580]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5BFFD60E2FFDA1FE35FDD7" box="[288,422,557,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">V. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirms its placement in the genus. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5BFFD60E98FDC1FD8AFDF7" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[407,537,589,612]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5BFFD60E98FDC1FD8AFDF7" box="[407,537,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">V. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the thinner abactinals, the very broad external surface and the irregularly bifurcating, radial ribbing. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A5BFFD60EE4FD01FDFFFD37" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[491,620,653,676]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Valettaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="735" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03FD11459A5BFFD60EE4FD01FDFFFD37" box="[491,620,653,676]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">V. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the abactinals are stout truncated cones, and the sculpture comprises fine radial ridges and pustules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A5BFFD60EF6FD41FDC4FD77" box="[505,599,717,740]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="39.[159,226,1644,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-1@38.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 22. A–D, G, J, Valettaster digitatus (Quenstedt, 1858), abactinal ossicles, in external view (A, C, D, G, J) and lateral view (B) (GPIT/A5/50). E, Valettaster ocellatus (Forbes, 1848), abactinal ossicle, in external view (NHMUK EE 17696). F, I, Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., abactinal ossicles in external view (MHNML 2020.1.2, 1.3). H, K, Valettaster granulatus (Brunnich Nielsen, 1943), abactinal ossicles, external view (SNSB-BSGP 2020 XLV1, 2). L, Valettaster argus (Spencer, 1907), articulated group of abactinal ossicles (NHMUK EE 17637f). M, N, Valettaster thuyi sp. nov., holotype, abactinal ossicle in external and lateral views, respectively (MHNML 2020.1.1). Provenance: A–D, G, J are from the Oxfordian of Oerlingen, south Germany. B is from the Santonian of East Kent, UK. F, I are from the serpentinus ammonite Zone, Toarcian at Fougerolles, France. H, K are from the lower Maastrichtian of R¨ugen, Germany. M, N are from the bifrons ammonite Zone, Toarcian, Fougerolles, France. L is from the coranguinum Zone, Santonian, Broadstairs, Kent, UK. Scale bars: A–E, G, H, J, K = 5 mm; F, I, L = 0.5mm; M, N = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955101/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="735">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |