treatments-xml/data/AD/0D/87/AD0D87D16034FFE9D8443332FB06F7F5.xml

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<mods:title>Orthotrichum dentatum T. Kiebacher &amp; Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas Kiebacher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Michael Lüth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Journal of Bryology</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" box="[827,1370,1381,1409]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum" status="sp. nov">
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher" authorityName="T.Kiebacher" box="[827,1275,1381,1409]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<taxonomicName box="[827,1119,1381,1409]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[827,1119,1381,1409]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName box="[827,993,1381,1409]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">Orthotrichum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" box="[1002,1370,1381,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentatum" status="sp. nov">
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher" authorityName="T.Kiebacher" box="[1002,1275,1381,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<taxonomicName box="[1002,1119,1381,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentatum">dentatum</taxonomicName>
T.Kiebacher
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&amp; Lüth
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1380,1410,1381,1409]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp</emphasis>
. 
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[827,871,1416,1444]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nov</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1277,1423,1417,1444]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStart-4="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="1.[155,218,713,733]" captionStartId-1="1.[155,218,2043,2063]" captionStartId-2="3.[155,218,162,182]" captionStartId-3="3.[155,218,2043,2063]" captionStartId-4="4.[171,234,1919,1939]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1414,163,682]" captionTargetBox-1="[212,1386,1166,2012]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1413,1082,2011]" captionTargetBox-4="[191,1411,163,1888]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[156,1414,163,682]" captionTargetId-1="figure@1.[156,1414,1121,2012]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[177,1425,163,1986]" captionTargetId-3="figure@3.[156,1414,1076,2012]" captionTargetId-4="figure@4.[191,1411,163,1888]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionTargetPageId-3="3" captionTargetPageId-4="4" captionText-0="Figure 1 Orthotrichum dentatum T. Kiebacher &amp; Lüth in southern Switzerland. (A) Lime tree (Tilia sp.) where O. dentatum was found for the first time in Switzerland. (B) Orthotrichum dentatum together with O. schimperi Hammar on the bark of the lime tree. The tuft in the front right position is O. dentatum and the tuft in the back left position is O. schimperi." captionText-1="Figure 2 Dry tuft of Orthotrichum dentatum T. Kiebacher &amp; Lüth with the characteristic straw coloured, hairy calyptrae and strongly ribbed capsules with reflexed, pale exostome teeth. M. Lüth 8009." captionText-2="Figure 3 Orthotrichum dentatum T. Kiebacher &amp; Lüth. (A) Habit, dry. (B) Shoot, wet. (C) Stem section. (D. 1) Median, (D. 2) upper and (D. 3) perichaetial leaves. (E) Decurrent leaf base of (E. 1) median and (E. 2) upper leaf. (F) Axillary hairs. (G) Leaf apices of (G. 1) upper leaves, (G. 2) leaves from a male branch with long apiculi. (H) Basal leaf cells. (I) Basal marginal leaf cells. (J) Upper leaf cells. (K) Leaf apex with gemmae formation. (L) Gemmae. (M) Calyptra. (N) Calyptra hairs. (O) Capsule, wet and dry. (P. 1) Upper, (P. 2) median, and (P. 3) lower stoma. (Q) Uppermost part of capsule with exothetical cells, base of exostome teeth and prostome remains. (R) Peristome, internal view. (S) Endostome segments. Scales: (A, B, D, M, O) 500 μm; (C, E, F, G, K, L, N) 100 μm; (P, Q, R, S) 50 μm; (H, I, J) 20 μm. (A – F, G. 1, H – K, O – R, S. 1) From holotype; (G. 2, L) T. Kiebacher 716; (M, N) T. Kiebacher 782; (S. 2) T. Kiebacher 986." captionText-3="Figure 4 Morphological diagnostic characters of Orthotrichum dentatum T. Kiebacher &amp; Lüth. (A) T. Kiebacher 705; (B) T. Kiebacher 704; (C) T. Kiebacher 782; (D) T. Kiebacher 711; (E) T. Kiebacher 716." captionText-4="Figure 5 Scanning electron microscopy images of Orthotrichum dentatum T. Kiebacher &amp; Lüth. (A) Shoot with capsule. (B) Shoot with calyptra. (C) Capsule mouth and peristome. (D) Prostome remains (indicated by the arrows). (E) Smooth surface of the primary peristome layer (PPL) of an exostome pair of teeth. (F) Endostome segment with smooth PPL. (G) Endostome segment with smooth inner peristome layer (IPL). (H) Ornamentation of the outer peristome layer (OPL) of an exostome pair of teeth. (I) Detail of the basal exostome OPL with papillae on transversal ridges. (J) Detail of the ornamentation of the median and apical exostome OPL with longitudinal, transversal, and radial ridges. (A – F) From holotype; (G – J) T. Kiebacher 675." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/291778/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/291779/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/291783/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/291780/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/291781/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="0.[826,1433,856,2048]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1434653818" collectedFrom="in a garden on bark at the stem of a solitary Juglans regia tree" collectingDate="2014-08-01" collectionCode="BOZ" collectorName="T. Kiebacher" country="Italy" elevation="874" latitude="46.67392" location="Alto Adige" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.605167" municipality="Trentino" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" specimenCode="Bryo 1188" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="type">
<typeStatus box="[853,908,1470,1494]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[853,908,1470,1494]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry box="[929,985,1470,1494]" name="Italy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Italy</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1002,1099,1470,1494]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trentino</collectingMunicipality>
- 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD0D87D16034FFE9D8443332FB06F7F5:207B601C6034FFE1DF1233E9FB17FA0D" box="[1133,1267,1470,1494]" country="Italy" latitude="46.67392" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.605167" municipality="Trentino" name="Alto Adige" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alto Adige</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD0D87D16034FFE9D8443332FB06F7F5:207B601C6034FFE1DE7B33E9FA70FA0D" box="[1284,1428,1470,1494]" country="Italy" latitude="46.67392" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.605167" municipality="Trentino" name="South Tyrol" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">South Tyrol</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD0D87D16034FFE9D8443332FB06F7F5:207B601C6034FFE1D84433B7FC5CFA23" box="[827,952,1504,1528]" country="Italy" latitude="46.67392" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.605167" municipality="Trentino" name="Feldthurns" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Feldthurns</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD0D87D16034FFE9D8443332FB06F7F5:207B601C6034FFE1D8B733B7FBA0FA23" box="[968,1092,1504,1528]" country="Italy" latitude="46.67392" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.605167" municipality="Trentino" name="Tschiffnon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tschiffnon</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1108,1261,1500,1528]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" precision="1" value="46.67392">
46°40 
<emphasis box="[1172,1177,1500,1517]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">′</emphasis>
26.1 
<emphasis box="[1226,1236,1500,1517]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">′′</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1278,1427,1500,1528]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" precision="1" value="11.605167">
11°36 
<emphasis box="[1342,1347,1500,1517]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">′</emphasis>
18.6 
<emphasis box="[1395,1405,1500,1517]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">′′</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation box="[827,895,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" unit="m" value="874.0">
<quantity box="[827,895,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" unit="m" value="874.0">874 m</quantity>
</elevation>
a.s.l., 
<collectedFrom pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
in a garden on bark at the stem of a solitary 
<taxonomicName box="[881,1029,1574,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[881,1029,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName box="[881,964,1574,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Juglans</taxonomicName>
regia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree
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, 0 
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<date box="[1111,1276,1574,1598]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" value="2014-08-01">1 August 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName box="[1290,1432,1574,1598]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis box="[1290,1432,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Kiebacher</emphasis>
</collectorName>
<emphasis box="[827,867,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">650</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus box="[883,986,1608,1632]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[999,1059,1608,1632]" collectionName="BOZ" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BOZ</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCode box="[1071,1191,1608,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bryo 1188</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1434653817" collectionCode="MAUAM" collectorName="T. Kiebacher" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" specimenCode="Brio 4840" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotypes">
<typeStatus box="[1205,1299,1608,1632]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">isotypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[1311,1429,1608,1632]" collectionName="MAUAM" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MAUAM</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCode box="[827,941,1643,1667]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brio 4840</specimenCode>
, priv. herb. 
<collectorName box="[1078,1229,1643,1667]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Kiebacher</collectorName>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="0.[826,1433,856,2048]" box="[853,1159,1678,1702]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[853,962,1678,1702]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: see Appendix 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="0.[826,1433,856,2048]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[853,962,1712,1736]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName box="[988,1258,1713,1737]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[988,1258,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName box="[988,1138,1713,1737]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">Orthotrichum</taxonomicName>
dentatum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName authority="Hammar" authorityName="Hammar" box="[827,1207,1747,1771]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[827,1093,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orthotrichum schimperi</emphasis>
Hammar
</taxonomicName>
but differs from it in the presence of denticulate to dentate leaf apices, a distinctively hairy calyptra, strongly keeled leaves and exostome teeth that are light orange to pale or light brownish coloured.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="0.[826,1433,856,2048]" lastBlockId="1.[811,1416,852,1049]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[853,983,1920,1944]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis box="[998,1070,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plants</emphasis>
0.2 
<emphasis box="[1112,1125,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">–</emphasis>
0.7 (
<emphasis box="[1176,1189,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">–</emphasis>
1.1) cm tall, in (moderately dense 
<emphasis box="[988,1001,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">–</emphasis>
) dense and compact cushions up to 1.5 cm in diameter, (blackish-green 
<emphasis box="[1265,1278,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">–</emphasis>
) dark green to occasionally yellowish-green, light brown to brown at base. 
<emphasis box="[350,447,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Rhizoids</emphasis>
reddish-brown to brown, 10 
<emphasis box="[182,195,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">–</emphasis>
25 μm in diameter, smooth, sparse to very dense at base, lacking or scattered above. 
<emphasis box="[692,760,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Stems</emphasis>
branched, sub-pentagonal in transverse section, with a 1 
<emphasis box="[270,283,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">–</emphasis>
3 layered sclerodermis of thick-walled brownish cells; pith cells enlarged, hyaline to light brownish, thin walled, in the transition zone to the sclerodermis with corner thickenings; central strand absent. 
<emphasis box="[904,1064,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Axillary hairs</emphasis>
up to four per leaf axil, filiform, composed of 2 
<emphasis box="[1076,1089,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">–</emphasis>
8 (
<emphasis box="[1128,1141,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">–</emphasis>
9) rectangular, hyaline cells, the 1 (
<emphasis box="[967,980,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">–</emphasis>
2) lowermost cells narrower, shorter and light brown.
</paragraph>
<footnote pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph blockId="0.[171,778,854,2046]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Correspondence to: Thomas Kiebacher, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Email: thomas.kiebacher@wsl.ch</paragraph>
</footnote>
<footnote box="[171,440,2146,2161]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph blockId="0.[171,468,2146,2179]" box="[171,440,2146,2161]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
© British Bryological Society 
<docYear box="[403,440,2146,2161]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2016</docYear>
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291778/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" targetBox="[156,1414,163,682]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[155,1416,713,792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Figure 1 
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" box="[257,693,713,733]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[257,496,713,733]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
T.Kiebacher &amp; Lüth
</taxonomicName>
in southern Switzerland. (A) Lime tree (
<taxonomicName box="[1087,1128,713,733]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1087,1128,713,733]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) where 
<taxonomicName box="[1244,1369,713,733]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1244,1369,713,733]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found for the first time in Switzerland. (B) 
<taxonomicName box="[574,813,742,762]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[574,813,742,762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together with 
<taxonomicName authority="Hammar" authorityName="Hammar" box="[960,1180,742,762]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[960,1087,742,762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. schimperi</emphasis>
Hammar
</taxonomicName>
on the bark of the lime tree. The tuft in the front right position is 
<taxonomicName box="[568,694,772,792]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[568,694,772,792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the tuft in the back left position is 
<taxonomicName box="[1089,1216,772,792]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1089,1216,772,792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291779/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" targetBox="[212,1386,1166,2012]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[155,1416,2043,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Figure 2 Dry tuft of 
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" box="[371,813,2043,2063]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[371,611,2043,2063]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
T.Kiebacher &amp; Lüth
</taxonomicName>
with the characteristic straw coloured, hairy calyptrae and strongly ribbed capsules with reflexed, pale exostome teeth. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[766,896,2073,2093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M. Lüth 8009</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291783/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[185,1419,166,1975]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="3.[155,1417,162,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 3 
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth." authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth." box="[256,696,162,182]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[256,495,162,182]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
T.Kiebacher &amp; Lüth.
</taxonomicName>
(A) Habit, dry. (B) Shoot, wet. (C) Stem section. (D.1) Median, (D.2) upper and (D.3) perichaetial leaves. (E) Decurrent leaf base of (E.1) median and (E.2) upper leaf. (F) Axillary hairs. (G) Leaf apices of (G.1) upper leaves, (G.2) leaves from a male branch with long apiculi. (H) Basal leaf cells. (I) Basal marginal leaf cells. (J) Upper leaf cells. (K) Leaf apex with gemmae formation. (L) Gemmae. (M) Calyptra. (N) Calyptra hairs. (O) Capsule, wet and dry. (P.1) Upper, (P.2) median, and (P.3) lower stoma. (Q) Uppermost part of capsule with exothetical cells, base of exostome teeth and prostome remains. (R) Peristome, internal view. (S) Endostome segments. Scales: (A, B, D, M, O) 500 μm; (C, E, F, G, K, L, N) 100 μm; (P, Q, R, S) 50 μm; (H, I, J) 20 μm. (A–F, G.1, H–K, O–R, S.1) From holotype; (G.2, L) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[923,1097,338,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 716</emphasis>
; (M, N) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1181,1357,338,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 782</emphasis>
; (S.2) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,329,368,388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 986</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="3.[155,760,467,1011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis box="[181,256,468,491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Leaves</emphasis>
erect and appressed to slightly flexuous when dry, sometimes curved towards the axis giving the shoots a knobby julaceous appearance; especially in upper and perichaetial leaves, the uppermost portions of the leaves frequently pointed towards the axis; when wet, leaf base more or less erect, and upper 2 
<emphasis box="[649,663,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">/</emphasis>
3 
<emphasis box="[677,690,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
4 
<emphasis box="[703,717,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">/</emphasis>
5 of the lamina patent to spreading to slightly recurved in some lower leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[155,760,467,1011]" lastBlockId="5.[155,761,163,2094]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis box="[181,324,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Upper leaves</emphasis>
1.8 
<emphasis box="[368,381,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
2.6 
<emphasis box="[421,437,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">×</emphasis>
0.45 
<emphasis box="[489,502,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
0.8 (
<emphasis box="[555,568,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
0.9) mm, lanceolate to ovate lanceolate, broadest in lower half, attached in an arched, v-shaped or more or less straight line, not decurrent or short and narrowly decurrent, slightly concave, strongly keeled in the upper half; when dry, the two sides of the lamina typically spread at an angle of 
<emphasis box="[462,483,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">±</emphasis>
60° but spread is limited to 30° (
<emphasis box="[245,258,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
20°) in some leaves; when wet, keel slightly less pronounced but spreading angle in most upper leaves 
<emphasis box="[885,906,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">&lt;</emphasis>
90°; margins recurved to revolute, from base or from above base almost to apex, in the upper half of the leaf frequently broadly revolute and thereby narrowing the lamina; from the end of the recurved margins leaf lamina more or less abruptly tapering to a triangular, acute (
<emphasis box="[1060,1073,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
acuminate) and frequently apiculate apex; apex flat to keeled, sometimes channelled or cucullate; apiculus of 1 
<emphasis box="[1094,1107,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
3 (
<emphasis box="[1135,1148,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
5) quadrate to rectangular green or hyaline cells, sometimes bent, s-shaped or reflexed, especially in leaves in the apical part of young, not yet fruiting shoots; leaf margins entire below, at apex irregularly papillose-crenulate to denticulate and dentate, sometimes coarsely so, rarely completely entire. 
<emphasis box="[972,1035,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Costa</emphasis>
strong throughout, at 1 
<emphasis box="[1308,1322,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">/</emphasis>
3 of leaf length from base 40 
<emphasis box="[1053,1066,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
64 (
<emphasis box="[1115,1128,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
70) μm wide, at extreme base up to 100 μm wide, sometimes slightly widened in the uppermost part, ending in the apex, on dorsal face covered by mostly isodiametric laminal cells from above base to apex; ventrally with two rows of elongate cells (usually with thick and weakly wavy longitudinal walls). 
<emphasis box="[375,537,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Basal leaf cells</emphasis>
mainly rectangular, (10 
<emphasis box="[190,203,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
) 1 1 
<emphasis box="[245,258,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
25 
<emphasis box="[290,306,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">×</emphasis>
(15 
<emphasis box="[347,360,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
) 2 0 
<emphasis box="[402,415,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
80 (
<emphasis box="[457,470,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
87) μm light green, almost hyaline at extreme base, gradually becoming darker moving upwards, occasionally groups of hyaline cells adjacent to the rib; walls thin or slightly incrassate with nodose cell walls present in at least some leaves; pits not observed; marginal cells shortly rectangular to quadrate, frequently with strong transversal walls and pronounced corner thickenings; cells gradually becoming shorter and smaller upwards. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Upper leaf cells</emphasis>
mostly isodiametric, (9.5 
<emphasis box="[529,542,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
) 1 2 
<emphasis box="[599,612,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
20 (
<emphasis box="[669,682,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
25) μm wide; quadrate, penta- or hexagonal; walls incrassate with pronounced corner thickenings; lumina subangular to rounded or ellipsoid; leaf cells papillose, except at base, on ventral and dorsal face with (1 
<emphasis box="[658,671,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
) 2 (
<emphasis box="[725,738,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
3) simple, blunt, rather low (up to as high as wide) papillae, the papillae are generally placed on the proximal and distal part of the cell, often forming longitudinal lines on the leaf surface. 
<emphasis box="[488,574,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lamina</emphasis>
unistratose, in upper and perichaetial leaves occasionally with short bistratose rows or small cell groups.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291780/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[157,1413,1082,2011]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[155,1409,2043,2093]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 4 Morphological diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth." authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth." box="[681,1148,2043,2063]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[681,932,2043,2063]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
T.Kiebacher &amp; Lüth.
</taxonomicName>
(A) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1191,1366,2043,2063]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 705</emphasis>
; (B) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,332,2073,2093]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 704</emphasis>
; (C) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[382,557,2073,2093]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 782</emphasis>
; (D) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[610,787,2073,2093]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 711</emphasis>
; (E) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[836,1013,2073,2093]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Kiebacher 716</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291781/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[191,1411,163,1888]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[171,1433,1919,2086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 5 Scanning electron microscopy images of 
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth." authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth." box="[701,1154,1919,1939]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[701,946,1919,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName box="[701,840,1919,1939]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">Orthotrichum</taxonomicName>
dentatum
</emphasis>
T.Kiebacher &amp; Lüth.
</taxonomicName>
(A) Shoot with capsule. (B) Shoot with calyptra. (C) Capsule mouth and peristome. (D) Prostome remains (indicated by the arrows). (E) Smooth surface of the primary peristome layer (PPL) of an exostome pair of teeth. (F) Endostome segment with smooth PPL. (G) Endostome segment with smooth inner peristome layer (IPL). (H) Ornamentation of the outer peristome layer (OPL) of an exostome pair of teeth. (I) Detail of the basal exostome OPL with papillae on transversal ridges. (J) Detail of the ornamentation of the median and apical exostome OPL with longitudinal, transversal, and radial ridges. (A–F) From holotype; (G–J) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1076,1243,2066,2086]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. Kiebacher 675</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="5.[155,761,163,2094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[181,326,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lower leaves</emphasis>
usually gradually smaller, more narrowly lanceolate to almost lingulate, less sharply keeled and more gradually tapering to a sharp, triangular apex with a generally long and frequently whitish apiculus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[155,761,163,2094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[181,278,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gemmae</emphasis>
sometimes present but usually sparse, formed on leaf margins as well as on the ventral lamina and dorsally on the costa, especially on lower leaves, consisting of up to 10 or sometimes more cells, simple or branched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[155,761,163,2094]" lastBlockId="5.[811,1417,163,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[181,535,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cladautoicos or gonioautoicous</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[553,760,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Perichaetial leaves</emphasis>
similar in shape and gradually differentiated from the upper leaves, with a markedly wider base and the margins in the lower part of the lamina plane or only slightly recurved, broadly ovate lanceolate, strongly constricted in the upper third, up to 2.7 
<emphasis box="[744,760,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">×</emphasis>
1.2 mm. 
<taxonomicName box="[258,356,1619,1643]" class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Vaginula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[258,356,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Vaginula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.15 
<emphasis box="[415,428,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
0.3 (
<emphasis box="[483,496,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
0.35) mm long, shortly cylindrical to truncated conical, naked. 
<emphasis box="[643,723,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ochrea</emphasis>
at base cylindrical to (slightly) conic, widened above, enclosing the base of the capsule, fringed, reaching half way up the neck. 
<emphasis box="[528,625,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calyptra</emphasis>
1.4 
<emphasis box="[692,705,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
1.9 
<emphasis box="[744,760,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">×</emphasis>
0.7 
<emphasis box="[189,202,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
1.13 mm, conic when young, conic-oblong to oblong-conic when mature, sometimes slightly constricted at base, gradually or abruptly tapering to a conical tip; straw coloured, paler towards base and gradually brownish above, very rarely with inconspicuous longitudinal brownish or orange tinged stripes, tip chestnut to dark brown coloured; with 10 
<emphasis box="[665,678,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
17 prominent longitudinal ridges, between the ridges with strong plicae or almost plane when mature, sparsely to densely hairy with 10 
<emphasis box="[1128,1141,164,187]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
60 uneven sized hairs arising from the ridges; hairs concentrated in the upper part of the calyptra but absent on the tip, lacking or sparse at base, from very short and thornshaped to 0.65 (
<emphasis box="[1005,1018,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
0.8) mm long, rarely shortly overtopping the tip, straw coloured or sometimes whitish, mostly thick and robust, from uniseriate to 3 (
<emphasis box="[1381,1394,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
5) -seriate, at base also polyseriate, more or less curved and flexuous, sparsely to moderately papillose with predominately low papillae (rarely higher than wide), located mainly on the transversal walls and at the tips; surface and ridges of the calyptra not papillose but occasionally with slightly protruding transversal cell walls on the ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1417,163,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[837,886,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Seta</emphasis>
0.17 
<emphasis box="[945,958,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
0.4 (
<emphasis box="[1011,1024,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
0.5) mm long, sometimes widened in the upper part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1417,163,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[837,925,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capsule</emphasis>
immersed to half emergent, urceolate when dry, markedly to moderately constricted below mouth, abruptly or gradually narrowing to the seta, dark brown, gradually light brown to very pale towards the base; when wet, barrel shaped to champagne glass shaped, abruptly or rather gradually narrowing into the seta; strongly ribbed when dry; ribs very prominent, often touching each other and thereby covering the furrows, almost reaching the base or vanishing in the lower third of the capsule, sometimes continued as plicae spirally twisting to the seta. Urn 0.85 
<emphasis box="[858,871,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
1.15 mm long, neck 0.3 
<emphasis box="[1139,1152,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
0.5 mm long, neck 
<emphasis box="[1363,1377,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">/</emphasis>
urn ratio ranging between (0.27) 0.32 and 0.59. 
<emphasis box="[811,996,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Exothecial cells</emphasis>
of the furrows pale, thin walled; cells of the ribs strongly differentiated, light brown, enlarged, with strongly thickened longitudinal walls and less thickened transversal walls, above usually in four rows, further down subdivided into up to nine rows, vanishing in the lower third of the capsule. 
<emphasis box="[913,1008,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stomata</emphasis>
7 
<emphasis box="[1032,1045,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
14 per capsule, immersed, variably arranged around the middle of the capsule, occasionally individual stomata also in the upper or lower third of the capsule; from almost uncovered by scarcely differentiated exothetical cells to completely covered by strongly protruding, thick-walled cells; usually more strongly covered in the lower part of the capsule. 
<emphasis box="[1087,1126,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lid</emphasis>
moderately convex to almost flat, 
<emphasis box="[960,986,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ca</emphasis>
0.4 mm in diameter with an outer ring of 2 
<emphasis box="[937,950,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
3 (
<emphasis box="[995,1008,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
4) rows of orange to light-red cells; beak straight, blunt, smaller than the width of the lid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1417,163,2093]" lastBlockId="6.[171,777,163,2094]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[837,941,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Prostome</emphasis>
occasionally present, discontinuous, 1 
<emphasis box="[1389,1402,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
3 cells high, papillose. 
<emphasis box="[1056,1165,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peristome</emphasis>
double. 
<emphasis box="[1272,1381,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Exostome</emphasis>
of eight pairs of teeth, teeth (160 
<emphasis box="[1166,1179,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
) 180 
<emphasis box="[1239,1252,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
225 (
<emphasis box="[1312,1325,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
250) μm long, triangular; sometimes, especially when old, partially splitting, slightly fenestrated at top or lacunose along the division line; recurved and closely appressed to the exothecium when dry, light orange at sporulation, thereafter light brown to pale, contrasting with the colour of the exothecium; external side of teeth (outer peristome layer, OPL) densely papillose with blunt papillae on reticulate structures and on very scarce to more or less abundant vermicular ridges (visible as striae under a light microscope) that are generally transversally arranged in lower fields, radially arranged in median fields and longitudinally arranged in upper fields; internal side of teeth (exostome primary peristome layer, PPL) smooth throughout or towards the apex with scattered low papillae. 
<emphasis box="[171,292,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Endostome</emphasis>
of eight segments 130 
<emphasis box="[601,614,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
180 μm long, 0.64 
<emphasis box="[218,231,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
0.83 times as long as the exostome teeth, erectincurved to strongly incurved when dry, variable in shape, from slender, linear and uniseriate with hardly thickened transversal walls to stout, subulate, asymmetrically biseriate with oblique, strongly thickened walls; gradually or abruptly widened to a more or less broad base; hyaline to very light yellowish or pale brownish; external side of segments (endostome PPL) smooth, internal side of segments (inner peristome layer, IPL) smooth or occasionally very finely sculptured; connective membrane low, frequently fragmented. 
<emphasis box="[280,353,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spores</emphasis>
12 
<emphasis box="[399,412,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
18 (
<emphasis box="[467,480,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
20) μm, olive-green with brownish walls, coarsely papillose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291782/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[836,1431,163,653]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[827,1432,684,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 6 Known distribution of 
<taxonomicName authority="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" authorityName="T.Kiebacher &amp; Luth" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1184,1432,684,704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
T.Kiebacher &amp; Lüth
</taxonomicName>
in the Italian and Swiss Alps. The localities are cited in Appendices 1 and 2. USGS EROS Data Center; ESRI: ArcWorld Supplement and Data Solutions, B.V.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="6.[171,777,163,2094]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,315,960,984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Taxonomy</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName box="[329,588,961,985]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[329,588,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits into the subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="(Schimp.) Vitt" authorityName="(Schimp.) Vitt" box="[240,509,995,1019]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Pulchella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[240,343,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pulchella</emphasis>
(Schimp.) Vitt
</taxonomicName>
, section 
<taxonomicName authority="Vent. in Husn." authorityName="Vent. in Husn." class="Gastropoda" family="Diaphanidae" genus="Diaphana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[603,711,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diaphana</emphasis>
Vent. in Husn.
</taxonomicName>
, as described in 
<bibRefCitation author="Lewinsky, J." box="[460,646,1030,1054]" journalOrPublisher="Bryobrothera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 59" part="2" refString="Lewinsky, J. 1993. A synopsis of the genus Orthotrichum Hedw. (Musci, Orthotrichaceae). Bryobrothera, 2: 1 - 59." title="A synopsis of the genus Orthotrichum Hedw. (Musci, Orthotrichaceae)" type="journal article" year="1993">Lewinsky (1993)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="6.[171,777,163,2094]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,318,1064,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology</emphasis>
: The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName box="[559,661,1065,1089]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[559,661,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the characteristically dentate leaf apices of the new species. Dentate leaf apices are rather uncommon within the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[367,517,1169,1193]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[367,517,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and they separate the new species from similar species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="6.[171,777,163,2094]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,444,1238,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecology and Habitat</emphasis>
: The localities of the new species are characterized by a temperate montane climate with sub-Mediterranean influences at its southernmost localities. High temperatures, however, seem to be unfavourable for the species. So far 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been found at warmer, lower altitude sites in the southern Alps. The species has been found between 528 and 1340 m a.s.l. 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prefers open, well-lit to slightly shaded environments; it has never been found inside closed forest stands. The species grows as an epiphyte on the stems and branches of deciduous trees and seems to perform especially well on 
<taxonomicName box="[514,662,1654,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[514,662,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Juglans regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[723,776,1654,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[723,776,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. sp. The bark of these tree species is characterized by high nutrient content, low acidity and a high buffer capacity (
<bibRefCitation author="Barkman, J. J." box="[377,561,1757,1781]" journalOrPublisher="The Netherlands: Van Gorcum &amp; Comp" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Barkman, J. J. 1958. Phytosociology and ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes, including a taxonomic survey and description of their vegetation units in Europe. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum &amp; Comp." title="Phytosociology and ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes, including a taxonomic survey and description of their vegetation units in Europe. Assen" type="book" year="1958">Barkman, 1958</bibRefCitation>
). In addition to 
<taxonomicName box="[171,321,1793,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[171,321,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Juglans regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[388,441,1793,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[388,441,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., so far 
<taxonomicName box="[584,726,1793,1817]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[584,726,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded on 
<taxonomicName box="[372,556,1827,1851]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">
<emphasis box="[372,556,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acer platanoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName box="[264,549,1862,1886]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hippocastaneum">
<emphasis box="[264,549,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aesculus hippocastaneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName authority="Roth." authorityName="Roth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendula">
<emphasis box="[606,776,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Betula pendula</emphasis>
Roth.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[256,426,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis box="[256,426,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Celtis australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName box="[487,694,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis box="[487,694,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fraxinus excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. ornus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName box="[286,490,1932,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armeniaca">
<emphasis box="[286,490,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Prunus armeniaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName box="[545,645,1932,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avium">
<emphasis box="[545,645,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. avium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) L., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerasus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. cerasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName box="[298,437,1966,1990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domestica">
<emphasis box="[298,437,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. domestica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName box="[486,544,1966,1990]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[486,544,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Salix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. sp., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Sorbus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aucuparia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sorbus aucuparia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. and 
<taxonomicName authority="Huds." authorityName="Huds." box="[320,545,2000,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis box="[320,469,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ulmus glabra</emphasis>
Huds.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[171,777,163,2094]" lastBlockId="6.[827,1433,851,1361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The most frequent co-occurring species with 
<taxonomicName box="[171,439,2070,2094]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[171,439,2070,2094]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<taxonomicName box="[478,623,2070,2094]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[478,623,2070,2094]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the two species often intermix. 
<taxonomicName box="[1122,1396,852,876]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[1122,1396,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also very frequently associated with 
<taxonomicName authority="Brid." authorityName="Brid." class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="diaphanum">
<emphasis box="[1268,1433,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. diaphanum</emphasis>
Brid.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Brid.) Holmen &amp; E.Warncke" authorityName="(Brid.) Holmen &amp; E.Warncke" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Nyholmiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolia">
<emphasis box="[911,1187,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nyholmiella obtusifolia</emphasis>
(Brid.) Holmen &amp; E.Warncke
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Wilson) Jur. Less" authorityName="(Wilson) Jur. Less" class="Bryopsida" family="Pottiaceae" genus="Syntrichia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pottiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis box="[1027,1260,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Syntrichia papillosa</emphasis>
(Wilson) Jur. Less
</taxonomicName>
frequently associated species include 
<taxonomicName authority="Brid." authorityName="Brid." box="[827,1128,1025,1049]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="affine">
<emphasis box="[827,1055,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum affine</emphasis>
Brid.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Hedw." authorityName="Hedw." box="[1144,1389,1025,1049]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="anomalum">
<emphasis box="[1144,1300,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. anomalum</emphasis>
Hedw.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Brid." authorityName="Brid." class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. pallens</emphasis>
Brid.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[996,1188,1059,1084]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pumilum">
<emphasis box="[996,1134,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. pumilum</emphasis>
Sw.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1201,1226,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ex</emphasis>
anon., 
<taxonomicName authority="Brid." authorityName="Brid." class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rogeri">
<emphasis box="[1325,1432,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. rogeri</emphasis>
Brid.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Gronvall" authorityName="Gronvall" box="[909,1180,1094,1119]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="scanicum">
<emphasis box="[909,1056,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. scanicum</emphasis>
Grönvall
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" box="[1201,1433,1095,1119]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="speciosum">
<emphasis box="[1201,1358,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. speciosum</emphasis>
Nees
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Hedw." authorityName="Hedw." box="[878,1089,1129,1153]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis box="[878,1006,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. striatum</emphasis>
Hedw.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="6.[827,1433,851,1361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[853,985,1163,1187]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
: So far, 
<taxonomicName box="[1084,1221,1164,1188]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[1084,1221,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in the Alpine range in northern Italy and eastern Switzerland (
<figureCitation box="[976,1074,1233,1257]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[827,890,684,704]" captionTargetBox="[836,1431,163,653]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[836,1431,163,653]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6 Known distribution of Orthotrichum dentatum T. Kiebacher &amp; Lüth in the Italian and Swiss Alps. The localities are cited in Appendices 1 and 2. USGS EROS Data Center; ESRI: ArcWorld Supplement and Data Solutions, B. V." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291782/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). In Italy, the species has been recorded at several sites in the province of South Tyrol. In Switzerland, it has been recorded in the cantons of Ticino and Appenzell Ausserrhoden.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="6.[827,1432,1409,2094]" box="[827,963,1409,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading bold="true" box="[827,963,1409,1436]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[827,963,1409,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[827,1432,1409,2094]" lastBlockId="8.[171,777,163,2094]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName box="[827,1085,1446,1470]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[827,1085,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName box="[1287,1425,1446,1470]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[1287,1425,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two species are both very small and are similar in habit. Both species have immersed to slightly emergent, urceolate, strongly ribbed capsules with a short neck that usually tapers abruptly to the short seta. However, the two species differ in a set of characteristics that allows one to unmistakably separate plants belonging to either one of the two species (Table 1). 
<taxonomicName box="[827,1086,1723,1747]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[827,1086,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orthotrichum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs most from 
<taxonomicName box="[1293,1432,1723,1747]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[1293,1432,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its dentate leaf apices, strongly keeled leaves and the hairy calyptra. Some irregular teeth may rarely also occur on leaf apices of 
<taxonomicName box="[1097,1239,1827,1851]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[1097,1239,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but they are by far less pronounced than in 
<emphasis box="[1139,1283,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName box="[1139,1279,1862,1886]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">O. dentatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The denticulation of the leaf apices in 
<taxonomicName box="[1152,1293,1897,1921]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[1152,1293,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is variable; single leaves can be entire but in all examined plants some leaves with conspicuously dentate leaf apices were found. The calyptra of 
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1308,2001,2025]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[1165,1308,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rarely has short scattered hairs and in some cases in 
<taxonomicName box="[1295,1432,2035,2059]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[1295,1432,2035,2059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the papillose calyptra hairs might be few, but the two species also differ in the shape and colour of the calyptra. In 
<taxonomicName box="[250,390,198,222]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[250,390,198,222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the calyptra is short, hemispherical to bell-shaped, whitish or yellowish, and it usually has conspicuous orange or brownish longitudinal stripes. In 
<taxonomicName box="[285,421,302,326]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[285,421,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the calyptra is more elongated, vividly straw coloured and only very rarely has inconspicuous longitudinal stripes. In 
<taxonomicName box="[572,717,371,395]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[572,717,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the leaves, especially the upper ones, are strongly keeled in their upper part. The two sides of the lamina usually spread in an angle which varies around 60°, whereas in 
<taxonomicName box="[312,459,510,534]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[312,459,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this angle is rarely lower than 90°. Less obvious differences in the morphology of the leaves are the comparably rare occurrence of bistratose stripes in the upper lamina and the generally more acute leaf apices in 
<taxonomicName box="[468,607,649,673]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[468,607,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, in 
<taxonomicName box="[212,361,683,707]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[212,361,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the uppermost and perichaetial leaves are usually constricted in their upper part due to unevenly recurved leaf margins. Thus they usually become narrower in a convex line compared with a more or less straight to concave line in 
<taxonomicName box="[627,769,822,846]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[627,769,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The differences in the sporophytes of the two species are subtle and gradual. On average, in 
<taxonomicName box="[635,776,891,915]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[635,776,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the capsule becomes narrower more gradually towards the seta compared with 
<taxonomicName box="[613,769,961,985]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[613,769,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, in 
<taxonomicName box="[362,501,995,1019]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[362,501,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the stomata are usually arranged around the middle of the capsule, and at least some stomata are usually more than half covered by strongly differentiated exothetical cells. In 
<taxonomicName box="[171,321,1134,1158]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[171,321,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the stomata usually are above the middle of the capsule and most are only slightly covered by the exothetical cells. The ornamentation of the OPL can be very similar in the two species, although vermicular ridges are often expressed in 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are lacking or very scarce in 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The appendices of the inner peristome of 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tend to be less stout than in 
<taxonomicName box="[556,696,1377,1401]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[556,696,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the latter, they are usually irregularly biseriate with strongly thickened oblique walls and they have a pronounced, broad base. In 
<taxonomicName box="[467,608,1481,1505]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[467,608,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the segments of the endostome are variably uni- to biseriate with variably thickened walls and the broad base is usually less pronounced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[171,777,163,2094]" lastBlockId="8.[827,1433,163,2094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
When using determination keys for Europe (
<bibRefCitation author="Lewinsky-Haapasaari, J." box="[180,503,1654,1678]" journalOrPublisher="Meylania" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 56" part="9" refString="Lewinsky-Haapasaari, J. 1995. Illustrierter Bestimmungsschlussel zu den Europaischen Orthotrichum - Arten. Meylania, 9: 3 - 56." title="Illustrierter Bestimmungsschlussel zu den Europaischen Orthotrichum - Arten" type="journal article" year="1995">Lewinsky-Haapasaari, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Lara, F. &amp; Garilleti, R. &amp; Medina, R. &amp; Mazimpaka, V." box="[522,721,1654,1678]" journalOrPublisher="Bryologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="129 - 42" part="1" refString="Lara, F., Garilleti, R., Medina, R. &amp; Mazimpaka, V. 2009. A new key to the genus Orthotrichum Hedw. in Europe and the Mediterranean Region. Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 30 (1): 129 - 42." title="A new key to the genus Orthotrichum Hedw. in Europe and the Mediterranean Region. Cryptogamie" type="journal article" year="2009">
Lara 
<emphasis box="[588,649,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be mistaken for 
<taxonomicName box="[548,694,1689,1713]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="philibertii">
<emphasis box="[548,694,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. philibertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the similarly hairy calyptra. The most striking differences between the two species are the shape of the leaf apex and the calyptra. In 
<taxonomicName box="[469,614,1793,1817]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="philibertii">
<emphasis box="[469,614,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. philibertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the leaf apex is more or less abruptly narrowed to a distinctive, more or less triangular, and usually entire acumen. The calyptra of 
<taxonomicName box="[359,505,1897,1921]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="philibertii">
<emphasis box="[359,505,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. philibertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually less elongate and the calyptra hairs are more robust, frequently 2 
<emphasis box="[184,197,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">–</emphasis>
3-seriate above, less curved and more densely papillose than in 
<taxonomicName box="[384,528,2001,2025]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[384,528,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, in 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="philibertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. philibertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the calyptra is whitish to yellowish whereas in 
<taxonomicName box="[313,459,2070,2094]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[313,459,2070,2094]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is straw coloured. The sporophytes of the two species are similar but in 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="philibertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. philibertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the segments of the inner peristome are usually uniseriate with only slightly thickened walls and are thus more fragile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[827,1433,163,2094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Another minute 
<taxonomicName box="[1038,1188,302,326]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1038,1188,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species where dentate leaf apices are occasionally present, and which might be mistaken for 
<emphasis box="[1021,1169,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName box="[1021,1165,371,395]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">O. dentatum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
is 
<taxonomicName authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[1210,1396,371,395]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pumilum">
<emphasis box="[1210,1344,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. pumilum</emphasis>
Sw.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1407,1432,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ex</emphasis>
anon. However, as with 
<taxonomicName box="[1116,1260,406,430]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
<emphasis box="[1116,1260,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. schimperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dentation of the apices is never as pronounced in 
<taxonomicName box="[1298,1432,441,465]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pumilum">
<emphasis box="[1298,1432,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. pumilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it is in 
<taxonomicName box="[963,1107,475,499]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[963,1107,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName box="[1295,1431,475,499]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pumilum">
<emphasis box="[1295,1431,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. pumilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName box="[988,1135,510,534]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[988,1135,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the capsules: in 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pumilum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. pumilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, capsules are only slightly constricted below the mouth and have a longer capsule neck which usually narrows gradually towards the seta. In addition, 
<taxonomicName box="[939,1073,649,673]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pumilum">
<emphasis box="[939,1073,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. pumilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has less strongly keeled leaves and has linear, usually uniseriate endostome segments, which are as long or almost as long as the exostome teeth and have hardly thickened transversal walls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[827,1433,163,2094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Further European 
<taxonomicName box="[1066,1216,787,811]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1066,1216,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species where denticulations of the leaves occur and that share the small size and immersed to emergent capsules are 
<taxonomicName authority="Brid." authorityName="Brid." class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="diaphanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. diaphanum</emphasis>
Brid.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka. These" authorityName="F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka. These" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="vittii">
<emphasis box="[1051,1155,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. vittii</emphasis>
F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka. These
</taxonomicName>
two species differ from 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that they have hyaline leaf apices formed by elongate cells. Other minute European 
<taxonomicName box="[1282,1432,995,1019]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1282,1432,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are 
<taxonomicName authority="De Not." authorityName="De Not." box="[955,1242,1030,1054]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis box="[955,1136,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. microcarpum</emphasis>
De Not.
</taxonomicName>
, which differs in that it has plane leaf margins, and 
<taxonomicName authority="F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka" authorityName="F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="macrocephalum">
<emphasis box="[1224,1432,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. macrocephalum</emphasis>
F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka
</taxonomicName>
, which differs in that it has broadly rounded leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[827,1433,163,2094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName authority="Brid." authorityName="Brid." box="[853,1170,1168,1193]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis box="[853,1105,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthotrichum tenellum</emphasis>
Brid.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1228,1365,1169,1193]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="scanicum">
<emphasis box="[1228,1365,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. scanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the occasionally dentate leaf apices and the hairy calyptra with 
<taxonomicName box="[982,1119,1238,1262]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[982,1119,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They differ from 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their larger size (both are usually around 1 cm high) and in their usually distinctly longer seta (Table 1). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName box="[1109,1248,1342,1366]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="scanicum">
<emphasis box="[1109,1248,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. scanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 16 endostome segments and in the exothetical bands which are only 2 (
<emphasis box="[1275,1288,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">–</emphasis>
3) cells wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[827,1433,163,2094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The characteristically dentate leaf apices of the new species led us to name it 
<taxonomicName box="[1131,1271,1481,1505]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis box="[1131,1271,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dentate leaf apices are a rather rare characteristic within the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[902,1052,1550,1574]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[902,1052,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most species have entire leaves (
<bibRefCitation author="Lewinsky, J." box="[835,1012,1584,1608]" journalOrPublisher="Bryobrothera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 59" part="2" refString="Lewinsky, J. 1993. A synopsis of the genus Orthotrichum Hedw. (Musci, Orthotrichaceae). Bryobrothera, 2: 1 - 59." title="A synopsis of the genus Orthotrichum Hedw. (Musci, Orthotrichaceae)" type="journal article" year="1993">Lewinsky, 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from the species mentioned above, denticulations occur in 
<taxonomicName authority="Lewinsky" authorityName="Lewinsky" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="denticulatum">
<emphasis box="[1238,1432,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. denticulatum</emphasis>
Lewinsky
</taxonomicName>
(known from Africa), 
<taxonomicName authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="bartramii">
<emphasis box="[1274,1432,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. bartramii</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
(North- and Central America), 
<taxonomicName authority="Turner" authorityName="Turner" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rivulare">
<emphasis box="[1309,1432,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. rivulare</emphasis>
Turner
</taxonomicName>
(Europe and North America) and 
<taxonomicName authority="F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka" authorityName="F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="spiculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. spiculatum</emphasis>
F.Lara, Garilleti &amp; Mazimpaka
</taxonomicName>
(South America).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[827,1433,163,2094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The numerous descriptions of new 
<taxonomicName box="[1282,1432,1793,1817]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1282,1432,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species within the last three decades indicate that 
<taxonomicName box="[827,977,1862,1886]" class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[827,977,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus which has not been studied extensively enough in former times. Nevertheless, it is surprising that such a distinctive species as 
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Orthotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orthotrichales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has previously been overlooked in a well-studied area (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Mari, L." box="[949,1082,2000,2024]" journalOrPublisher="Lugano: Tipografia G. Grassi" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Mari, L. 1894. Saggio di un catalogo dei Muschi del Cantone Ticino. Lugano: Tipografia G. Grassi." title="Saggio di un catalogo dei Muschi del Cantone Ticino" type="book" year="1894">Mari, 1894</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Limpricht, K. G." box="[1106,1296,2000,2024]" journalOrPublisher="Abteilung: Bryineae. Leipzig: Eduard Kummer" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Limpricht, K. G. 1895. Die Laubmoose Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. II. Abteilung: Bryineae. Leipzig: Eduard Kummer." title="Die Laubmoose Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. II" type="book" year="1895">Limpricht, 1895</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Culmann, P." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de La Societe Botanique de France" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="53 - 8" part="62" refString="Culmann, P. 1915. Contribution a la flore bryologique du canton du Tessin. Bulletin de La Societe Botanique de France, 62 (1): 53 - 8." title="Contribution a la flore bryologique du canton du Tessin" type="journal article" year="1915">Culmann, 1915</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Monkemeyer, W." box="[898,1117,2035,2059]" journalOrPublisher="Rabenhorst' s Kryptogamen-Flora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="4" part="2" refString="Monkemeyer, W. 1927. Die Laubmoose Europas. Rabenhorst' s Kryptogamen-Flora. 2. Aufl. 4. Erg. Bd. Leibzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft." title="Die Laubmoose Europas" type="journal article" year="1927">Mönkemeyer, 1927</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Jaggli, M." box="[1136,1272,2035,2059]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="23 - 67" part="6" refString="Jaggli, M. 1933. Muschi arboricoli del Cantone Ticino (Regione del Castagno, 200 - 1000 m). Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique, 6: 23 - 67." title="Muschi arboricoli del Cantone Ticino (Regione del Castagno, 200 - 1000 m)" type="journal article" year="1933">Jäggli, 1933</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Jaggli, M." box="[1302,1355,2035,2059]" journalOrPublisher="Contributi per Lo Studio Della Flora Crittogama Svizzera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 265" part="10" refString="Jaggli, M. 1950. Le briofite ticinesi. Muschi ed epatiche. Contributi per Lo Studio Della Flora Crittogama Svizzera, 10 (4): 1 - 265." title="Le briofite ticinesi. Muschi ed epatiche" type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dull, R." journalOrPublisher="Ohlerath: IDH Verlag" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Dull, R. 1991. Die Moose Tirols: unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Pitztals / Otztaler Alpen. Bad Munstereifel - Ohlerath: IDH Verlag." title="Die Moose Tirols: unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Pitztals / Otztaler Alpen. Bad Munstereifel" type="book" year="1991">Düll, 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Cortini Pedrotti, C. &amp; Lara, F." box="[896,1234,2070,2094]" editor="C. Cortini Pedrotti" journalOrPublisher="Roma: Antonio Delfino Editore" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="719 - 61" refString="Cortini Pedrotti, C. &amp; Lara, F. 2001. Orthotrichales. In: C. Cortini Pedrotti, ed. Flora dei Muschi d' Italia. Sphagnopsida, Andreaeopsida, Bryopsida (I Parte). Roma: Antonio Delfino Editore, pp. 719 - 61." title="Orthotrichales" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora dei Muschi d' Italia. Sphagnopsida, Andreaeopsida, Bryopsida (I Parte)" year="2001">Cortini Pedrotti &amp; Lara, 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>