181 lines
20 KiB
XML
181 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="F7569423B9B4483CE3E72CE633119AA5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174214" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d60015d8-22d0-4733-9192-91d2d061f007" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174214" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459791853503" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gonçalves, Rodrigo B. & Melo, Gabriel A. R." docDate="2006" docId="276B87DEB715E37AFEF7FD6B77B1F9CB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01331p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1331" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Thectochlora Moure" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="DB52FFA6B711E37EFFFFFFC7735FFFB2" masterDocTitle="Revision of the bee genus Thectochlora Moure (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Halictinae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698219355518" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2EB0AE94796ACBFC827D6CF6B20F5DEA">
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<mods:title id="47DFBCEBA41A8C7A3CF93151100934D4">Revision of the bee genus Thectochlora Moure (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Halictinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB817E1A8F39F930C7AD4E9B152C4818">Gonçalves, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79CC1DA327133D62665C9F01D2336700">Melo, Gabriel A. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3774BD2D2F0B45478F30773A91760F0E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8558C4760C97C2DE6899468AACE69139">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9D0253E82577190F4CFEA8EC74665B6F">
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<mods:date id="C461A14F6AF70B7BE9E4E7C5F1743537">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A88C50795B1770198BE8C6B3E899FFC9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="956B92BF3412386868D1F93CBB7B5E65">1331</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C3753AC9BA8E7D15E361D8E391860B8E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174214</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DE0BBA14A1AC06EAAB8CAC73EC8F7A62" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C231F6F93CE6C7F56B7BF76A64F7310C" type="Zenodo-Dep">174214</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="276B87DEB715E37AFEF7FD6B77B1F9CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5673215" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119350625" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5673215" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:276B87DEB715E37AFEF7FD6B77B1F9CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/276B87DEB715E37AFEF7FD6B77B1F9CB" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="E7D86543B715E37AFEF7FD6B715AFD74" box="[264,517,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF7D36C8B715E37AFEF7FD6B715AFD74" blockId="4.[264,517,684,710]" box="[264,517,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="F43581A4B715E37AFEF7FD6B715AFD74" bold="true" box="[264,517,684,710]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFEF7FD6B715AFD74" ID-CoL="7VHF" authority="Moure" authorityName="Moure" box="[264,517,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Thectochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFEF7FD6B715AFD74" bold="true" box="[264,517,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFEF7FD6B72F6FD74" bold="true" box="[264,425,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thectochlora</emphasis>
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Moure
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7D86543B715E37AFEF7FD3077BAFCBF" box="[264,1253,758,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AF7D36C8B715E37AFEF7FD3077BAFCBF" blockId="4.[264,1253,758,782]" box="[264,1253,758,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFEF7FD30717BFCBF" ID-CoL="7VHF" authority="Moure 1940" authorityName="Moure" authorityYear="1940" box="[264,548,758,782]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Thectochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFEF7FD3072C9FCBC" box="[264,406,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thectochlora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFE62FD31717BFCBF" author="Moure" box="[413,548,758,781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Moure, J. S. (1940) Apoidea neotropica. Revista do Museu Paulista, 2, 39 - 64." type="journal article" year="1940">Moure 1940</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="7079886AB715E37AFDD2FD31713DFCBF" box="[557,610,758,781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFD3BFD3070A7FCBF" authority="Vachal, 1904" authorityName="Vachal" authorityYear="1904" box="[708,1016,758,782]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaris">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFD3BFD30703CFCBC" box="[708,867,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Halictus alaris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFC95FD3170A7FCBF" author="Vachal" box="[874,1016,758,781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Vachal, J. (1904) Etude sur les Halictus d'Amerique. Miscellanea Entomologica, 12, 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="1904">Vachal, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7D86543B715E37AFEF7FCF877ACFA8B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="AF7D36C8B715E37AFEF7FCF872DCFCEA" blockId="4.[264,1323,831,1337]" box="[264,387,831,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFEF7FCF872DCFCEA" box="[264,387,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF7D36C8B715E37AFEC7FCA071F7FB73" blockId="4.[264,1323,831,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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In the three phylogenetic studies of the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFCADFCA070B1FC33" box="[850,1006,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Augochlorini">Augochlorini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFC00FCA077ECFC33" author="Eickwort" box="[1023,1203,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Eickwort, G. C. (1969) A comparative morphological study and generic revision of the augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 48, 325 - 524." type="journal article" year="1969">Eickwort 1969</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFB3EFCA07284FC1B" author="Danforth" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Danforth, B. N. & Eickwort, G. C. (1997) The evolution of social behavior in the augochlorine sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) based on a phylogenetic analysis of the genera. In Choe, J. C. & Crespi, B. J. (Eds). Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Cambridge University Press, 270 - 292." type="book chapter" year="1997">Danforth & Eickwort 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFE14FC487127FC1B" author="Engel" box="[491,632,911,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Engel, M. S. (2000) Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural history, 250, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="2000">Engel 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), the relationships of
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFC80FC487743FC1A" box="[895,1052,911,936]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Thectochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFC80FC487743FC1A" box="[895,1052,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thectochlora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are not consensual. A close relationship of the genus with
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFD49FC707032FC62" box="[694,877,951,976]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFD49FC707032FC62" box="[694,877,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Augochloropsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFC57FC707679FC63" authority="Eickwort 1969" authorityName="Eickwort" authorityYear="1969" box="[936,1318,951,977]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFC57FC707706FC62" box="[936,1113,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Augochlorodes</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFB96FC707641FC63" author="Eickwort" box="[1129,1310,951,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Eickwort, G. C. (1969) A comparative morphological study and generic revision of the augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 48, 325 - 524." type="journal article" year="1969">Eickwort 1969</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a basal and isolated position in the tribe (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFD0AFC187765FC4B" author="Danforth" box="[757,1082,991,1017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Danforth, B. N. & Eickwort, G. C. (1997) The evolution of social behavior in the augochlorine sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) based on a phylogenetic analysis of the genera. In Choe, J. C. & Crespi, B. J. (Eds). Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Cambridge University Press, 270 - 292." type="book chapter" year="1997">Danforth & Eickwort 1997</bibRefCitation>
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) or a grouping with
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFEF7FBC072D8FB92" box="[264,391,1031,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Megalopta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFEF7FBC072D8FB92" box="[264,391,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Megalopta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFE33FBC0707FFB93" authority="Engel 2000" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2000" box="[460,800,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Ischnomelissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFE33FBC0712DFB92" box="[460,626,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ischnomelissa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFD77FBC07048FB93" author="Engel" box="[648,791,1031,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Engel, M. S. (2000) Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural history, 250, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="2000">Engel 2000</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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have been proposed. In spite of this, the monophyly of the genus is strongly supported by the dorsal hook on the fore leg trochanter and by the female acarinarium. The latter structure is associated with specialized acarid mites carried by the females (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFD93FBB8706EFB2B" author="Fain" box="[620,817,1151,1177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Fain, A., Engel, M. S., Flecthtmann, C. H. W., and O'Connor, B. M. (1999) A new genus and species of Acaridae (Acari) phoretic on Thectochlora alaris (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini) from South America. International Journal of Acarology, 25, 163 - 172." type="journal article" year="1999">
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Fain
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFD53FBB871BDFB2A" box="[684,738,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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). No variation was found in this character among the species recognized here.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF7D36C8B715E37AFEC7FB0877ACFA8B" blockId="4.[264,1323,831,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Five species are here recognized in
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFD24FB087028FB5A" box="[731,887,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Thectochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFD24FB087028FB5A" box="[731,887,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thectochlora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFC78FB0877FFFB5B" authority="Vachal, 1904" authorityName="Vachal" authorityYear="1904" box="[903,1184,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaris">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFC78FB0870B7FB5A" box="[903,1000,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. alaris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFC07FB0877C8FB5B" author="Vachal" box="[1016,1175,1231,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Vachal, J. (1904) Etude sur les Halictus d'Amerique. Miscellanea Entomologica, 12, 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="1904">Vachal, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFB53FB0872EEFAA3" authority="Strand, 1910" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basiatra" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFB53FB087674FB5A" box="[1196,1323,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. basiatra</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFEEFFB3072F6FAA3" author="Strand" box="[272,425,1271,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Strand, E. (1910) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna von Paraguay. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur Systematik, 29, 455 - 562." type="journal article" year="1910">Strand, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFE45FB3171CFFAA2" bold="true" box="[442,656,1270,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="868557A1B715E37AFE45FB3171CFFAA2" box="[442,656,1270,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFD60FB30701CFAA2" box="[671,835,1271,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Thectochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycera" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFD60FB30701CFAA2" box="[671,835,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. brachycera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFCB5FB317084FAA2" bold="true" box="[842,987,1270,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="868557A1B715E37AFCB5FB317084FAA2" box="[842,987,1270,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFC15FB30773FFAA2" box="[1002,1120,1271,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Thectochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFC15FB30773FFAA2" box="[1002,1120,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. hamata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFB98FB3177A7FAA2" bold="true" box="[1127,1272,1270,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="868557A1B715E37AFB98FB3177A7FAA2" box="[1127,1272,1270,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="68C24D4BB715E37AFEF7FAD87238FA8A" box="[264,359,1311,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Thectochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixta" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFEF7FAD87238FA8A" box="[264,359,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. mixta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFE92FAD972A2FA8A" bold="true" box="[365,509,1310,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="868557A1B715E37AFE92FAD972A2FA8A" box="[365,509,1310,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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. Their phylogenetic relationships are presented in the
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<figureCitation id="37F92A4DB715E37AFB85FAD877B0FA8B" box="[1146,1263,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="27.[264,367,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[417,1160,1347,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[417,1180,1334,1833]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 34. Cladogram for species of Thectochlora. L = 15; Ci = 93; Ri = 90." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174222/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 34</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7D86543B715E37AFEF7FAA877B1F9CB" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AF7D36C8B715E37AFEF7FAA87220FA3A" blockId="4.[264,1323,1391,1657]" box="[264,383,1391,1416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="9DB6EADAB715E37AFEF7FAA87220FA3A" box="[264,383,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF7D36C8B715E37AFEC7FA5077B1F9CB" blockId="4.[264,1323,1391,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Pronotal dorsal ridge strongly lamellate; fourth male sternum produced laterally into a posterior process with strong setae at apex (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFCD1FA787095FA6B" author="Moure" box="[814,970,1471,1497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Moure, J. S. (1940) Apoidea neotropica. Revista do Museu Paulista, 2, 39 - 64." type="journal article" year="1940">Moure 1940</bibRefCitation>
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); anterior border of the first female tergum modified into a well-developed acarinarium (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFC2BFA2077D6F9B3" author="Eickwort" box="[980,1161,1511,1537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Eickwort, G. C. (1969) A comparative morphological study and generic revision of the augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 48, 325 - 524." type="journal article" year="1969">Eickwort 1969</bibRefCitation>
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); dorsal hook on the mid leg trochanter present in both sexes (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB534B39B715E37AFCADF9C870BDF99B" author="Engel" box="[850,994,1551,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Engel, M. S. (2000) Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural history, 250, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="2000">Engel 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). Other valuable diagnostic features of the genus are the anteriorly projecting mesoscutum, the flattened metasoma, the pectinate inner tibial spur in the female hind leg, and the obtuse epistomal sulcus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |