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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.796.22517" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc0b7d13-b28b-438b-826d-9fc4d840f76e" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-796-347" ID-ZBK="6F53022DE32F4E8987E46C65E9A3C7D7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-796-347" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 796" ModsDocTitle="Review of the Neotropical genus Rhyncholepta with descriptions of three new species-group taxa (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)" checkinTime="1542332347104" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kment, Petr, Eger, Joe E. &amp; Rider 3, Jr. David A." docDate="2018" docId="CF8435604994419A990466292E01E2A5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 796: 347-395" docOrigin="ZooKeys 796" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.796.22517" docTitle="Rhyncholepta Bergroth 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="FFDFFFAB9F2AFF87FFF8FFE6FFA49E2D" masterDocTitle="Review of the Neotropical genus Rhyncholepta with descriptions of three new species-group taxa (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="395" masterPageNumber="347" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1542332347104" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="349" updateTime="1643466164501" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of the Neotropical genus Rhyncholepta with descriptions of three new species-group taxa (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kment, Petr</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Eger, Joe E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rider 3, Jr. David A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>796</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>347</mods:start>
<mods:end>395</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.796.22517</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.796.22517</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-796-347</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">6F53022DE32F4E8987E46C65E9A3C7D7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6F53022DE32F4E8987E46C65E9A3C7D7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149667329" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF8435604994419A990466292E01E2A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF8435604994419A990466292E01E2A5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="349" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
<taxonomicName authority="Bergroth, 1911" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta Bergroth, 1911</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="349" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911: 120-121 (description, differential diagnosis). Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandicallosa">Rhyncholepta grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Becker, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="41" pageNumber="388" pagination="389 - 399" title="Sobre o genero Rhyncholepta Bergroth, 1911, com a descricao de uma nova especie (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae)." volume="31" year="1971">Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971)</bibRefCitation>
: 391-393 (redescription, taxonomy, distribution);
<bibRefCitation author="Rolston, LH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="43" pageNumber="390" pagination="62 - 68" title="Two new genera and species of Pentatomini from Peru and Brazil (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)." volume="95" year="1987">Rolston (1987)</bibRefCitation>
: 64 (morphology: lack of parameres);
<bibRefCitation author="Froeschner, RC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="42" pageNumber="389" pagination="1 - 393" title="True bugs (Heteroptera) of Panama: A synoptic catalog as a contribution to the study of Panamanian biodiversity." volume="61" year="1999">Froeschner (1999)</bibRefCitation>
: 185 (checklist);
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
Torres
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
: 70-71, 84, 95: fig. 4.42, 109, 114-115, 118 (diagnosis, key to genera, distribution, record, habitus photo);
<bibRefCitation author="Greve, C" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="42" pageNumber="389" pagination="1 - 43" title="Cladistic analysis and synopsis of Chloropepla Stal (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with the description of three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-04401002" volume="44" year="2013">Greve et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
: 2, 3, 5, 12: fig. 4L, 14, 16: fig. 64 (cladistic analysis, morphology of male genitalia);
<bibRefCitation author="Cambra, RA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Nicaragueense de Entomologia" pageId="41" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 21" title="Los Pentatomidos (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) de Panama." volume="149" year="2018">Cambra et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
: 13, 17: fig. 37 (list, habitus photo);
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="349">Rider et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
: 66, 81, 110, 190: fig. 2.21 (tribal placement).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">Coloration. Dorsal surface of body (Figs 1, 3, 5-8) reddish to reddish brown with large callosities on anterolateral region of pronotum and anterolateral angles of scutellum, small callosity at apex of scutellum, and entire connexiva yellowish (in living specimens phosphorous greenish yellow); impunctate spot on corium appears more or less yellowish red according to specimen. Dorso- and ventrolateral margins of mandibular plates each with a narrow black stripe, head along inner margin of compound eyes with fine black line in some specimens. Scutellum ante-apically with black V-shaped spot which may be reduced to a small black dot on each side of the apex (Figs 14-25). Antennae and legs yellowish (sometimes slightly reddish), apices of basi- and distiflagellum sometimes contrastingly red or brownish. Hypocostal lamina of hemelytron and ventral surface of the body yellowish (Figure 2). Apex of rostrum and tarsal claws distally black. Membrane colorless, hyaline, and translucent. Abdominal terga reddish yellow.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
Figures 1-4. Habitus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rhyncholepta grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911. 1 candidate neotype, ♂, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 2 ♀, ventral view, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 3 lectotype, ♀, French Guiana 4 labels of the lectotype. (photographs 1, 2 - P. Kment; 3, 4 - A. Albrecht)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
Figures 5-8. Habitus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
species. 5
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n., paratype, ♂, Panama, Pipeline Road 6
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, ♂, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 7
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, ♂, Ecuador, Arajuno env. 8
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="2" pageNumber="349" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, ♂, Guyana. (photographs P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="349">Structure. Body elongate, deltoid, widest across humeral angles and narrowing anteriad and posteriad (Figs 1-2, 5-7). Dorsal surface of body slightly convex, venter strongly convex. Body length 11.22-14.00 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="2" pageNumber="349">
Head (Figs 9-11) roughly triangular, approximately as long as wide across eyes (ca. 1.1: 1.0), compound eyes large, exceeding head outline laterally by about half their
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="350" start="start">width</pageBreakToken>
, dorsal surface of head flat. Mandibular plates continually narrowing from eyes toward apices, lateral margins slightly concave at midlength and slightly convex in anterior half, surpassing clypeus by about basal width of clypeus but not meeting each other, leaving narrow, V-shaped notch in front of clypeus (Figure 9; width of notch varies intraspecifically). Clypeus sharply narrowing in anterior half, apically free but slightly depressed compared to mandibular plates. Ocelli large, posteromedial to compound eyes, distance between ocellus and adjacent compound eye about diameter of ocellus, distance between ocelli about three diameters (Figure 9). Antenniferous tubercles (Figs 9-11) short, completely visible in dorsal view, without spine or tubercle laterally. Antennae long, surpassing apex of scutellum when folded backwards (Figure 5), pentamerous, scape (I) short, reaching ca. apex of head, cylindrical, stout (about twice diameter of basipedicellite), remaining antennomeres slender, narrowly cylindrical, basipedicellite (IIa) longer than scape but about half the length of distipedicellite (IIb), basiflagellum (III) and distiflagellum (IV), all nearly same length (for exact lengths see Table 1). Joint between basipedicellite and distipedicellite inconspicuous, more or less fused (Figs 12-13). Bucculae (Figs 10-11) short, low, anteriorly rectangular without spine or produced into a short acutangulate spine (varies intraspecifically), posteriorly reaching about anterior margin of eye, evanescent (Figure 11). Apex of rostral segment I slightly surpassing bucculae (Figs 10-11), apex of rostrum reaching anterior margin of metacoxae (Figure 2); length ratio of rostral segments: II&gt; I = III&gt; IV, II about twice length of segment IV.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
Table 1. Measurements of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
species-group taxa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<table pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="2">
Measurement (mm): median,
<normalizedToken originalValue="minimum–maximum">minimum-maximum</normalizedToken>
, n of specimens
</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa subsp. grandicallosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rhyncholepta grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa subsp. centroamericana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rhyncholepta grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta henryi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henryi">Rhyncholepta henryi</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta meinanderi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rhyncholepta meinanderi</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rhyncholepta wheeleri</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">male</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">female</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">male</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">female</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">male</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">female</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">male</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">female</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">male</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">11.75-13.30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">11.25-12.53</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">11.22-13.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">11.29-14.00</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">11.44-12.88</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">11.70-12.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">12.50-13.90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">12.20-13.74</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.50-12.30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.25-11.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.01-11.68</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.61-12.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.00-11.24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.90-11.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.70-11.90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">10.70-11.40</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.22-2.50</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.30-2.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.24-2.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.27-2.76</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.34-2.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.35-2.64</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.20-2.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.35-2.76</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.21-2.37</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.25-2.40</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.12-2.42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.21-2.53</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.27-2.49</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.30-2.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.25-2.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.25-2.42</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.95-1.16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.00-1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.04-1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.03-1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.01-1.19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.00-1.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.00-1.14</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.00-1.17</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.35-2.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.30-2.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.28-2.71</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.36-2.84</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.26-2.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.10-2.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.51-2.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.40-2.70</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">7.93-8.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">7.75-8.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">6.85-8.24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">7.03-8.68</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">7.53-8.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">7.55-8.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">8.40-9.85</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">7.85-8.85</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">4.25-4.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">4.10-4.42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.97-4.69</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">4.08-4.85</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">4.04-4.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">4.05-4.34</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">4.55-5.01</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">4.30-4.70</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.53-3.91</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.40-3.93</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.39-3.90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.44-4.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.10-3.69</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.60-3.76</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.80-4.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.50-4.00</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.69-0.87</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.67-0.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.56-0.84</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.64-0.84</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.66-0.86</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.63-0.85</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.70-0.90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">0.66-0.89</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="3">IIa</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.12-1.38</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.14-1.36</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.16-1.43</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.21-1.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.08-1.48</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.10-1.25</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.18-1.50</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.15-1.46</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="3">IIb</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.38-2.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.10-2.40</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.05-2.73</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.95-2.78</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.40-2.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.30-2.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.60-3.00</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.30-2.82</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="3">III</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.96-3.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.05-3.35</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.60-3.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.68-3.43</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.20-3.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.12-3.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.40-3.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">3.25-3.60</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="3">IV</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.72-2.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.60-2.71</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">1.89-2.78</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.33-2.77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.67-2.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.72-3.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.90-3.20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rowspan="1">2.80-3.15</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
Figures 9-13. Morphology of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
species. 9, 11-12
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, ♂, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 10, 13
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n., paratype, ♂, Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado. 9 head, dorsal view (magnification 37
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) 10 head, ventral view (37
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
); 11 head, lateral view (50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) 12-13 joint between basipedicellite and distipedicellite (12 lateral view, 300
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
; 13 ventral view, 300
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
). Abbreviations: bu buccula, IIa basipedicellite, IIb distipedicellite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (9-11); 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(12-13). (micrographs P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="350">Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 1, 3, 5-8) trapezoid with prominent humeral angles, each bearing a stout, sharp spine directed laterad. Anterior pronotal margin concave to receive postocular portion of head (Figure 9); each anterolateral angle nearly rectangular, apically with small rounded tubercle (Figs 9, 11); anterolateral margins straight, slightly crenulate (Figure 11), without emargination or carina; posterolateral margins shallowly sinuate; posterolateral angles obtusangulate; posterior margin straight. Pronotal surface simply convex, anterior to humeral angles, sloping toward head.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="350">Scutellum (Figs 1, 3, 5-8) longer than wide, triangular, apically acutangulate, surface convex in frenal portion (appearing slightly gibbose near anterolateral callosities), postfrenal portion flat, apex with more or less prominent V-shaped callosity (Figs 14-25).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
Figures 14-25. Apex of scutellum of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
species. 14-18
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911: 14 - ♀, lectotype, French Guiana 15 ♂, candidate neotype, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 16 ♂, French Guiana, Camp Voltaire 17-18 French Guiana, Camp Caimans (17 ♀, 18 ♂). 19-22
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.: 19 ♀, Panama, Barra del Colorado 20 ♀, Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado 21 ♂, Panama, Pipeline Road 22 Guatemala, Firmeza. 23
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, ♂, French Guiana, Camp Caimans. 24
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, ♂, Ecuador, Arajuno env. 25
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="3" pageNumber="350" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, ♂, Guyana. (photographs 14 A. Albrecht; 15- 21, 23-25 P. Kment; 22 J.E. Eger)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="350">Clavus narrow, anteriorly with maximally 5 rows of punctures, narrowing towards frena (Figs 1, 5, 7). Lateral margins of corium narrowing posteriad. Anterodistal angle of each corium (appearing posterolateral in resting position!) sharply acutangulate, far surpassing apex of scutellum, reaching middle of connexival segment VII (Figs 5-6); posterodistal angle rounded, distal (membranal) margin concave (Figs 5, 7). Membrane surpassing apex of abdomen (about one third of its length), with numerous longitudinal, parallel veins branching from basal transverse vein (Figure 7).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="3" pageNumber="350">
Mesosternum with low median carina, most prominent anteriorly; metasternum hexagonal, flat. Each ostiole between meso- and metacetabulum, small, oval (Figure 26), opening posterolaterad (invisible in ventral view); periostiolar depression small (Figure 27). Peritreme in form of short groove, slightly curved anterolaterad, apically
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="351" start="start">rounded</pageBreakToken>
and elevated above surrounding pleuron (Figs 26, 27). Metapleural evaporatoria large, each occupying nearly inner two thirds of metapleuron, laterally emarginated by low sinuate carina (Figure 26); mesopleural evaporatoria small, each limited to posterior margin (narrowly reaching posterolateral angle of mesopleuron) and not well delimited (Figure 26).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
Figures 26-29. Morphology of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
species. 26-28
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.: ♂, Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado: 26 external scent efferent system of metathoracic scent gland (magnification 55
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) 27 peritreme and ostiole (200
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) 28 protarsus, ventral view (70
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) 29
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, ♂, French Guiana, Camp Caimans, metatarsus, lateral view (70
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (26, 28-29); 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(27). (micrographs: P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="351">Femora slender, cylindrical (Figure 2), with short, stout spine dorsoapically (Figs 1, 2, 5-7), ventral surface unarmed. Tibiae slender, rounded, only slightly flattened dorsoapically, without spines or impressed lines on outer surfaces. Length of tarsal segments I&gt; III&gt; II, I about as long as II and III combined (Figure 29).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
Abdomen with ventral surface regularly convex, without median keel or groove (Figure 2). Abdominal segment III anteromedially with low, broadly rounded protuberance not reaching between metacoxae (Figure 2). Abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
with anterior margins convex and posterior margins concave medially, more pronounced posteriad; segment VII anteriorly distinctly produced forwards, longer medially than preceding segments (Figure 2). Spiracles concolorous with surrounding abdominal surface, each not surrounded by a callosity. Trichobothria 2 + 2 on each abdominal segment, arranged immediately behind stigma, one on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="351">Lateral margins of connexivum exposed in dorsal view (Figs 1, 5-7). Posterolateral angles of connexival segment III rectangular, not produced, posterolateral angles of following segments more prominent, becoming acutangulate on segment VI; posterolateral angles of segment VII acutangulate, distinctly produced posteriad and surpassing posterior margins of genital segments in male (Figure 1) and female (Figs 2, 90-93).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
Male genitalia. Genital capsule (Figs 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40) relatively large, as long as or slightly shorter than wide; width of genital capsule 2.2-2.5 mm. Dorsal wall (Figs 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66-71) rather short, gibbose, simple. Ventral wall (e.g. Figs 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 66-71) produced posteriad with large depression anteapically. Posterolateral angles of genital capsule each with thin wall, opened dorsally and rounded posteriorly (e.g. Figs 54, 56, 60), space between posterolateral angles filled by ventral rim. Ventral rim expanded dorsally and anteriorly forming complicated hypandrium (of species-specific shape) (e.g. Figs 42, 48, 54, 60, 66), wider than long, symmetrical along median axis and bearing three short-to-long, narrow-to-large projections (posterior, lateral, and anterior) on each side (e.g. Figs 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 72-77). Proctiger simple. Parameres lacking. Phallus (Figs 78-89) (description follows
<bibRefCitation author="Becker, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="41" pageNumber="388" pagination="389 - 399" title="Sobre o genero Rhyncholepta Bergroth, 1911, com a descricao de uma nova especie (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae)." volume="31" year="1971">Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971</bibRefCitation>
: figs 6-11; with original terminology in parentheses): strongly sclerotized basal plates of articulatory apparatus joined by ponticulus basilaris ventrally, with degree of sclerotization equal to that of basal plates; dorsal connectives almost as wide as lateral areas of basal plates; capitate process (= processus capitatus) well developed; phallotheca cylindrical, with pair of small dorsal processes at base; endophallic (= ejaculatory) reservoir voluminous; aedeagus (= vesica) more or less sinuous, contained within conjunctiva, with apical opening through which phallotreme (= secondary gonopore) emerges (Figs 79, 82, 85, 88).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
Figures 30-35. Genital capsule (30, 32, 34 magnification 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) and detail of hypandrium (31, 33, 35 80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) in ventral view. 30-31
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 32-35
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.: 32-33 Panama, Pipeline Road 34-35 Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado. Scale bars: 1 mm (30, 32, 34); 0.5 mm (31, 33, 35). (micrographs: P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
Figures 36-41. Genital capsule (36, 38, 40 magnification 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) and detail of hypandrium (37, 39, 41 80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) in ventral view. 36-37
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 38-39
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, Ecuador, Yasui NP 40-41
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="4" pageNumber="351" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, Guyana. Scale bars: 1 mm (36, 38, 40); 0.5 mm (37, 39, 41). (micrographs P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="4" pageNumber="351">
Female genitalia (description follows
<bibRefCitation author="Becker, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="41" pageNumber="388" pagination="389 - 399" title="Sobre o genero Rhyncholepta Bergroth, 1911, com a descricao de uma nova especie (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae)." volume="31" year="1971">Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971</bibRefCitation>
: figs 12-17; original terminology in parentheses): External female genitalia (Figs 90-93) with posterior
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="352" start="start">margins</pageBreakToken>
of laterotergites VIII and IX acutangulate; posterior margins of valvifers (= gonocoxae) VIII straight; valvulae (= gonapophyses) VIII fused medially, forming triangulum; valvifers (= gonocoxites) IX fused along median line forming partially covered plate-like sclerite (= pseudosternite); valvulae IX fused medially, forming single piece as wide as valvifers IX. Internal female genitalia (
<bibRefCitation author="Becker, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="41" pageNumber="388" pagination="389 - 399" title="Sobre o genero Rhyncholepta Bergroth, 1911, com a descricao de uma nova especie (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae)." volume="31" year="1971">Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971</bibRefCitation>
: figs 14-17): Dorsal wall of gynatrium (= pars communis) showing a thickening of vaginal intima around spermathecal opening (= orifice receptaculi). Spermatheca (= receptaculum seminis): Proximal duct (= ductus receptaculi anterior) much longer and thinner than distal duct (= ductus receptaculi posterior), distal duct widening towards proximal flange; spermathecal dilation well developed; intermediate part of spermatheca with proximal flange narrower than distal flange, apical receptacle (= capsula seminalis) subglobular with three hook-shaped projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">Vestiture. Body appearing bare, but pro-, meso- and metapleura with very short adpressed pale setae (invisible in greasy specimens). Antennae and legs with short semi-erect pale setae, at least slightly shorter than diameter of particular antennomere or tibia. Abdomen ventrally along midline and external female genitalia with sparse long, erect, pale setae. Genital capsule with short, erect, pale hairs around anteapical depression on ventral wall (Figs 32, 39, 44, 67), along margins of genital aperture (Figs 55, 63), on posterloateral angles (Figs 32, 52) and on hypandrium (Figs 43, 55, 73, 77). Apical surface of head (except small area medially of compound eyes) (Figure 9), pronotum (except large anterolateral callosities, cicatrices and humeral spines), clavus, and corium (except round spot on corial disc at level of postfrenal portion of scutellum) (Figs 1, 5, 7) regularly covered with black punctures, only punctures near posterolateral angle of each corium distinctly smaller and sometimes concolorous. Disc of scutellum (except pair of anterolateral and one apical callosity) with large, reddish to concolorous punctures (those near V-shaped line sometimes black). Connexivum and legs with very small concolorous punctures. Callosities of pronotum and scutellum (Figure 1) smooth, lustrous. Pro-, meso- and metapleura with sparse concolorous punctures, best visible laterally on propleuron (punctures near humeral angles sometimes black) and laterally and posteriorly on metapleuron. Ventral surface of head, sterna, abdomen ventrally, genital capsule, and female external genitalia smooth.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 42-47. Genital capsule (42, 44, 46 magnification 45
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) and detail of hypandrium (43, 45 80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
, 47 90
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) in posterior (caudal) view. 42-43
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 44-47
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.: 44-45 Panama, Pipeline Road; 46-47 Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado. Abbreviations: ap anterior hypandrial projection, lpb base of lateral hypandrial projection, pp posterior hypandrial projection. Scale bars: 1 mm (42, 44, 46); 0.5 mm (43, 45, 47). (micrographs: P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 48-53. Genital capsule (48, 50, 52 magnification 45
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) and detail of hypandrium (49, 51, 53 80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) in posterior (caudal) view. 48-49
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 50-51
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, Ecuador, Yasui NP 52-53
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, Guyana. Abbreviations: ap anterior hypandrial projection, lp lateral hypandrial projection, pp posterior hypandrial projection. Scale bars: 1 mm (48, 50, 52); 0.5 mm (49, 51, 53). (micrographs: P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 54-59. Genital capsule (54, 56, 58 magnification 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) and detail of hypandrium (55, 57, 59 80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) in dorsal view. 54-55
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 56-59
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.: 56-57 Panama, Pipeline Road 58-59 Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado. Abbreviations: ap anterior hypandrial projection, lp lateral hypandrial projection. Scale bars: 1 mm (54, 56, 58); 0.5 mm (55, 57, 59). (micrographs: P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 60-65. Genital capsule (69, 62, 64 magnification 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) and detail of hypandrium (61, 63, 65 70
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) in dorsal view. 60-61
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 62-63
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, Ecuador, Yasui NP 64-65
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, Guyana. Abbreviations: a angle between posterior and lateral hypandrial projection, ap anterior hypandrial projection, lp lateral hypandrial projection, ppb base of posterior hypandrial projection. Scale bars: 1 mm (60, 62, 64); 0.5 mm (61, 63, 65). (micrographs: P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 66-71. Genital capsule and hypandrium in lateral view (magnification 35
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
). 66
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 67-68
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.: 67 Panama, Pipeline Road 68 Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado 69
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 70
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, Ecuador, Yasui NP 71
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, Guyana. Scale bars: 1 mm. (micrographs P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 72-77. Hypandrial processes in dorso-posterolateral (most exposed) view (magnification 110
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
). 72
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 73-74
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.: 73 Panama, Pipeline Road 74 Costa Rica, Rancho Quemado 75
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, French Guiana, Camp Caimans 76
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, Ecuador, Yasui NP 77
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, Guyana. Abbreviations: a angle between posterior and lateral hypandrial projection, ap anterior hypandrial projection, lp lateral hypandrial projection, pp posterior hypandrial projection. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. (micrographs: P. Kment)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 78-83. Phallus in dorsal (78, 81), lateral (79, 82) and ventral (80, 83) view. 78-80
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, French Guiana, Amazone Nature Lodge; 81-83
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n., Panama, Punta Eseoses. Not to scale. Abbreviations: ae aedeagus (= vesica), cjs conjunctiva sclerites. (photographs: J.E. Eger)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 84-89. Phallus in dorsal (84, 87), lateral (85, 88) and ventral (86, 89) view. 84-86
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., French Guiana, 33 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd. 87-89
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971, Brazil, near Fzda. Rancho Grande. Not to scale. Abbreviations: ae aedeagus (= vesica), cjs conjunctiva sclerites. (photographs: J.E. Eger)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
Figures 90-93. Female external genitalia in ventro-posterior view. 90
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911 91
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n. 92
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 93
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971. Not to scale. Abbreviations: lt8-9 laterotergites VIII and IX, vf8-9 valvifers VIII and IX, x segment X. (photographs: J.E. Eger)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">Measurements. See Table 1. The five species-group taxa we recognize more or less overlap in all measurements that were taken.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="352">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="5" pageNumber="352">
<bibRefCitation author="Greve, C" journalOrPublisher="Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre" pageId="42" pageNumber="389" title="Filogenia do grupo Chlorocoris baseada em morfologia e evidencia total, descricao de cinco novas especies e sinopse de Chloropepla Stal, incluindo analise cladistica e biogeografica (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Unpublished PhD Thesis." year="2010">Greve (2010)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="352">Rider et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
characterized members of the tribe
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="352" rank="tribe" tribe="Chlorocorini">Chlorocorini</taxonomicName>
as being medium to large in size, green (fading to yellow after death), and somewhat depressed. They also noted that the head is usually flat dorsally, subtriangular with the apices of the mandibular plates often acute or spinosely produced. The antennae are pentamerous. The anterolateral margins of the pronotum typically are each provided with a row of small to large denticles, and the humeral angles are often prominently spined. The metathoracic scent gland peritremes are usually spout-shaped, relatively short, and do not extend beyond the middle of the metapleuron; the associated evaporatoria typically are large and extensive. The mesosternum is provided with a medial longitudinal carina that does not project forward onto the
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="353" start="start">prosternum</pageBreakToken>
. In most included genera, the apex of each femur is provided with a short, dorsal tooth; the tarsi are three-segmented. In all but one included genus, the base of the abdomen is unarmed; that is, lacks a forward-projecting spine or tubercle.
<bibRefCitation author="Greve, C" journalOrPublisher="Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre" pageId="42" pageNumber="389" title="Filogenia do grupo Chlorocoris baseada em morfologia e evidencia total, descricao de cinco novas especies e sinopse de Chloropepla Stal, incluindo analise cladistica e biogeografica (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Unpublished PhD Thesis." year="2010">Greve (2010)</bibRefCitation>
also noted that in most genera, the ventral rim of the pygophore is produced into a process, the so-called hypandrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
The genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
fits the above criteria except that the head, although relatively flat dorsally and subtriangular, does not have the apices of the mandibular plates acute or spinose, but are narrowly rounded (Figure 9); they typically are reddish brown with pale yellowish green areas in life; the pale areas fade after death.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Rider et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
included the following genera in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" rank="tribe" tribe="Chlorocorini">Chlorocorini</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arvelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arvelius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arvelius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chlorocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocoris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chlorocoris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chloropepla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chloropepla" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chloropepla</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Eludocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eludocoris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eludocoris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Fecelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Fecelia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fecelia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Loxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loxa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Mayrinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mayrinia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mayrinia</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the above genera by the dorsal coloration (e.g., Figs 1, 3, 5-8). Coloration is consistent among species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
: reddish brown, with a large, impunctate pale spot on each basal angle of the scutellum and another pale, impunctate area along each anterolateral margin of the pronotum. This color pattern is not seen in any other chlorocorine species. A few species in other genera may have small pale spots or areas but these are usually confined to the hemelytra.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arvelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arvelius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arvelius</taxonomicName>
by the unarmed abdominal base (spined in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arvelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arvelius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arvelius</taxonomicName>
) and the less developed mesosternal carinae (much more elevated in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arvelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arvelius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arvelius</taxonomicName>
). The apices of the mandibular plates are acute to spinose (with lateral margins of the mandibular plates relatively straight) in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arvelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arvelius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arvelius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chlorocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocoris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chlorocoris</taxonomicName>
(except the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subgenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta (Monochrocerus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monochrocerus">subgenus Monochrocerus</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chloropepla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chloropepla" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chloropepla</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Fecelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Fecelia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fecelia</taxonomicName>
[acute only in
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. minor" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" rank="species" species="minor">F. minor</taxonomicName>
(Vollenhoven, 1868)],
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Loxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loxa</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Mayrinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mayrinia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mayrinia</taxonomicName>
. The apices of mandibular plates are narrowly rounded only in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chlorocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subgenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocoris (Monochrocerus)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monochrocerus">Chlorocoris subgenus Monochrocerus</taxonomicName>
; they are broadly rounded in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Eludocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eludocoris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eludocoris</taxonomicName>
(the head is broad apically, not subtriangular). Both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chloropepla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chloropepla" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chloropepla</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Eludocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eludocoris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eludocoris</taxonomicName>
have elongate, apically acuminate metathoracic scent gland peritremes that separate those genera from all other chlorocorine genera, including
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chlorocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocoris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chlorocoris</taxonomicName>
and some species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Chloropepla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chloropepla" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chloropepla</taxonomicName>
lack the apical tooth on each femur that is present in all other chlorocorine genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
Males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
lack parameres in the genitalia. Besides
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
, this condition is also known in four South American genera,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Luridocimex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luridocimex" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Luridocimex</taxonomicName>
Grazia, Fernandes &amp; Schwertner, 1998,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Stysiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stysiana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stysiana</taxonomicName>
Grazia, Fernandes &amp; Schwertner, 1999 (both
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" rank="tribe" tribe="Carpocorini">Carpocorini</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Patanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patanius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Patanius</taxonomicName>
Rolston, 1987 (unplaced in a tribe), and one still undescribed genus. None of these genera possess the characters found in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" rank="tribe" tribe="Chlorocorini">Chlorocorini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Rolston, LH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="43" pageNumber="390" pagination="62 - 68" title="Two new genera and species of Pentatomini from Peru and Brazil (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)." volume="95" year="1987">Rolston 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Grazia et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="353">1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Rider et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="353" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
The generic name is composed of the Ancient Greek words
<normalizedToken originalValue="ρύγχος">ρύγxος</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="rhýnchos">rhynchos</normalizedToken>
, = snout, muzzle, beak) and
<normalizedToken originalValue="λεπτός">λεπτός</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="leptós">leptos</normalizedToken>
, = thin), referring to the slender rostrum of the species. The gender is feminine, as it is evident from its ending -a and original combination with the adjective grandicallosus (-a, -um) given by
<bibRefCitation author="Bergroth, E" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="41" pageNumber="388" pagination="117 - 130" title="Zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Arminen (Hem. Het.)." volume="30" year="1911">Bergroth (1911)</bibRefCitation>
in its feminine form grandicallosa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" type="bionomics">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
Based on label data and Joe
<normalizedToken originalValue="Eger’s">Eger's</normalizedToken>
and Roland
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lupoli’s">Lupoli's</normalizedToken>
field experience, most of the specimens were collected by various types of light traps (UV, mercury vapor, metal halide, black, GemLight and Polyvie). GemLight and Polyvie traps are
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="354" start="start">automatic</pageBreakToken>
light traps with visible light from LED, blue, pink, white or green; SEAG (=
<normalizedToken originalValue="Société">Societe</normalizedToken>
Entomologique Antilles-Guyane) is performing year-round surveys of insects in French Guiana using those traps (R Lupoli, pers. comm.). Almost all of the traps were exposed to fairly dense forest or adjacent to such a forest, except in Macouria, where one specimen was collected in the littoral secondary forest and one in the savanna. They have never been seen when collecting by hand catching, sweeping, or beating the vegetation during the day or night by JE Eger (pers. observ.) or R Lupoli (pers. comm.). One specimen was collected by flight intercept trap at Matiti, French Guiana, but there were no specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
collected by glass interception traps operated by the SEAG during 3-4 years (R Lupoli, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
Collecting dates of the specimens examined indicate that species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
are found year round, although distinct peaks might occur (Figs 94-98, especially in the case of
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
Figures 94-97. Annual distribution of collected
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
specimens. 94
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911 (899 specimens with dates analysed) 95
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n. (121 specimens) 96
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (43 specimens) 97
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971 (22 specimens).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
(Figs 98-100). The genus currently includes four species, one of them subdivided into two subspecies, distributed in the Neotropical Region from southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Bolivia and northwestern Brazil (Amazonas,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
Figures 98-100. Distribution maps of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
species-group taxa. 98 Central America 99 South America 100 French Guiana. Color symbols:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rhyncholepta grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911 (orange circles),
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n. (red circles),
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (blue circles), syntopic occurrence of
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. g." pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="subSpecies" species="g." subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. g. grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
(purple circles),
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971 (green circles),
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (black circle). Record of
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
from Colombia with uncertain subspecies identity is marked by &quot;?&quot;.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="species composition and delimitation">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Species composition and delimitation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
Our examination of 1125 specimens revealed five more or less distinct morphotypes based almost exclusively on structure of the male genital capsule and especially the hypandrium (expanded portion of ventral rim). The five morphotypes may be grouped by morphological similarity as ((
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">grandicallosa grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta henryi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henryi">henryi</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta meinanderi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meinanderi">meinanderi</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">wheeleri</taxonomicName>
))).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta grandicallosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandicallosa">Rhyncholepta grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
differs from all three species of the
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
species-group by the following main characters: i) Genital capsule in ventral view with ventral rim apically bilobed, with small, shallow, V-shaped notch medially, hypandrial projections not visible in this view (Figs 30-35). ii) Anterior hypandrial projections large, lobe-like, apically rounded (Figs 42-47: ap, 72-74: ap). iii) Lateral hypandrial projections long, directed anteriad and golf-club shaped (Figs 54-59: lp). iv) Posterior hypandrial projections short, spinose, situated more laterally, directed ventrally (Figs 42-47: pp), not visible in ventral and dorsal views (Figs 30-35, 54-59). v) Phallus with aedeagus strongly S-shaped apically (Figure 82: ae). Within the morphotype of
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
, the variability in shape of the anterior and lateral hypandrial projections enables two subtle, but stable, subtypes to be recognized. Differences between these subtypes are smaller than those between any two morphotypes/species of the
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
species-group, and both of the subtypes represent strictly allopatric populations. We, therefore, decided to classify them as subspecies:
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. g." pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="subSpecies" species="g." subSpecies="grandicallosa">Rh. g. grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
in South America and
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. g." pageId="7" pageNumber="354" rank="subSpecies" species="g." subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. g. centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n. in Central America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
The three remaining morphotypes form a distinct group characterized by the following shared characters: i) Genital capsule in ventral view with ventral rim apically convex, truncate or concave but never bilobed; posterior hypandrial projections visible in this view (Figs 36-41). ii) Anterior hypandrial projections triangularly narrowing, spinose at apex in dorsal (Figs 48-53: ap) and dorso-posterolateral (most exposed)
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="355" start="start">view</pageBreakToken>
(Figs 75-77: ap). iii) Lateral hypandrial projections short, directed laterad, not golf-club shaped (Figs 60-65: lp). iv) Posterior hypandrial projections longer, spinose or widely rounded apically, situated more ventrally, directed ventrally or laterally (Figs 42-47: pp), visible in ventral and dorsal views (Figs 30-35, 54-59). v) Phallus with aedeagus only slightly sinuate apically (Figs 79: ae, 82: ae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
These morphotypes represent three related species that form the
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
species-group defined by the characters mentioned above.
<taxonomicName genus="Ryncholepta" lsidName="Ryncholepta henryi" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="henryi">Ryncholepta henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. differs from
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by its different shape and position of the posterior hypandrial projection (narrowly rounded apically, directed laterally; Figs 37, 49, 61, 75: pp), and by the prominent posterolateral angles of the genital capsule (a character shared with
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta meinanderi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rhyncholepta meinanderi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. share the short spinous, ventrally directed posterior hypandrial projection (Figs 39, 41, 51, 53, 63, 65, 76-77: pp) and obtusangulate angles of the genital capsule. Both species differ in the shape of the three hypandrial projections (see key below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
Although we cannot confirm that the morphological differences between morphotypes reflect their phylogenetic relationships, the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
might be an interesting model group for phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses.
</paragraph>
<subSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" type="key to the males of rhyncholepta">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
Key to the males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
<table lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">
30
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3542–4772–7454–">-3542-4772-7454-</normalizedToken>
5982
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="grandicallosa">Rh. grandicallosa</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911, 2
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">
36
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4148–5375–7760–">-4148-5375-7760-</normalizedToken>
657982
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
species-group, 3
</td>
</tr>
<tr lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">4243555455545555</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="grandicallosa">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="356" start="start">Rh</pageBreakToken>
. grandicallosa grandicallosa
</taxonomicName>
Bergroth, 1911
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">444573745759</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. grandicallosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rank="subSpecies" species="grandicallosa" subSpecies="centroamericana">Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana</taxonomicName>
subsp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">
366036
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3736–">-3736-</normalizedToken>
37757575
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. henryi" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rank="species" species="henryi">Rh. henryi</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">
3840626438
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3940–41394150–">-3940-41394150-</normalizedToken>
537677
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">38-395051767662636263</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. meinanderi" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rank="species" species="meinanderi">Rh. meinanderi</taxonomicName>
Becker &amp; Grazia-Vieira, 1971
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">40-4152537777646565</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Rh." lsidName="Rh. wheeleri" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rh. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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