188 lines
25 KiB
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188 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="788BAB8DA6BEBCFC309185A015F6ED5F" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1711484105509" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Georgieva, Magdalena N., Little, Crispin T. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Sephton, Mark A., Ball, Alexander D. & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2019" docId="03C0814B9034FFB23F5CFEE04C96FE0A" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.17.4.287-329.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.2:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Serpulidae Rafinesque 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="294" masterDocId="FFF9F933903CFFBB3E4CFFA14E0EFF1E" masterDocTitle="Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="294" updateTime="1711484490805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2AEDDD822FFC4EF68D19F7E31FBFED87">Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DEBC42561FE85D854F89159F5FB1E1EB">Georgieva, Magdalena N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D546188C01DA2567A9C536DD533B25BB">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; & School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D44CCCAA7B6CAC00612F08FE888ED803">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4F5CA8080E22558979F94CACBB47510">School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="044E7E2F68DCEBFD9AF310CC57046BE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4AF17057E37F9087F4B9BBE66109746B">Watson, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54E9D246A2DA59D029F61E873FD7EDF7">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A62E42EBB9C5BB3857D789AACD2FBBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B67B637588A2F5FEE4F8F7719CE934C9">Sephton, Mark A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="929FAD8EF21168B25A903B90A5E6B1B3">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="72B6BD66AB28B3385CEEAAED43408175">Ball, Alexander D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="621C997267D051854685038AF23BEDE6">Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="50A080F9E75BBE9477AC621A7E9372BD">Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A31432857DF94D176594A40C7C715AE7">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="29469FF4ECB445A3604696B739B38A38">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="773CA9D75293AC9AFDB6A61A81F5BB8F">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="01EDD84D389FC6D9995618DCBFAEAECA">
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<mods:date id="B94EF3504F9EF1D99599641F4C646552">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="30FCB5CECFE9C839E62385E49C3BAB2F">2017-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7BBE1F547EC8E1E9D1FFB3EFE4D4465F">17</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="71F86D4F32E70651233C50F06F25BFDE">287</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="82D85980476A2DADBBF6708F020DD464">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="6688E1667BB83CE8B65E6098BA36DA84" type="DOI">10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1B096AFA87A033736ECE02B93130F5BC" type="ISSN">1478-0941</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C0814B9034FFB23F5CFEE04C96FE0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0814B9034FFB23F5CFEE04C96FE0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0814B9034FFB23F5CFEE04C96FE0A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69034FFB33F5CFEE04C36FE66" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB33F5CFEE04C92FE46" blockId="8.[272,668,289,408]" box="[272,668,321,344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
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<heading id="D09E87319034FFB33F5CFEE04C92FE46" box="[272,668,321,344]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" reason="6">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9034FFB33F2EFEE04C92FE46" ID-CoL="84KRW" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[354,668,321,344]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33F2EFEE04FD3FE46" bold="true" box="[354,477,321,344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Serpulidae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9034FFB33FAFFEE04C92FE46" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[483,668,321,344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" refId="ref25000" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'Univers et des corps organises´. Palerme, 224 pp." type="book" year="1815">Rafinesque, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB33F39FEC04C36FE66" blockId="8.[272,668,289,408]" box="[373,568,353,376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33F39FEC04C36FE66" bold="true" box="[373,568,353,376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">‘Bexhaven tubes’</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69034FFB33FE2FE204FF0FE86" box="[430,510,385,408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB33FE2FE204FF0FE86" blockId="8.[272,668,289,408]" box="[430,510,385,408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33FFBFE204FFBFE86" box="[439,501,385,408]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69034FFB33ED3FE774EEBFC1F" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB33ED3FE774CF5FD13" blockId="8.[159,781,470,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33ED3FE774F04FEF3" bold="true" box="[159,266,470,493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Material.</emphasis>
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BXG, many small-diameter tubes occurring clustered together (
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||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33F21FE574FCCFD13" box="[365,450,502,525]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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||
). Collected by C.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED78A8989034FFB33CCDFE574C9AFD13" box="[641,660,502,525]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">T</collectionCode>
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. S. Little.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB33ED3FDEA4EEBFC1F" blockId="8.[159,781,587,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33ED3FDEA4F22FD7C" bold="true" box="[159,300,587,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Bexhaven locality, northern
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<collectingRegion id="49ADFEBF9034FFB33C34FDEA4D03FD7C" box="[632,781,587,610]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Hawke’s Bay</collectingRegion>
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area, east coast of North Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E70CD9034FFB33C48FDCA4C9BFD9C" box="[516,661,619,642]" name="New Zealand" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33CEBFDCB4CB2FD9C" bold="true" box="[679,700,618,642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">~</emphasis>
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38
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159034FFB33C9AFDC74CD1FD69" attach="left" box="[726,735,614,631]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Ǫ</superScript>
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3
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33CBDFDC74CF8FD69" bold="true" box="[753,758,614,631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159034FFB33CBDFDC74CF8FD69" attach="right" box="[753,758,614,631]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">ļ</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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S, 178
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159034FFB33E8BFD274EDEFD89" attach="none" box="[199,208,646,663]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Ǫ</superScript>
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5
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33EAEFD274EE9FD89" bold="true" box="[226,231,646,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159034FFB33EAEFD274EE9FD89" attach="right" box="[226,231,646,663]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">ļ</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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E). Seep carbonates occurring as isolated lenses in mudstone, Bexhaven Limestone Formation, Tolaga Group, Middle Miocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9034FFB33FF0FD6B4CA4FDFF" author="Campbell, K. A. & Francis, D. A. & Collins, M. & Gregory, M. R. & Nelson, C. S. & Greinert, J. & Aharon, P." box="[444,682,714,737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" pagination="83 - 105" refId="ref22087" refString="Campbell, K. A., Francis, D. A., Collins, M., Gregory, M. R., Nelson, C. S., Greinert, J. & Aharon, P. 2008. Hydrocarbon seep-carbonates of a Miocene forearc (East Coast Basin), North Island, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology, 204, 83 - 105." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Campbell
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33C7DFD6B4C65FDFF" box="[561,619,714,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9034FFB33CF1FD6B4EDAFC1F" author="Saether, K. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="294" refId="ref25204" refString="Saether, K. P. 2011. A taxonomic and palaeobiogeographic study of the fossil fauna of Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, North Island, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Auckland, 479 pp." type="book" year="2011">Saether 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69034FFB33D01FF1C4A5CFD0D" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB33D01FF1C4BB5FECA" blockId="8.[845,1467,189,531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33D01FF1C4DD9FFCA" bold="true" box="[845,983,189,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Description.</emphasis>
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Carbonate tubes
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<quantity id="4C919DB89034FFB33AE8FF1C4B27FFCA" box="[1188,1321,189,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.9 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, non-branching, somewhat sinuous (wavy) (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33B6BFF7C4B70FFEA" box="[1319,1406,221,244]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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), and appearing to have been originally rigid as they demonstrate clean fractures (
|
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33A73FEBC4A9DFE2A" box="[1087,1171,285,308]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
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). Tubes do not taper in the fragments observed. Tube wall surfaces exhibit numerous fine, parallel transverse wrinkles (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33A99FEFC4B21FE6A" box="[1237,1327,349,372]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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). Tubes are clearly attached to each other (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33AFAFEDC4B3BFE8A" box="[1206,1333,381,404]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
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), and show chevron-like multi-layered tube wall structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33B15FE3C4BA0FEAA" box="[1369,1454,413,436]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in some cases the tube walls have been replaced
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB33D01FE7D4A5CFD0D" blockId="8.[845,1467,189,531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33D1AFE7D4DA2FEED" box="[854,940,476,499]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,833,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-261@8.[173,1453,832,1801]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Serpulidae sp., ‘Bexhaven’, BXG, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, tubes in hand specimen. B, detail of tubes in hand specimen showing fine parallel transverse wrinkles on tube surfaces. C, tubes in section. D, cluster of five attached tubes in transverse section. E, detail of partial transverse section of tube wall showing its chevron-like appearance. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 2 mm; D, E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883387/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube walls do not appear to contain preserved organic matter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33DBBFE5D4A4DFD0D" box="[1015,1091,508,531]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="36.[159,227,1780,1801]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,469,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-134@36.[173,1453,468,1748]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 25. Results of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) of recently mineralized and ancient fossil annelid tubes (see online edition for colour version). Tubes are imaged in auto-fluorescence mode, where areas of fluorescence likely reflect the presence of organic matter. A, detail of mineralized Escarpia southwardae (Siboglinidae) tube transverse section. B, fossil tube from Upper Waiau River, New Zealand (UWT3-4), detail of transverse section. C, fossil tube from West Fork Satsop River, Washington State, USA (WFSR 1A), detail of transverse section. D, fossil tubes from Bexhaven, New Zealand (BXG), detail of two near-transverse sections. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883431/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69034FFB23D01FDEA4C96FE0A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9034FFB23D01FDEA4C96FE0A" blockId="8.[845,1467,587,769]" lastBlockId="9.[159,782,189,276]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9034FFB33D01FDEA4DB5FD7C" bold="true" box="[845,955,587,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The attachment exhibited by the tubes and the chevron-like structure of their walls clearly point to the tubes having been made by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9034FFB33A33FD2A4BBAFDBC" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1151,1460,651,674]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
|
||
Serpulidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9034FFB33AB5FD2A4BBAFDBC" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[1273,1460,651,674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="294" refId="ref25000" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'Univers et des corps organises´. Palerme, 224 pp." type="book" year="1815">Rafinesque, 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they are identified as such by both cluster and cladistic analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33D95FD6A4A27FDFC" box="[985,1065,715,738]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="33.[159,227,1382,1403]" captionTargetBox="[173,1453,183,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-184@33.[173,1453,183,1350]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 22. Strict consensus cladogram of the three most parsimonious trees of tubes built by a total of 43 modern annelid taxa (best score = 14.344, consistency index = 0.308, retention index = 0.629). The analysis was based on the 48 mostly morphological tube characters and was performed using implied character weighting (k = 3). Numbers on nodes represent groups present/contradicted support values. Symbols/colours indicate taxonomic affinities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883425/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89034FFB33A7BFD6A4A5CFDFC" box="[1079,1106,715,738]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="35.[159,227,1159,1180]" captionTargetBox="[398,1229,183,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-242@35.[397,1230,183,1127]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 24. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra of the organic tubes of vent and seep annelids. Spectra are offset on the absorbance axis, and key spectral absorbance peaks are labelled with the types of chemical bonds they represent: -NH, nitrogenhydrogen; -CH, carbon-hydrogen; -OH, oxygen-hydrogen. The regions of the tube analysed are as follows: Tevnia jerichonana (anterior, inner tube wall); Zenkevitchiana longissimi (middle, outer tube wall); Lamellibrachia anaximandri (posterior, outer tube wall); Sclerolinum contortum (anterior, outer tube wall); Alvinella sp. (middle); Spiochaetopterus izuensis (middle, outer tube wall)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883429/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="294">24</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tube wall ornamentation of fine closely spaced transverse wrinkles is also seen in many members of this family (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9035FFB23C6CFF1C4CA5FFCA" box="[544,683,189,212]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23C6CFF1C4C7DFFCA" box="[544,627,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Serpula</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Serpulids have also tentatively been suggested to occur at the Haunui and Ugly Hill localities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9035FFB23FB7FF5C4C86FE0A" author="Saether, K. P." box="[507,648,253,276]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" refId="ref25204" refString="Saether, K. P. 2011. A taxonomic and palaeobiogeographic study of the fossil fauna of Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, North Island, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Auckland, 479 pp." type="book" year="2011">Saether 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |