treatments-xml/data/03/BF/4B/03BF4B62FFBBE0321C43FE208181FD9E.xml
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<mods:title id="3619639DB4039AC2B4E4FB56053D898D">Seven new giant pill-millipede species and numerous new records of the genus Zoosphaerium from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7082A328EBED897C10E89FD3B1C33910">Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D6CF31DD3DFB348A40A7EBE4160B25D">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="26B2FBBBE6ED549E1076242FC7A916B9">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. &amp; University of Bonn, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, D- 53121 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311C91FE208126FE43" bold="true" box="[663,839,475,502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zoosphaerium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311D49FE20818EFE43" author="Pocock R. I." box="[847,1007,475,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="409 - 415" refId="ref27194" refString="Pocock R. I. 1895. Description of new genera of Zephronidae, with brief preliminary diagnoses of some new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 16 (95): 409 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680293" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311EBBFDE78307FD83" box="[189,358,540,566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zoosphaerium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311F68FDE7802CFD82" author="Pocock R. I." box="[366,589,540,567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="409 - 415" refId="ref27194" refString="Pocock R. I. 1895. Description of new genera of Zephronidae, with brief preliminary diagnoses of some new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 16 (95): 409 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680293" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895: 410</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311EBBFDBB8303FDEF" box="[189,354,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Globotherium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311F6FFDBB8011FDEF" author="Brolemann H. W." box="[361,624,576,602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="223 - 278" refId="ref26678" refString="Brolemann H. W. 1922. Liste des myriapodes de l'Academie Malagache de Tananarive. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 47: 223 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3470" type="journal article" year="1922">Brolemann, 1922: 230</bibRefCitation>
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(formal synonymization in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311DB1FDBB869DFDEF" author="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W." box="[951,1276,576,602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="5 - 82" refId="ref28537" refString="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W. 2008. The giant pill-millipedes of Madagascar: revision of the genus Zoosphaerium (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida). Zoosystema 30 (1): 5 - 82." type="journal article" year="2008">Wesener &amp; Wägele 2008: 9</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311EBBFD988009FDCB" ID-CoL="eaaff0be-2382-448d-816d-4d664b87ee00" authority="Chamberlin, 1921: 58" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1921" box="[189,616,611,638]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Heligmasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311EBBFD988301FDC8" box="[189,352,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heligmasoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311F61FD988009FDCB" author="Chamberlin R. V." box="[359,616,611,638]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="50 - 87" refId="ref26721" refString="Chamberlin R. V. 1921. New Chilopoda and Diplopoda from the East Indian region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 7 (37): 50 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632489" type="journal article" year="1921">Chamberlin, 1921: 58</bibRefCitation>
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(formal synonymization in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311DA9FD988695FDC8" author="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W." box="[943,1268,611,637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="5 - 82" refId="ref28537" refString="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W. 2008. The giant pill-millipedes of Madagascar: revision of the genus Zoosphaerium (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida). Zoosystema 30 (1): 5 - 82." type="journal article" year="2008">Wesener &amp; Wägele 2008: 9</bibRefCitation>
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).
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See
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311EE8FD5E83C9FD0A" author="Wesener T." box="[238,424,676,703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref28054" refString="Wesener T. 2016. The giant pill-millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - an annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Bonn Zoological Bulletin - Supplementum 63: 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="2016">Wesener (2016)</bibRefCitation>
for a summary; five additional species have been described since then (
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311AF2FD5E8306FD57" author="Sagorny C. &amp; Wesener T." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="273 - 294" refId="ref27608" refString="Sagorny C. &amp; Wesener T. 2017. Two new giant pill-millipede species of the genus Zoosphaerium endemic to the Bemanevika area in northern Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae). Zootaxa 4263 (2): 273 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.2.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Sagorny &amp; Wesener 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFBBE0311F74FD3380A0FD57" author="Wesener T. &amp; Anilkumar P. A." box="[370,705,712,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 35" refId="ref28188" refString="Wesener T. &amp; Anilkumar P. A. 2020. The millipedes collected by the Museum &quot; La Specola &quot; on Madagascar 1989 / 1991, with the description of three new species of giant pill-millipedes (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae). In: Korsos Z. &amp; Danyi L. (eds) Proceedings of the 18 th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys 930: 3 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 930.47620" type="journal article" year="2020">Wesener &amp; Anilkumar 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311EBBFCF28339FC96" bold="true" box="[189,344,777,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="54AD44D6FFBBE0311EBBFCF2829BFC96" box="[189,250,777,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFBBE0311EBBFCCC80EAFCE7" blockId="5.[189,651,823,850]" box="[189,651,823,850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311EBBFCCC80E7FCE7" authority="Butler, 1872" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" box="[189,646,823,850]" class="Diplopoda" family="Sphaerotheriidae" genus="Sphaerotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neptunus">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311EBBFCCC838BFCE4" box="[189,490,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sphaerotherium neptunus</emphasis>
Butler, 1872
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.
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<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFBBE0311EBBFC8283B9FC26" blockId="5.[189,472,889,915]" box="[189,472,889,915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0E14D18FFBBE0311EBBFC8283B9FC26" bold="true" box="[189,472,889,915]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311EBBFC8283B9FC26" bold="true" box="[189,472,889,915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Other species included</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFBBE0311EBBFC5C81D6FC77" blockId="5.[189,951,935,962]" box="[189,951,935,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">66 and 11 nomina dubia (including the species described below).</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF69AAFCFFBBE0311EBBF8BB80C2F852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075826/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[189,232,1856,1882]" targetBox="[204,1382,1021,1831]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFBBE0311EBBF8BB80C2F852" blockId="5.[189,1399,1856,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311EBBF8BB836CF8EE" bold="true" box="[189,269,1856,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the COI dataset with 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates implementing the GTR+I+ G model. Colors representing newly described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311AC3F89F870FF8CB" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[1221,1390,1892,1918]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311AC3F89F870FF8CB" box="[1221,1390,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zoosphaerium</emphasis>
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: orange =
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311F2FF87383FDF814" authority="Wesener &amp; Sagorny, 2021" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Sagorny" authorityYear="2021" box="[297,412,1928,1953]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311F2FF87383FDF814" box="[297,412,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. nigrum</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2519B1DFFBBE0311FA2F8738061F817" box="[420,512,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; green =
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<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311C6FF87380ABF814" box="[617,714,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. silens</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2519B1DFFBBE0311CD7F873814FF817" box="[721,814,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; red =
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311D7DF8738646F814" authority="Wesener &amp; Sagorny, 2021" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Sagorny" authorityYear="2021" box="[891,1063,1927,1953]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambatovaky" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311D7DF8738646F814" box="[891,1063,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. ambatovaky</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2519B1DFFBBE0311A28F87386EAF817" box="[1070,1163,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; yellow =
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311B05F8738717F814" authority="Wesener &amp; Sagorny, 2021" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Sagorny" authorityYear="2021" box="[1283,1398,1927,1953]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beanka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311B05F8738717F814" box="[1283,1398,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. beanka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2519B1DFFBBE0311EBBF850837AF870" box="[189,283,1963,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; purple =
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311F96F8508040F871" authority="Wesener &amp; Sagorny, 2021" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Sagorny" authorityYear="2021" box="[400,545,1962,1988]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voahangy" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311F96F8508040F871" box="[400,545,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. voahangy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2519B1DFFBBE0311C2FF85080E7F870" box="[553,646,1963,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; blue =
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFBBE0311CE5F8508104F871" authority="Wesener &amp; Sagorny, 2021" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Sagorny" authorityYear="2021" box="[739,869,1962,1988]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoala" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFBBE0311CE5F8508104F871" box="[739,869,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. masoala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2519B1DFFBBE0311D6BF85081A9F870" box="[877,968,1963,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Round-cornered rectangles indicate well-supported sister group relationships.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30CA9FFFFB8E0321EBBFEF383BEFEE4" box="[189,479,264,338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFB8E0321EBBFEF38337FE97" blockId="6.[189,342,264,290]" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0E14D18FFB8E0321EBBFEF38337FE97" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFB8E0321EBBFEF38337FE97" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFB8E0321EBBFECC83BEFEE4" blockId="6.[189,479,311,338]" box="[189,479,311,338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F301BAE4FFB8E0321F4DFECC83BAFEE4" box="[331,475,311,337]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CA9FFFFB8E0321EBBFE828181FD9E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFB8E0321EBBFE82834EFE26" blockId="6.[189,303,377,403]" box="[189,303,377,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0E14D18FFB8E0321EBBFE82834EFE26" bold="true" box="[189,303,377,403]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFB8E0321EBBFE82834EFE26" bold="true" box="[189,303,377,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FFB8E0321EBBFE5C8181FD9E" blockId="6.[189,1400,423,555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The diverse genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FFB8E0321FA6FE5C8028FE74" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[416,585,423,449]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9622666FFB8E0321FA6FE5C8028FE74" box="[416,585,423,449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zoosphaerium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been divided into six species-groups (
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFB8E0321A45FE5C8713FE74" author="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W." box="[1091,1394,423,449]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="5 - 82" refId="ref28537" refString="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W. 2008. The giant pill-millipedes of Madagascar: revision of the genus Zoosphaerium (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida). Zoosystema 30 (1): 5 - 82." type="journal article" year="2008">Wesener &amp; Wägele 2008</bibRefCitation>
; Wesener 2009). Six additional species are currently not assignable to any group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FFB8E0321A8EFE31829EFDBD" author="Sagorny C. &amp; Wesener T." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="273 - 294" refId="ref27608" refString="Sagorny C. &amp; Wesener T. 2017. Two new giant pill-millipede species of the genus Zoosphaerium endemic to the Bemanevika area in northern Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae). Zootaxa 4263 (2): 273 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.2.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Sagorny &amp; Wesener 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Four species are only known from females and an additional 11 species are nomina dubia. A key to the species-groups has been published elsewhere (Wesener 2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>