172 lines
18 KiB
XML
172 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.056.0205" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7913995" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683586178199" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Benjamin, Suresh P." docDate="2015" docId="D746F916FFEBFFD356BEFE45FE01FB9F" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.56.2.309-318.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 56 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geraesta Simon 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="2B7F816EFFEAFFD2574EFFD6FF9EFFBB" masterDocTitle="On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae)" masterLastPageNumber="309" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1683634822159" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the African crab spider genus Geraesta Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Benjamin, Suresh P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2015-08-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>56</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>309</mods:start>
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<mods:end>309</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0205</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.056.0205</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7913995</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7914097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D746F916FFEBFFD356BEFE45FE01FB9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D746F916FFEBFFD356BEFE45FE01FB9F" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
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<subSubSection box="[496,827,403,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,403,1060]" box="[496,827,403,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
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<heading box="[496,827,403,430]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4N4Z" authority="Simon, 1889" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[574,827,403,430]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[574,677,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Geraesta</emphasis>
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Simon, 1889
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[181,623,439,461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,403,1060]" box="[181,623,439,461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,623,439,461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4N4Z" authority="Simon, 1889: 224" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="1889" box="[181,435,439,461]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[181,264,439,460]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Geraesta</emphasis>
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Simon, 1889: 224
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6186513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6186513" author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[444,619,439,461]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03978793FFB1E13641E6F9F3FF380FF8" page="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[444,619,439,461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref3697" refString="BENJAMIN, S. P. 2011. Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3080: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin 2011: 15</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,403,1060]" box="[181,934,475,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
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<typeStatus box="[181,237,475,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1889" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[340,657,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis box="[340,503,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Geraesta hirta</emphasis>
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Simon, 1889
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,403,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
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Diagnosis: Diagnosed by the presence of two to three trichobothria on the dorsal surface of the male palpal cymbiUm (
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<figureCitation box="[510,593,546,572]" captionStart="Figs 24–26" captionStartId="8.[144,183,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[156,1064,251,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[141,1068,244,1509]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 24–26. Geraesta octolobata (Simon, 1886), male from CASENT 9057555, left palp in ventral (24), retrolateral (25) and dorsal (26) views. Abbreviations: C – conductor; E – embolus; MA – median apophysis; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; Tr – trichobothrium. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7914005/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[605,780,546,572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref3697" refString="BENJAMIN, S. P. 2011. Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3080: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 40d, 42b, 43c, 45e) and the presence of at least one serrated apical tibial apophysis (
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<figureCitation box="[787,883,577,604]" captionStart="Figs 4–8" captionStartId="3.[181,220,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[204,1116,212,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[204,1119,204,1392]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 4–8. (4) Geraesta ansieae sp. n. (MRAC 239298) and (5–8) G. congoensis (Lessert, 1943) (MRAC 239299): (4, 5) left male palp, ventral view; (6) epigynum, ventral view; (7) vulva, dorsal view; (8) vulva, ventral view.Abbreviations: C – conductor; CD – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; E – embolus; MA – median apophysis; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; S – spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (5), 0.2 mm (4, 6–8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913999/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[893,969,577,603]" captionStart="Figs 24–26" captionStartId="8.[144,183,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[156,1064,251,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[141,1068,244,1509]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 24–26. Geraesta octolobata (Simon, 1886), male from CASENT 9057555, left palp in ventral (24), retrolateral (25) and dorsal (26) views. Abbreviations: C – conductor; E – embolus; MA – median apophysis; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; Tr – trichobothrium. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7914005/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">24–26</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="RAMIREZ, M. J." box="[979,1138,577,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 374" refId="ref3903" refString="RAMIREZ, M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1 - 374." type="journal article" year="2014">Ramírez 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 151a). Females can be separated by the presence of opisthosomal lobes (
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<figureCitation box="[1012,1097,609,635]" captionStart="Figs 9–16" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,204,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-78@5.[189,1134,204,1568]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–16.(9, 10, 11, 16) Geraesta hirta Simon,1889 and(12–15) G.congoensis (Lessert,1943), male from Côte d’Ivoire, MRAC 239297 (12) and syntypes, MRAC 239288 (13–15): (9, 10, 12–14) habitus, dorsal; (11) left palp, ventral view; (15) right palp, ventral view; (16) epigynum, ventral view.Scale bars: (11, 16) = 0.2 mm, (15) = 0.5 mm, (9, 10, 13, 14) = 1.0 mm, (12) = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7914001/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figs 17–23" captionStartId="7.[181,220,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[189,1125,294,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-9@7.[189,1134,294,1512]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 17–23.Geraesta octolobata (Simon, 1886), males from CASENT 9057555 (17, 20–23)and CASENT 9001385 (18,19):(17, 18, 19) habitus,dorsal; (20–23) left male palp in ventral(20), retrolateral (21), dorsal (22) andprolateral(23)views.Scale bars:(20–23)= 0.2mm,(18) =0.5 mm,(17, 19) =1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7914003/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">17, 18</figureCitation>
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). Further,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[328,431,641,667]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[328,431,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Geraesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from other African Stephanopinae as follows: from
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1884" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1884" box="[243,560,672,698]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Borboropactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[243,410,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Borboropactus</emphasis>
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Simon, 1884
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</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of two to three trichobothria on the cymbiUm (
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<figureCitation box="[304,388,703,730]" captionStart="Figs 24–26" captionStartId="8.[144,183,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[156,1064,251,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[141,1068,244,1509]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 24–26. Geraesta octolobata (Simon, 1886), male from CASENT 9057555, left palp in ventral (24), retrolateral (25) and dorsal (26) views. Abbreviations: C – conductor; E – embolus; MA – median apophysis; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; Tr – trichobothrium. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7914005/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[401,577,703,729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref3697" refString="BENJAMIN, S. P. 2011. Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3080: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 40d, 42b, 43c, 45e;
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<bibRefCitation author="MARUSIK, Y. M. & OMELKO, M. M. & BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[863,1089,703,729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="197 - 200" refId="ref3790" refString="MARUSIK, Y. M., OMELKO, M. M. & BENJAMIN, S. P. 2013. The first description of adUlt female of Borboropactus asper (O. P. - Cambridge, 1884) from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3737: 197 - 200." type="journal article" year="2013">
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MarUsiK
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<emphasis box="[964,1021,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 1–3). Females can be separated from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1884" box="[606,773,734,760]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Borboropactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[606,773,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Borboropactus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of epigynal lips and opisthosomal lobes (
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<bibRefCitation author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[452,626,766,792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref3697" refString="BENJAMIN, S. P. 2011. Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3080: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 41e, 42c, 44d, 46d); from
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<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1877" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[962,1047,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Epidius</emphasis>
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Thorell, 1877
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</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of an elongated male palpal tibia (tibia is longer than the cymbium in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1877" box="[181,266,829,855]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[181,266,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Epidius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[280,453,829,855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref3697" refString="BENJAMIN, S. P. 2011. Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3080: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 35c) and the absence of 4–6 thicK long spines on the distal margin of the male palpal tibia (
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<bibRefCitation author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[540,716,860,887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref3697" refString="BENJAMIN, S. P. 2011. Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3080: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 33b, 35c, 36b). JUdging from the illustrations in
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<bibRefCitation author="LEDOUX, J. - C." box="[342,507,892,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="159 - 191" refId="ref3727" refString="LEDOUX, J. - C. 2004. Araignees de l'ile de La Reunion: I. Hahniidae, Ctenidae, Thomisidae et Clubionidae (Araneae). Revue Arachnologique 14: 159 - 191." type="journal article" year="2004">Ledoux (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1898" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[516,778,892,918]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Prepotelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[516,634,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Prepotelus</emphasis>
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Simon, 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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might be a synonym of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[1034,1135,892,918]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1034,1135,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Geraesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Description:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" box="[327,430,932,958]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[327,430,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Geraesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is described in
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<bibRefCitation author="BENJAMIN, S. P." box="[605,798,931,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref3697" refString="BENJAMIN, S. P. 2011. Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 3080: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2011">Benjamin (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[181,1142,403,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
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Distribution: This genus is endemic to Africa and is now known from
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<collectingCountry box="[1022,1137,971,997]" name="Botswana" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[181,287,1002,1028]" name="Comoros" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Comoros</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[300,657,1002,1028]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[671,807,1002,1029]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[819,956,1002,1028]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[969,1064,1002,1028]" name="Rwanda" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[307,411,1034,1060]" name="Tanzania" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |