497 lines
49 KiB
XML
497 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="F2488BFDD0C17A1ABF081C97C6C56D3B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3683.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1fd9aff5-7545-401d-8a0d-5e90d35e6ecd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218547" ID-ZooBank="0D08A084-F77F-4D38-9245-CE0B084D475A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460644389351" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E., Kitching, Ian J., Culverwell, C. Lorna, Howard, Theresa M. & Linton, Yvonne-Marie" docDate="2013" docId="525987E7FF9BFFFF0EF096BC2D3FB8E5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03683p177.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3683 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nyx Harbach & Linton" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="AE60FF9FFF9AFFFC0E6793142E62B949" masterDocTitle="Nyx pholeocola, a new genus and cavernicolous species of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) from southern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1698336587652" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5A0A3F34F58E7723DD474ABF2A0B2C5F">Nyx pholeocola, a new genus and cavernicolous species of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) from southern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="D638526D779622CFC8D25BF3CA80B17D">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="419745A96B8AFDB0FFA8023628260B5E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="571E9BDDD72B6A7C0CAFDECF92CBB554">Kitching, Ian J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3FAF8C8F609F71B8F1A2023FD346F02B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="766E5CCFEB92A1A7D781F236E15A024F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E39532A9260FD7A6CE2408CCD86F0CB9">Culverwell, C. Lorna</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C3A2C40237E69CE20D27DE76BC63265C" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BAB13CCD7EAFCBB1C71639688055975B">Howard, Theresa M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="73517C154D6DE51648633CE4F294946E" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E4E413268BC8FF4D8EBC0D5D17171342">Linton, Yvonne-Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5A11D68D2D115AD6C761F2CFD649D94F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BE8ABCA8CE4D976E440DAD5998A40E38">
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<mods:date id="36C2C8D3F98F369E6ECA966831EA3147">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="717686CAE3F7461654C1D9D3EE48B86A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3CA6F5E1B8E8A7B8B11ABE8116C302C4">3683</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="66E2597A7E4DD94A4CAFC35E6F1B5A2E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="29F6E8ED0A1BF5D19BBDC4004E933AFE">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FD7B007401B80D0785C16EB64329699D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E9952DBF84CC549E42B3C118C6A87A2C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3683.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6739577780FCA1D7024CE7AB7EA64EFE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5182D47F23F9836E87231A2315049F78" type="Zenodo-Dep">218547</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="809817926DBEF2758AF066053A0B6BA1" type="ZooBank">0D08A084-F77F-4D38-9245-CE0B084D475A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="525987E7FF9BFFFF0EF096BC2D3FB8E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670972" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119571786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:525987E7FF9BFFFF0EF096BC2D3FB8E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/525987E7FF9BFFFF0EF096BC2D3FB8E5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
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<subSubSection id="92EA657AFF9BFFFD0EF096BC2C57BC8B" box="[151,565,1448,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF9BFFFD0EF096BC2C57BC8B" blockId="1.[151,565,1448,1474]" box="[151,565,1448,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
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<heading id="8107819DFF9BFFFD0EF096BC2C57BC8B" bold="true" box="[151,565,1448,1474]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0EF096BC2C57BC8B" bold="true" box="[151,565,1448,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF9BFFFD0EF096BC2FD8BC8B" ID-CoL="92GXC" authority="Harbach & Linton" authorityName="Harbach & Linton" box="[151,442,1448,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0EF096BC2EAABC8B" bold="true" box="[151,200,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Nyx</emphasis>
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Harbach & Linton
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</taxonomicName>
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, gen. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92EA657AFF9BFFFE0EF096FB2FE1BAED" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF9BFFFD0EF096FB2C83BF4D" blockId="1.[151,737,1518,1541]" box="[151,737,1518,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
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<typeStatus id="054B8853FF9BFFFD0EF096FB2EAABF4D" box="[151,200,1519,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF9BFFFD0F4196E42CE4BF4D" authority="Linton & Harbach" authorityName="Linton & Harbach" box="[294,646,1518,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pholeocola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0F4196E42FA6BF4C" box="[294,452,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Nyx pholeocola</emphasis>
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Linton & Harbach
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3B75798FF9BFFFD0CF696FB2C83BF4D" box="[657,737,1519,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0CF696FB2C83BF4D" bold="true" box="[657,737,1519,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF9BFFFD0EF095252CBBBEF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1585,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0EF095252E94BF00" box="[151,246,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Females</emphasis>
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. Medium-sized mosquitoes.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0C2195252CE0BF00" box="[582,642,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Head</emphasis>
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: Eyes narrowly separated above antennae; vertex with large falcate scales and few broad scales laterally, ocular and interocular areas with smaller falcate scales, erect scales on occiput and back of vertex, interocular setae present; antenna longer than proboscis; maxillary palpus about 0.2 length of proboscis, with 3 normally developed palpomeres and a minute vestigial fourth palpomere.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0B24958A2BF6BFFF" box="[1347,1428,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Thorax</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF9BFFFD0EF095D52E8FBF90" box="[151,237,1729,1753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fissurellidae" genus="Scutum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Scutum</taxonomicName>
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with pattern of narrow pale and dark scales; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae present; scutellum with very narrow scales; paratergite narrow, without scales or setae; antepronotum with scales, postpronotum with few narrow scales; postspiracular setae and scales present.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0D63941E2D5EBE68" box="[772,828,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Wing</emphasis>
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: Remigium without setae; alula with broad scales on margin.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0E93943B2F4BBE0F" box="[244,297,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Legs</emphasis>
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: Tarsi dark-scaled; both ungues of fore- and midlegs toothed, hindungues slightly smaller, apparently without teeth.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0F2594452FCEBE20" box="[322,428,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Tergum I nearly completely covered with scales and setae, laterotergite with scales.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0EF094622F63BEC7" box="[151,257,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Genitalia</emphasis>
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: Segment VIII retracted into segment VII; cercus relatively long, more than twice length of postgenital lobe; insula without setae; 3 spermathecal capsules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF9BFFFE0EA094AA2CE7B8CE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1585,2006]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0EA094AA2F69BE9F" box="[199,267,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Males</emphasis>
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. Essentially as the females.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF9BFFFD0C2E94AA2CE4BE9F" box="[585,646,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Head</emphasis>
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: Antenna about 0.75 length of proboscis, flagellar whorls long, dense, directed dorsally and ventrally, flagellomeres 12 and 13 elongate; maxillary palpus short, 0.4 length of proboscis, comprised of 4 palpomeres, fourth vestigial.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CFB93A92CB3B99D" box="[668,721,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Legs</emphasis>
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: Ungues of fore- and midlegs enlarged, anterior and posterior unguis of each pair with a tooth.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C4793F42CE8B9B1" box="[544,650,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Genitalia</emphasis>
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: Tergum IX lobes poorly developed, separated, with rows of setae; sternum IX with 1–3 medial setae; gonocoxite elongate, with lateral scales; gonostylus long, slender at base, distally flattened, expanded and highly setose; claspette small, tapered to acute apex with a few setae; aedeagus comprised of 2 tergally bent lateral plates, each plate with apical teeth; proctiger strongly developed, paraproct with sharp caudal spine, cercal setae absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF98FFFE0EA092812FBCB8BD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EA092812F6DB8E5" box="[199,271,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Pupae</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F7992802FA4B8E5" box="[286,454,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
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: Seta 7-CT longer than seta 6-CT.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D3B92802DA7B8E5" box="[860,965,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0A6892802A21B8E5" box="[1039,1091,404,428]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">3-III</date>
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long, single; seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0B7192802B2BB8E5" box="[1302,1353,404,428]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">6-III</date>
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single, seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0EAD92A32F6AB886" box="[202,264,439,463]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">6-VII</date>
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small, posterior to seta 9; seta 9-IV–VI posterior to seta 8, seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0DB292A32A71B886" box="[981,1043,439,463]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">9-VII</date>
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single, stout; paddle oval, external and internal margins smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF98FFFE0EA091152A0FBAC9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EA091152FA2BB51" box="[199,448,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Larvae, fourth-instars</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0FA891142C6EBB51" box="[463,524,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Head</emphasis>
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: Seta 4-C short, with 3 or 4 branches; setae 5,6,8,13-C single; seta 14-C longer than seta 15-C, single or double; cervical sclerite present.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D4B91302D1FBB75" box="[812,893,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Seta 1-P well developed, longer than seta 2-P; setae 1,3-P usually double (1,2); seta 5-P double; seta 5-T small, single.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DB5915C2A5EBB29" box="[978,1084,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0AE391532AD0BB16" box="[1156,1202,583,607]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" value="2011-01">11-I</date>
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large, 2,3-branched; seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0EAA91782E8CBBCD" box="[205,238,620,644]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">2-I</date>
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,II large, 2,3-branched, inserted anterolateral to seta 1, seta 2-III–VI relatively small, single or double, inserted anterior to seta 1; seta 5-II–VII small, usually single; seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0DE691842DC9BBEE" box="[897,939,656,679]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">7-II</date>
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single, about half length of seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0B7E919B2B25BBEE" box="[1305,1351,655,679]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">6-II</date>
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; seta 9- III–VI inserted near and anterior to seta 7; seta 10-II–V inserted lateral to setae 11,12; seta 13-III–V single.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EF091CC2F4DBBB9" box="[151,303,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Segment VIII</emphasis>
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: Comb scales spine-like, in single row.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D7491CC2D03BBB9" box="[787,865,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Siphon</emphasis>
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: Acus present, detached; seta 1-S 2,3-branched, inserted distal to pecten; distal 1 or 2 pecten spines usually slightly more widely spaced.
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0AA791E92B5EBA5D" box="[1216,1340,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Segment X</emphasis>
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: Saddle incomplete, relatively large, extending below lateral midline, acus not developed, posterior margin with spine-like spicules; seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0F5490502F3DBA15" box="[307,351,836,860]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">1-X</date>
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single, shorter than saddle; seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0CA890502C98BA15" box="[719,762,836,860]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">2-X</date>
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with multiple branches; seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0A2190502A10BA15" box="[1094,1138,836,860]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">3-X</date>
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single; ventral brush (seta
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<date id="AE4E1031FF98FFFE0EF090732EA1BA36" box="[151,195,871,895]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">4-X</date>
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) with 4 or 4.5 pairs of setae on grid (with only transverse bars) and 1 precratal seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF98FFFE0EA090992FE1BAED" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,387,908,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EA090992E9DBAED" box="[199,255,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Eggs</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92EA657AFF98FFFF0EA090A42D3FB8E5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF98FFFE0EA090A42B23BD7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EA090A42F2CBA81" bold="true" box="[199,334,944,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0F3290A52FE7BA80" box="[341,389,945,969]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the Greek goddess of the night – a shadowy figure who stood at or near the beginning of creation and gave birth to a number of personified gods. Her sparse appearances in mythology reveal her as a goddess of exceptional power and beauty.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0C1D90ED2CC8BD58" box="[634,682,1017,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
was rarely and only glimpsed in the shadows of the world, which prompted the generic name proposed here. The two-letter abbreviation
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DD397092DB1BD7D" box="[948,979,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nx</emphasis>
|
||
. is recommended for this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF98FFFE0EA0972B2D26BFDE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EA0972B2F38BD11" bold="true" box="[199,346,1087,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Systematics.</emphasis>
|
||
The generic status and phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0DD497552DBCBD11" box="[947,990,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DD497552DBCBD11" box="[947,990,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were assessed objectively by including character data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0F0197712FF0BD35" box="[358,402,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F0197712FF0BD35" box="[358,402,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the data set of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE614B00FF98FFFE0C0697702D29BD35" box="[609,843,1124,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" refString="Reinert, J. F., Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (2009) Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 700 - 794 + 2 online appendices. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00570. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Reinert
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CDB97712C8CBD35" box="[700,750,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The characters used in the analyses and their states observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0F46979D2F2EBDE9" box="[289,332,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F46979D2F2EBDE9" box="[289,332,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are listed in the Appendix. Analyses using implied weights and values of
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0AF1979D2ACBBDE9" box="[1174,1193,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
ranging from 5 to 17 each yielded a single most parsimonious (fittest) cladogram (MPC). With the most extreme weighting functions,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0BEE97B92BFEBD8D" box="[1417,1436,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 5 and 6,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0F7797C52F59BDA1" box="[272,315,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F7797C52F59BDA1" box="[272,315,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was placed as the sister group to
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CDF97C42D78BDA1" box="[696,794,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
, though the placement of this pair with other genera was quite different in the two MPCs. For
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C2297E12C3ABC45" box="[581,600,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 7–13, the pattern of relationships among the genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0B7897E12BF1BC45" box="[1311,1427,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0B7897E12BF1BC45" box="[1311,1427,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- group (the clade comprising genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0C4E960C2C15BC79" box="[553,631,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Skusea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C4E960C2C15BC79" box="[553,631,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Skusea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0CFC960C2D6CBC66" box="[667,782,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CFC960C2D6CBC66" box="[667,782,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was consistently recovered and identical to that shown in figure 1 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE614B00FF98FFFE0F7296282F9EBC1D" box="[277,508,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" refString="Reinert, J. F., Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (2009) Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 700 - 794 + 2 online appendices. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00570. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Reinert
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F0896292FC3BC1D" box="[367,417,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with the addition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0C8B96292D75BC1D" box="[748,791,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C8B96292D75BC1D" box="[748,791,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was placed as a separate branch of the main stem between
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0E9996742F02BC31" box="[254,352,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0FFB96742C78BC31" box="[412,538,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Borichinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0FFB96742C78BC31" box="[412,538,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Borichinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="42CB2A74FF98FFFE0C4A96742C13BC31" box="[557,625,1376,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,963,986]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,510,919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,483,942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Placement of Nyx in the phylogeny of tribe Aedini when character data for Nx. pholeocola (Appendix) are added to the data set of Reinert et al. (2009) and analyzed using implied weighting and a concavity constant (K) of 9. Supporting characters are indicated on the branches. All are homoplastic, so Nyx, like most generic-level taxa of Aedini, is a polythetic genus that is diagnosed by a unique combination of characters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218548/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The branching pattern at the base of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0A0096742AB8BC3E" box="[1127,1242,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0A0096742AB8BC3E" box="[1127,1242,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group was thus: (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0EC796902E8CBCD5" box="[160,238,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Skusea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EC796902E8CBCD5" box="[160,238,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Skusea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0F6896902C71BCD5" authority="Cancraedes" authorityName="Cancraedes" box="[271,531,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Indusius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F6896902F0CBCD5" box="[271,366,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Indusius</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0FEA96902C71BCD5" box="[397,531,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Cancraedes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0C2096902C82BCD5" box="[583,736,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Fredwardsius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C2096902C82BCD5" box="[583,736,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Fredwardsius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D6596902D06BCD5" box="[770,868,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0DE196912DD3BCD5" box="[902,945,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DE196912DD3BCD5" box="[902,945,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0DB496902A33BCD5" box="[979,1105,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Borichinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DB496902A33BCD5" box="[979,1105,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Borichinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0A1B96912A9DBCD5" box="[1148,1279,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Diceromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0A1B96912A9DBCD5" box="[1148,1279,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Diceromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0B7996902BF1BCD5" box="[1310,1427,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Ayurakitia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0B7996902BF1BCD5" box="[1310,1427,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Ayurakitia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EC796BC2F5DBC89" box="[160,319,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Dendroskusea</emphasis>
|
||
, remainder of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0C6C96BC2C1CBCF6" box="[523,638,1448,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C6C96BC2C1CBCF6" box="[523,638,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group)))))). With
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D2B96BD2D3DBC89" box="[844,863,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 14 and 15,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D9196BC2A3ABC89" box="[1014,1112,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0A0196BD2AF3BC89" box="[1126,1169,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0A0196BD2AF3BC89" box="[1126,1169,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0AA196BC2B26BC89" box="[1222,1348,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Borichinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0AA196BC2B26BC89" box="[1222,1348,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Borichinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a clade with the first two as sister taxa. The weakest weighting with
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DC696D92DD6BCAD" box="[929,948,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 16 and 17 showed a similar but inverted pattern to that for
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F0296E52F1ABF41" box="[357,376,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 7–13: (
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F8F96E42CE5BF41" box="[488,647,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Dendroskusea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0CFF96E52D79BF41" box="[664,795,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Diceromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CFF96E52D79BF41" box="[664,795,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Diceromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0D4C96E42DFDBF41" box="[811,927,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Ayurakitia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D4C96E42DFDBF41" box="[811,927,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Ayurakitia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0DA496E42A23BF41" box="[963,1089,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Borichinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DA496E42A23BF41" box="[963,1089,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Borichinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0A3596E52A1CBF41" box="[1106,1150,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0A3596E52A1CBF41" box="[1106,1150,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0AE896E42A93BF41" box="[1167,1265,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0B6596E42BF9BF41" box="[1282,1435,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Fredwardsius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0B6596E42BF9BF41" box="[1282,1435,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Fredwardsius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0ECE95002E95BF65" box="[169,247,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Skusea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0ECE95002E95BF65" box="[169,247,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Skusea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0F6C95002C60BF65" authority="Cancraedes" authorityName="Cancraedes" box="[267,514,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Indusius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F6C95002F08BF65" box="[267,362,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Indusius</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F1B95002C60BF65" box="[380,514,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Cancraedes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)), remainder of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0C9595012D07BF65" box="[754,869,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C9595012D07BF65" box="[754,869,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group))))).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE614B00FF98FFFE0D9695002A82BF65" box="[1009,1248,1556,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" refString="Reinert, J. F., Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (2009) Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 700 - 794 + 2 online appendices. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00570. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Reinert
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0A2995012AE1BF65" box="[1102,1155,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a similar “plateau of stability” between
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F8E952D2F9EBF19" box="[489,508,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 7 and
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C3B952D2C0DBF19" box="[604,623,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 10, and restricted their discussion to a consideration of the MPC found with
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EB795492E81BF3D" box="[208,227,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 9. As we found a similar pattern, although now extended to
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0DCE95492DDEBF3D" box="[937,956,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 13, and for ease of comparison, we also restrict subsequent discussion to the MPC found using
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C9895952D70BFD1" box="[767,786,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
= 9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA4F36F1FF98FFFF0EA095B02D3FB8E5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The branch supporting
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0FAB95B02C4CBFF5" box="[460,558,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
as sister to the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0D3395B12DA5BFF5" box="[852,967,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D3395B12DA5BFF5" box="[852,967,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group is supported by 15 unambiguously optimized but homoplastic characters (
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C5995D32C15BFA9" bold="true" box="[574,631,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">33: 0</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CE395D32CDEBFA9" bold="true" box="[644,700,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">54: 0</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CAE95D32D63BFA9" bold="true" box="[713,769,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">98: 1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D6995D32D36BFA9" bold="true" box="[782,852,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">101: 1</emphasis>
|
||
, 158: 2, 188: 1, 198: 0,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0A3095D32AE6BFA9" bold="true" box="[1111,1156,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">226</emphasis>
|
||
: 0, 240: 0,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0A9B95D32B4BBFA9" bold="true" box="[1276,1321,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">256</emphasis>
|
||
: 0,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0B2895D32B1EBFA9" bold="true" box="[1359,1404,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">261</emphasis>
|
||
: 0,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EF095FF2EA7BE4D" bold="true" box="[151,197,1771,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">262</emphasis>
|
||
: 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0E8895FF2F7FBE4D" bold="true" box="[239,285,1771,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">266</emphasis>
|
||
: 1, 273: 0, 326:0), which include nine (boldface) of 10 that supported the same branch in the study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE614B00FF98FFFE0EF094042FE9BE61" box="[151,395,1808,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" refString="Reinert, J. F., Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (2009) Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 700 - 794 + 2 online appendices. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00570. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Reinert
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0E9294052F48BE61" box="[245,298,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The branch uniting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0CE394052CD2BE61" box="[644,688,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CE394052CD2BE61" box="[644,688,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the remainder of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0D9394042A05BE6E" box="[1012,1127,1808,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D9394042A05BE6E" box="[1012,1127,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group to the exclusion of
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EF094202E9BBE05" box="[151,249,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
is supported by seven unambiguously optimized but homoplastic characters (7:0,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0AFC94272AADBE05" bold="true" box="[1179,1231,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">24:1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0ABA94272B73BE05" bold="true" box="[1245,1297,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">34:1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0B7894272B31BE05" bold="true" box="[1311,1363,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">63:1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0B0594272BF7BE05" bold="true" box="[1378,1429,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">92:1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EF094432EBABE39" bold="true" box="[151,216,1879,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">290:1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0E8094432F4ABE39" bold="true" box="[231,296,1879,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">317:1</emphasis>
|
||
), and the branch supporting the clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0D03944C2D80BE39" box="[868,994,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Borichinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D03944C2D80BE39" box="[868,994,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Borichinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0AA7944C2B56BE26" box="[1216,1332,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0AA7944C2B56BE26" box="[1216,1332,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group to the exclusion of
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F3694682FD1BEDD" box="[337,435,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0F8D94692C74BEDD" box="[490,534,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F8D94692C74BEDD" box="[490,534,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by 10 unambiguously optimized but homoplastic characters (40: 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0EF0948B2EB0BEF1" bold="true" box="[151,210,1951,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">52: 2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0E8594B42F7FBEF1" bold="true" box="[226,285,1951,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">55: 2</emphasis>
|
||
, 58: 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0F11948B2FD3BEF1" bold="true" box="[374,433,1951,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">64: 1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0FA7948B2F9EBEF1" bold="true" box="[448,508,1951,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">67: 1</emphasis>
|
||
, 110: 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0C05948B2CF2BEF1" bold="true" box="[610,656,1951,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">232</emphasis>
|
||
: 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CDD948B2C8ABEF1" bold="true" box="[698,744,1951,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">255</emphasis>
|
||
: 0, 328: 1). The emboldened characters in these two lists are those that supported the clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0CEE94D02D65BE95" box="[649,775,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Borichinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0CEE94D02D65BE95" box="[649,775,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Borichinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF98FFFE0D9194D12A08BE95" box="[1014,1130,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF98FFFE0D9194D12A08BE95" box="[1014,1130,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group to the exclusion of
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0EF0938C2E9BB9F9" box="[151,249,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
in the study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE614B00FF99FFFF0FDF93832CCAB9E6" box="[440,680,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" refString="Reinert, J. F., Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (2009) Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 700 - 794 + 2 online appendices. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00570. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Reinert
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0C73938D2C2BB9F9" box="[532,585,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Thus, six of the original 13 characters that support this clade in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE614B00FF99FFFF0EF093A82F1EB99D" box="[151,380,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" refString="Reinert, J. F., Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (2009) Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 700 - 794 + 2 online appendices. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00570. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Reinert
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0E9693A92F41B99D" box="[241,291,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are now placed on the branch below
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0D4293A92D32B99D" box="[805,848,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0D4293A92D32B99D" box="[805,848,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and five on the branch above
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0ACF93A92AB6B99D" box="[1192,1236,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0ACF93A92AB6B99D" box="[1192,1236,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0EF093F52EA1B9B1" box="[151,195,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0EF093F52EA1B9B1" box="[151,195,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rendered the optimization of the remaining character, 53:1, ambiguous. In other words, the addition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0B2393F52B12B9B1" box="[1348,1392,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0B2393F52B12B9B1" box="[1348,1392,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has simply resulted in the slotting in of this genus on the original branch between
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0A4492102AE7B855" box="[1059,1157,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Isoaedes</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0AA792102B5CB855" box="[1216,1342,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Borichinda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0AA792102B5CB855" box="[1216,1342,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Borichinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the almost equal division of the characters that supported this branch on either side of the node leading to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0B52923D2B02B809" box="[1333,1376,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0B52923D2B02B809" box="[1333,1376,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0B17923D2BF9B809" box="[1392,1435,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0B17923D2BF9B809" box="[1392,1435,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself is on a branch supported by 12 unambiguously optimized but homoplastic characters: 36: 1, 37: 0, 65: 1, 143: 2, 157: 2, 159: 0, 161: 0, 182: 3, 221: 1, 282: 1, 304: 2 and 308: 1. These differences clearly support the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0ED292812E82B8E5" box="[181,224,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Nyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E884EAE3FF99FFFF0ED292812E82B8E5" box="[181,224,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Nyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new polythetically diagnosed genus of tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DF04D72FF99FFFF0D6E92802D3BB8E5" box="[777,857,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aedini">Aedini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |