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<mods:title id="42C8115CC3A372EADD4F6307A209CB42">Chenopodiaceae - Fumariaceae (Chenopodium)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3ECFA96295F419C827452ED5E9659C35">Jonsell, B., Karlsson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9B2ABA38ECBEE6AE586E17040ABDE205">Flora Nordica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F4E0907FB47C1AA13EAC9E485AC2E266">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="6FAF61D7A809588182F6B06BCB8C609C" type="Plazi-MODS">FlNordica_chenop</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E352767283AD58B634CBE33186A67BB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265363" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125136049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265363" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E352767283AD58B634CBE33186A67BB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E352767283AD58B634CBE33186A67BB0" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C81438E1D4E51F676BC0E88D3E3B1967" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D25383430F248CC3C2C0956E0E64288A" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
12.
<taxonomicName id="85FC9BB96B8F78CFD36E18394A3D6748" ID-CoL="TXJT" ID-ENA="1072229" authority="Rydb." authorityName="Rydb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratericola">Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.</taxonomicName>
Figs 3A, 9C
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDCDE0ADA229DF4A5401A780424B59DD" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="135D3E939FCEA2F253DF9BD6C5A440BC" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">
<bibCitation id="E3BB9071CFBA62DC75113AB70C6CDB39" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 310 (1912)</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05B18E3A1445B0D01CC591FBFC109607" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="99C4EB00533809385A4EC8ADFD9D8562" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">
- Type: USA, Kansas,
<bibCitation id="AFE102074C506440C911A44389A607A8" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Riley Co. 2.VIII. 1895, J.B. Norton 436 (NY)</bibCitation>
holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B2419400659ED1E6BF2C14D7C19ECEC" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="35F94BF6C49198063B88D88AD3938451" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="6DD2D151199E41E2BD24F9E4F46B8012" authority="(Murr) Wahl (1955)." authorityName="(Murr) Wahl (" authorityYear="1955" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">C. desiccatum A. Nelson var. leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl (1955).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E84B2133A2B538E75097FCB38EC085F" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName id="30D098A77A00B81A2EC2B0A2368128D7" authority="auct., non (Moq.) Nutt, ex S. Watson (1874)" authorityName="auct., non" authorityYear="1874" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptophyllum">C. leptophyllum auct., non (Moq.) Nutt, ex S. Watson (1874)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13CFED14EE58D4AA277452408100104F" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="1C4CD12552E466FA4F9B12F7CCBDFDEE" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">
. D Finbladet
<normalizedToken id="3E66FA1A32050E64F17A45257F7D1CEC" originalValue="Gåsefod" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Gasefod</normalizedToken>
. F kapealehtisavikka. N amerikamelde.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B35D018A535E37034B05A934C84EE21D" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
5
<normalizedToken id="AEAC797E21AA1D27CE4BF8A3FACE86A3" originalValue="smalmålla" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">smalmalla</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFA5F6E585D4B40F9F5C9CCED1EC5733" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="872686F8991C9677A0218CF360061F12" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Literature.
<bibCitation id="D35ED7AF7341113075453CA5C69CB306" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Bassett &amp; Crompton 1982</bibCitation>
,
<bibCitation id="3C223273ECF3270EDE5CA3FCD9492763" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Crawford 1975</bibCitation>
,
<bibCitation id="ECB37DC353DEF3B944AEF38616CD8867" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Reynolds 6 Crawford 1980</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2E43C3125D367981F762788D38CEB57" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="C5F414BD275A669BCF9977DF0FF717F9" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">Therophyte (summer-annual). Up to 1 m, young stems, inflorescences and lower surfaces of leaves usually conspicuously grey-farinose. Stem subangular, striped with green, without red colour, usually erect, branched in the middle and upper parts. Leaves with petiole up to 1(-1.5) cm; blade narrowly elliptic-ovate to narrowly trullate or lanceolate (wider leaves with a lobe-like tooth c. 1/3 from the base on one or both margins), 3-5(-6) x 0.4-1.5(-2.5) cm; base gradually tapering to the petiole; apex obtuse to acute, usually apiculate to mucronate; margin entire.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99B642FBE605856614221021D52215DD" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Inflorescences axillary and terminal, panicle-like; glomerules small. Flowers mostly bisexual. Tepals 5, densely farinose, not covering the fruit at maturity, keeled, with wide membranous margin and
<normalizedToken id="474ECBF5BFEFAA1E961BA36933C31357" originalValue="±" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">+/-</normalizedToken>
obtuse apex. Stamens 5. Stigmas 2, c. 0.5 mm. Nut falling with the perianth; pericarp fairly easily detached. Seed horizontal, orbicular in outline, 0.8-1.1 mm; edge rounded; seed-coat black, glossy, rugulose. - Autumn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7056E0AA71AFEFA3B958D5045580E42B" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">[2n=18]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="568D6774E51C057485A2FE5E7FE7F3DF" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="626F23B3A37887283D157FFBCDDFAE01" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Distribution and habitat. A casual grain and cotton alien mainly recorded from ports, tips and chicken-runs; now very rarely seen. - D first record from 1894; NJy Thisted 1928,
<normalizedToken id="D50836EB93B33E5136E0ABA9F2191293" originalValue="<22>lborg" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Alborg</normalizedToken>
several records 1933-57,
<normalizedToken id="E3A64338C24BFDAED6841AFB062C7AB9" originalValue="ØJy" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">OJy</normalizedToken>
c. 5 localities, latest
<normalizedToken id="6DB04B8055C4209A3BF9674E18378361" originalValue="<22>rhus" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Arhus</normalizedToken>
1972, SJy
<normalizedToken id="44C65BB93318C784E856D7FBA312CD60" originalValue="<22>benr<6E>" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Abenra</normalizedToken>
1939, FyL 3 localities, latest Svendborg 1961, Sjce 15 localities, mainly in the
<normalizedToken id="D292E5220153859692CA677D5133B133" originalValue="København" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Kobenhavn</normalizedToken>
area, latest Hvidovre 1975, LFM 4 localities, latest
<normalizedToken id="1F23D8A191FA0AC06A97A73F78D09799" originalValue="Stubbekøbing" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Stubbekobing</normalizedToken>
1963. N fairly many records from mills and poultry farms in 0f, Ak, from VA to Ho, and in STSkaun, first in the 1920's; also on ballast in Ak Oslo 1903, 1905 and again in 1969 (from seed bank). S Sk at least 13 localities, latest Landskrona 1968, Bl Karlskrona 1938, Klm Kalmar 1921, Smi Bergunda 1924,
<normalizedToken id="60C95042672BAB2F0F1173102A48F81A" originalValue="Jönköping" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Joenkoeping</normalizedToken>
1922, 1926,
<normalizedToken id="7E7AD8D7508BE51AC6A4A538E9CF3E6B" originalValue="Källeryd" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Kaelleryd</normalizedToken>
1926, Hl 5 localities, last Hanhals 1959, BhG c. 15 localities 1920
<normalizedToken id="2DB5ACC957F84604BDD73C346D6217BB" originalValue="s-50" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">'s-50'</normalizedToken>
s,
<normalizedToken id="94EA70FA76F45051575EA30FF7F5E8E1" originalValue="Göteborg" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Goeteborg</normalizedToken>
1989, Vg
<normalizedToken id="9B6D44DDCDE3424BD6230D6B2AF36E72" originalValue="Björketorp" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Bjoerketorp</normalizedToken>
1932,
<normalizedToken id="4FE236A755FFDF88EA5D182066F4C7B1" originalValue="Ög" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Oeg</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0E356CA4471C9DB0EAA91F8C14C46D73" originalValue="Norrköping" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Norrkoeping</normalizedToken>
1908, Sund 1930, Srm Eskilstuna 1999,
<normalizedToken id="4E1494B9AA28D5ADC221FC7E6FA1D5D8" originalValue="Nyköping" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Nykoeping</normalizedToken>
several records 1906-21 (with cotton), Nacka several records 1894- 1932, Salem 1919, Upl several localities around Stockholm and Uppsala, last 1952,
<normalizedToken id="42EB6B00D172DA3BDC7F18C8A9C8C5EE" originalValue="Järlåsa" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Jaerlasa</normalizedToken>
1923,
<normalizedToken id="B668688EAFB414DB99410C778440923E" originalValue="Norrtälje" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Norrtaelje</normalizedToken>
1925, Gst
<normalizedToken id="C67DEB5846E28A300ECE34AAB2EBCF2F" originalValue="Gävle" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Gaevle</normalizedToken>
several records 1919-29, His Hudiksvall 1953, Mpd
<normalizedToken id="6FED6844A7BD66B726A3F513A5DB325B" originalValue="Skön" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">Skoen</normalizedToken>
1911, Sundsvall 1922,7L Abisko 1927. A report from Vrm (Anonymous 1994) is due to misidentification. F first recorded 1904 but mainly in the period 1948-55; later on infrequent; c. 50 records from c. 20 places north to OP, more than half from Helsinki and Turku. I INo Akureyri 1950.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5778553B2974EF5B83951890E8A5BF" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">North America; a fairly frequent incomer in Europe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11511D48EE5F1B6EC96DDAB62DB570ED" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3ACBD2004E479DD7A2A9E998CA91CDD5" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Biology. In contrast to many other casual
<taxonomicName id="3BDC8F2BBAB4E0AE6E3BEC45C9725EC4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chenopodium</taxonomicName>
species apparently sometimes setting seed in Norden, especially in the southern parts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="54988D2EC875AB46FC6DA3EC908C180D" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DE71086C35CB2044009FBEA108064E9C" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Taxonomy.
<taxonomicName id="61CC55178A5521E06EB8226E02F5A56A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratericola">Chenopodium pratericola</taxonomicName>
is the most widespread member of a critical North American group of narrow-leaved species. There are different views on how this group is best treated taxonomically. In the narrow sense G
<taxonomicName id="BF027F4C6A532D4605F648D28C25565A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratericola">pratericola</taxonomicName>
has fairly large, thin leaf-blades which are fairly sparsely farinose on the upper surface and have 1 or 2 prominent, lobe-like teeth in the basal half, and moderately strongly keeled tepals. The closely related G
<taxonomicName id="D2EA29F2A1697D3E9EA92CA00FE1DF8B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="desiccatum">desiccatum</taxonomicName>
(less weedy, with a more limited distribution in W North America) has thicker, more farinose, entire leaves and more strongly keeled tepals. Many Nordic specimens (especially small ones) have extremely narrow leaves without teeth; there are plants which are very farinose on stems, leaves and tepals as well as ones which are only a little farinose. Possibly different taxa have occurred in Norden, but because the specimens are usually in vegetative or early flowering state they cannot be determined with certainty. For this reason G
<taxonomicName id="C56370581ABED2AE55297A92BA6B03E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratericola">pratericola</taxonomicName>
must be taken in a wide sense here.
</paragraph>
<caption id="036668617772772EDF222E4FFEF3F4C6" pageId="14" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="44CA5EC5F85E2E3800D8300FCF45D0FF" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="caption">
Fig. 9.
<taxonomicName id="91103827A1B0D3134F4C951891A5E3B8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chenopodium</taxonomicName>
. Leaves and top of plant x 0.5. - A: G
<taxonomicName id="7F4398D6B660FF050CC5572AB69128A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridum">hybridum</taxonomicName>
(U). - B:
<taxonomicName id="131EE3E0623A5328499997FFCA3517F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.bestMatchDistance="1768" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulvaria">C vulvaria</taxonomicName>
(£/).- C:
<taxonomicName id="49929654E06A537408AFE4B75DF58B6A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratericola">C. pratericola</taxonomicName>
(EH, U). - D:
<taxonomicName id="C4389C09CABB4DE40BDE6CBA80FEA0C2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.bestMatchDistance="1674" genus.bestMatchVote="4" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="ficifolium" subSpecies="ficifolium">C. ficifolium subsp.ficifolium</taxonomicName>
(U). ILL. MARJA KOISTINEN
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FF5F9EC258EBEA2FF5CCC2B59C279535" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Nomenclatural confusion has also occurred; the name
<taxonomicName id="02D6B78BD6C8DF60BFFCEBF7D9F70DF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptophyllum">C. leptophyllum</taxonomicName>
has often been used for the species occurring in Norden, but belongs to a different species which is also related to C. pratericola. - If G
<taxonomicName id="8D9F515D64B3F138B69BB0D819B15C9A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="desiccatum">desiccatum</taxonomicName>
and C. pratericola prove to be conspecific the oldest name for the taxon is
<taxonomicName id="4467C06A8980C38A2204B8800A183334" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="desiccatum">C desiccatum A. Nelson</taxonomicName>
from 1902.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52C0F8B191AB3F0D876C4546127C6F2E" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Similar taxa.
<taxonomicName id="9E80ABF3B709E23F5979ABFE5C170529" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratericola">Chenopodium pratericola</taxonomicName>
is similar to narrow-leaved forms of the following species: G
<taxonomicName id="50030133258416C6F77AB398254ABF86" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="album">album</taxonomicName>
(15),
<taxonomicName id="82A5AFEC05C42A735EF2A933A38D210A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striatiforme">C striatiforme</taxonomicName>
(17),
<taxonomicName id="1A810A312921E3D41354378DB8477BB9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strictum">C strictum</taxonomicName>
(18) and
<taxonomicName id="0E88C79AB526E39C8A6BE60175C53BAE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.bestMatchDistance="10224" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgatum">C. virgatum</taxonomicName>
(rare casual); however, these species are less silvery, the leaf apex is obtuse to acute (sometimes mucronate but not apiculate), and the stem is often red-tinged. Further, in these taxa the seeds are either broadly ovate in outline or larger (
<taxonomicName id="B44D1DEF0A7880D2923F4CA2AF98CEC5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" genus.bestMatchDistance="2597" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="album">C. album</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>