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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21cbba38-7a7f-491d-b799-b67143c0d172" ID-PMC="PMC4361784" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-484-71" ID-PubMed="25829842" ID-ZBK="6D1F37E9002D496A8E79BF53935DEC65" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-484-71" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 484" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthusmicrocarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae)" checkinTime="1451244622228" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Houhun &amp; Yang, Xiaofei" docDate="2015" docId="63DB9DC7D964E76ABD8F3CC05DF96C9A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 484: 71-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 484" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696" docTitle="Epicephala microcarpa Li, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F9726A27-9218-4780-BA70-36BFE564B432" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFFE43565F0EFFD2FFFE9439FFB58672" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthusmicrocarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1668160081950" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthusmicrocarpus (Benth.) (Phyllanthaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Houhun</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yang, Xiaofei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>484</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>71</mods:start>
<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8696</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-484-71</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">6D1F37E9002D496A8E79BF53935DEC65</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D1F37E9002D496A8E79BF53935DEC65</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058379" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F9726A27-9218-4780-BA70-36BFE564B432" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63DB9DC7D964E76ABD8F3CC05DF96C9A" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Gracillariidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F9726A27-9218-4780-BA70-36BFE564B432" authority="Li" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala microcarpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcarpa">Epicephala microcarpa Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="73">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 6, 9, 12
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">237 males and 206 females, including all their genitalia preparations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Holotype ♂ - CHINA:Hainan Province: Diaoluoshan, 18.xii.2012, reared from fruit of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
Poir. by Zhibo Wang, genitalia slide no. WZB14371.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Paratypes - CHINA:Hainan Province: 3♂, 1♀, Nanxi Forestry Station, Diaoluoshan, Lingshui County, 300 m, 9-15.viii.2008, under light trap, leg. Bingbing Hu and Li Zhang; 4♂, 4♀, Diaoluoshan, 12-29.iv.2008, 11.xi-10.xii.2009, reared from fruits of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
by Bingbing Hu, 12♂, 14♀, 18.xii.2012, reared from fruits of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
by Zhibo Wang; 11♂, 11♀, Tropical Botanical Garden, Danzhou, 30.xi-28.xii.2009, reared from fruits of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
by Bingbing Hu; 1♂, 3♀, Yinggeling Mountain Nature Reserves (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.016666">19°01'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="109.55">109°33'E</geoCoordinate>
), 450 m, 8-20.vi.2010, reared from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
by Bingbing Hu; 3♂, 1♀, Jianfenling, 24.vi.2010, leg. Bingbing Hu. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 171♂, 203♀, Shaoping Forestry Centre (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.083334">22°05'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.9">106°54'E</geoCoordinate>
), 200 m, Pingxiang, 22.
<normalizedToken originalValue="vii">vii-</normalizedToken>
12.viii.2011, 6.
<normalizedToken originalValue="iv">iv-</normalizedToken>
28.vii.2012, 27.
<normalizedToken originalValue="iii">iii-</normalizedToken>
22.vii.2013, reared from fruits of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
by Xiaofei Yang (2♂, 2♀, deposited in BMNH). INDIA: 1♂, label 1: Surat, Bombay, RM. 24.1.[19]29; label 2:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala vermiformis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">Epicephala vermiformis</taxonomicName>
, 1/2 Meyr., E. Meyrick det., in Meyrick Coll.; label 3: Meyrick Coll., B. M. 1938-390; label 4: B. M. Genitalia slide No. 32328, dissected by Houhun Li, deposited in the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala exetastis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exetastis">Epicephala exetastis</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1908 both in appearance by having similar densely compacted markings and in the genital structures. It can be separated from the latter in the female by the broad cone-shaped ovipositor, the inconspicuous lamella postvaginalis, the expanded antrum and ductus bursae, and the broad signa. In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala exetastis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exetastis">Epicephala exetastis</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, the ovipositor is slender, the lamella postvaginalis is conspicuous, the antrum and ductus bursae are narrow, and the signa are narrow in the female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Adult (Fig. 6). Forewing expanse 5.07.5 mm. Head white to pale yellowish brown, lateral sides with long black scales. Labial palpus black, inner surface of second and distal portion of third segments mixed with white scales. Antenna dark brown, with narrow greyish white rings, more distinct on dorsal surface. Thorax white. Tegula with basal half brown, distal half greyish white. Forewing greyish brown to dark brown, markings dense and compact; three pairs of white striae from both costal and dorsal 2/3, 1/2 and 3/4 extending obliquely outward to middle and end of cell as well as outside of cell, dorsal striae broader and clearer than costal striae; basal 1/6 of dorsum with broad white band; a narrow silvery-white fascia with metallic reflection from costal 5/6 to dorsum, arched outward medially; distal 1/6 ochre brown, with a central black dot edged by a short white streak or a dot near costa, with a white band along dorsum; cilia greyish white except black at base and apex, adjacent white from costal margin along termen to tornus, then grey along dorsal margin. Hindwing and cilia greyish brown. Abdomen dark brown.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Figures 6-8. Adults of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
spp. 6
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala microcarpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcarpa">Epicephala microcarpa</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype ♂ 7
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala laeviclada" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviclada">Epicephala laeviclada</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype ♂ 8
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala tertiaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tertiaria">Epicephala tertiaria</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype ♀ (Scale bars = 1.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Male genitalia (Fig. 9). Tegumen broadly elliptical, lateral sides narrow and sclerotized. Valva rectangular, longer than tegumen, nearly parallel dorso-ventrally, apex obliquely rounded, with long dense setae ventrally. Sacculus narrowed, elongate triangular, approximately 4/5 length of valva, tapered to sharp or truncate apex distally; densely with long setae ventrally. Transtilla slender, S-shaped, curved downward distally, acute apically. Vinculum broad, nearly U-shaped; saccus slender, nearly the same length as vinculum, apex rounded. Phallus straight, approximately 3/4 length of valva; cornuti formed by dense spinules grouped into two bundles.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Female genitalia (Fig. 12). Ovipositor broad, cone-shaped, constricted basally, dentate laterally, acute apically. Apophysis posterioris strong, 1.2 times longer than apophysis anterioris. Lamella postvaginalis broad and very short, unconspicuous. Antrum thick, strongly sclerotized, nearly as long as 8th abdominal segment. Ductus bursae broad, slightly longer than antrum, basal 2/3 sclerotized with wide longitudinal pleats; ductus seminalis expanded, arising from base of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, shorter than ductus bursae, medially with pair of large signa, apex of signum with two teeth.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Figures 9-11. Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
spp. 9
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala microcarpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcarpa">Epicephala microcarpa</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, genitalia slide No. WZB14371 10
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala laeviclada" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviclada">Epicephala laeviclada</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, genitalia slide No. YXF14282 11
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala tertiaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tertiaria">Epicephala tertiaria</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, genitalia slide No. ZJ10021 (Scale bars = 0.2 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Figures 12-14. Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
spp. 12
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala microcarpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microcarpa">Epicephala microcarpa</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, genitalia slide No. YXF14026 13
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala laeviclada" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeviclada">Epicephala laeviclada</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, genitalia slide No. YXF14060 14
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala tertiaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tertiaria">Epicephala tertiaria</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, genitalia slide No. ZJ10028 (Scales = 0.2 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="host-plant">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Host-plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName family="Phyllanthaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
(Benth.). The larva feeds on seeds in the fruit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">China (Guangxi and Hainan), India (Bombay).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
This new species is named after its host-plant
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus microcarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpus">Phyllanthus microcarpus</taxonomicName>
(Benth.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
One specimen of the new species collected in India was determinated as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala vermiformis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">Epicephala vermiformis</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1936 by Meyrick himself. However, this specimen is quite different from the two Indonesian syntypes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala vermiformis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">Epicephala vermiformis</taxonomicName>
by having a distinctly narrower forewing (Natural History Museum, London, examined). Moreover, the host-plant of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala vermiformis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">Epicephala vermiformis</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cajanus cajan" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajan">Cajanus cajan</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="De Prins, J" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" title="Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)" url="http://www.gracillariidae.net" year="2014">De Prins and De Prins 2014</bibRefCitation>
), while all species in the genus are host-specific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>