224 lines
27 KiB
XML
224 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="A155D45E329B6B7B24AFD0B178DE2ADB" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501[1:stpabo]2.0.co;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13223833" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721342017626" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mihlbachler, Matthew C." docDate="2008" docId="03AC87FC15613F27FD3AFCDA390DF9D0" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2008.B311.1-475.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 311 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501[1:stpabo]2.0.co;2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.4:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Duchesneodus thyboi" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="FF95FF8414003E45FFE2FF81385CFFED" masterDocTitle="Species Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)" masterLastPageNumber="475" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1722871849176" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="739B8E42472A599F16E5D62D5D9FEB2D">Species Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E32C210BF4292D9ADB1F2988F0C59D2">Mihlbachler, Matthew C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A57EC067EA286EB5F1CEF722BADCA527">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="442FA0CD04ED880CC5F4DB55DAB763C3">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="821BB33D153FBC8153DCF1844387953B">2008-06-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="758C79714ABFA3DD8A20599102E5FDD0">311</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1D05A6127F06C331DA6B22DD3B041ABD" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501[1:stpabo]2.0.co;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CF316C46C4AFBBCD90ED2608C98EB160" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34FF4A43F53388CE5F5D7D7898227AD0" type="Zenodo-Dep">13223833</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC87FC15613F27FD3AFCDA390DF9D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87FC15613F27FD3AFCDA390DF9D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87FC15613F27FD3AFCDA390DF9D0" lastPageId="354" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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<subSubSection id="C31F656115613F24FD3AFCDA3C30FC9F" box="[728,1132,859,882]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F24FD3AFCDA3C30FC9F" blockId="353.[728,1132,859,882]" box="[728,1132,859,882]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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<heading id="D0F2818615613F24FD3AFCDA3C30FC9F" box="[728,1132,859,882]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915613F24FD3AFCDA3C30FC9F" authority="(Bjork, 1967)" baseAuthorityName="Bjork" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[728,1132,859,882]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyboi">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815613F24FD3AFCDA3B94FC9F" box="[728,968,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">Duchesneodus thyboi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15613F24FC3AFCDD3C38FC9F" author="Bjork, P. R." box="[984,1124,860,882]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref237641" refString="Bjork, P. R. 1967. Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 41: 227 - 236." type="journal article" year="1967">Bjork, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F656115613F24FD5AFC093B03FB9D" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F24FD5AFC093B01FC36" blockId="353.[667,1193,904,1404]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FD5AFC093B64FC72" baselines="922,923" box="[696,824,904,928]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Holotype" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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<typeStatus id="54BE884815613F24FD5AFC093B64FC72" box="[696,824,904,928]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
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: SDSM 63689, a partial skull with right C, P3–M2, left I2 (?), C, P3–M2, M3 (unerupted).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F24FD5AFC633B16FBD8" blockId="353.[667,1193,904,1404]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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||
<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FD5AFC633AABFC15" baselines="1012,1012" box="[696,759,994,1018]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FCEBFC633BDDFC15" baselines="1012,1012" box="[777,897,994,1018]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Locality" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
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: SDSM locality V582, Slim Buttes Formation, Harding County,
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<collectingRegion id="49C1F80815613F24FD79FB9E3B1AFBD8" box="[667,838,1055,1077]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F24FD5AFBBA3B03FB9D" blockId="353.[667,1193,904,1404]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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||
<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FD5AFBBA3AB2FBBF" baselines="1101,1102" box="[696,750,1083,1107]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Age" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">AGE</smallCapsWord>
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: Middle Eocene (Duchesnean land mammal ‘‘age’’).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F656115613F24FD5AFBF63CC9FA91" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F24FD5AFBF63BBBFAAD" blockId="353.[667,1193,904,1404]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FD5AFBF63B65FB60" baselines="1161,1161" box="[696,825,1143,1167]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Referred" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">REFERRED</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FCA7FBF63B94FB63" baselines="1161,1162" box="[837,968,1143,1167]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Specimens" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">SPECIMENS</smallCapsWord>
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:
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815613F24FC39FBF83BCEFB41" bold="true" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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(See
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15613F24FBFAFBF83CF5FB63" author="Bjork, P. R." box="[1048,1193,1145,1167]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref237641" refString="Bjork, P. R. 1967. Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 41: 227 - 236." type="journal article" year="1967">Bjork [1967]</bibRefCitation>
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for a complete list.)
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15613F24FC40FB173C62FB41" author="Bjork, P. R." box="[930,1086,1174,1196]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref237641" refString="Bjork, P. R. 1967. Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 41: 227 - 236." type="journal article" year="1967">Bjork (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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referred numerous teeth and other fragments to
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915613F24FD79FB503BD4FB05" baseAuthorityName="Bjork" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[667,904,1233,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyboi">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815613F24FD79FB503BD4FB05" box="[667,904,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">Duchesneodus thyboi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Among these specimens is SDSM 63690, a partial rostrum with a complete incisor row, right C, and P2–P4 from SDSM locality V6244.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F24FD5AFAC73CC9FA91" blockId="353.[667,1193,904,1404]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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||
<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FD5AFAC73BDDFAB0" baselines="1368,1369" box="[696,897,1350,1374]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Determination" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">DETERMINATION</smallCapsWord>
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: Nomen dubium,
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<typeStatus id="54BE884815613F24FB89FAC93A91FA96" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is an indeterminate juvenile specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F656115613F27FD79FA2B390DF9D0" lastPageId="354" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F24FD79FA2B3B51FA53" blockId="353.[667,781,1450,1471]" box="[667,781,1450,1471]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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||
<smallCapsWord id="8D5CA03615613F24FD79FA2B3B51FA53" baselines="1466,1466" box="[667,781,1450,1471]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15613F27FD5AFA5C3A77FEC8" blockId="353.[667,1194,1500,1759]" lastBlockId="354.[128,654,213,1597]" lastPageId="354" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15613F24FD5AFA5C3B0AFA1E" author="Bjork, P. R." box="[696,854,1501,1523]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref237641" refString="Bjork, P. R. 1967. Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 41: 227 - 236." type="journal article" year="1967">Bjork (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915613F24FC08FA5D3CF5FA1E" box="[1002,1193,1500,1523]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Teleodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyboi">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815613F24FC08FA5D3CF5FA1E" box="[1002,1193,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">Teleodus thyboi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from a partial juvenile skull (SDSM 63689), several cranial fragments, and isolated teeth. After demonstrating
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915613F24FC4DF9B43C48F9A1" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[943,1044,1589,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Teleodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815613F24FC4DF9B43C48F9A1" box="[943,1044,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">Teleodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be an invalid genus,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15613F24FCBFF9D23CF5F985" author="Lucas, S. G. & R. M. Schoch" box="[861,1193,1619,1641]" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" pagination="1018 - 1023" refId="ref241366" refString="Lucas, S. G., and R. M. Schoch. 1982. Duchesneodus, a new name for some titanotheres (Perissodactyla, Brontotheriidae) from the late Eocene of western North America. Journal of Paleontology 56: 1018 - 1023." type="journal article" year="1982">Lucas and Schoch (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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reassigned this species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915613F24FBE0F9F13CFDF96A" baseAuthorityName="sensu Lucas and Schoch" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1026,1185,1648,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815613F24FBE0F9F13CFDF96A" box="[1026,1185,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">Duchesneodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Subsequently, they considered it a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915613F24FCCDF92D3AB1F932" authority="(Lucas and Schoch, 1989 b)" baseAuthorityName="Lucas and Schoch" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815613F24FCCDF92D3BEAF92C" box="[815,950,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="353" pageNumber="354">D. uintensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15613F24FC2AF92D3AB9F932" author="Lucas, S. G. & R. M. Schoch" pageId="353" pageNumber="354" pagination="490 - 503" refId="ref241465" refString="Lucas, S. G., and R. M. Schoch. 1989 b. Taxonomy of Duchesneodus (Brontotheriidae) from the late Eocene of North America. In D. R. Prothero and R. M. Schoch (editors), The evolution of Perissodactyls: 490 - 503. New York: Oxford University Press." type="book chapter" year="1989">Lucas and Schoch, 1989b</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the material from which this species was described is neither consistent with
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FF24FF72390BFEE5" baseAuthorityName="Lucas and Schoch" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[198,343,243,264]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FF24FF72390BFEE5" box="[198,343,243,264]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">D. uintensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, nor does the material sufficiently indicate a distinct taxon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15623F27FF7FFEAF397FFD29" blockId="354.[128,654,213,1597]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">
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The
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<typeStatus id="54BE884815623F27FF3FFEAF391FFEA9" box="[221,323,302,324]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen (SDSM 63689) (fig. 182b) indicates a brontothere with small globular upper incisors, a large canine, a distinct postcanine diastema similar in length to P2, upper premolars with small preprotocristae, and distinct premolar hypocones that are separated from the protocones by a lingual connecting crest. Another important specimen, SDSM 63690 (fig. 182a), a rostral fragment, is consistent with the
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<typeStatus id="54BE884815623F27FE16FDB93A06FDA3" box="[500,602,568,590]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and further indicates a reduced number of upper incisors (two pairs). Other specimens have an occasionally strongly developed P4 mesostyle (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15623F27FF65FD2F394AFD29" author="Bjork, P. R." box="[135,278,686,708]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref237641" refString="Bjork, P. R. 1967. Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 41: 227 - 236." type="journal article" year="1967">Bjork, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15623F27FF7FFD4C39D7FC79" blockId="354.[128,654,213,1597]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">
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The relatively long postcanine diastema differentiates
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FEC7FD6B3A47FCEC" baseAuthorityName="Bjork" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[293,539,746,769]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyboi">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FEC7FD6B3A47FCEC" box="[293,539,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Duchesneodus thyboi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FD93FD6A38BDFCF0" baseAuthorityName="Lucas and Schoch" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FD93FD6A38BDFCF0" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">D. uintensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FECDFC883A09FCF3" box="[303,597,775,798]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Megacerops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
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<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FECDFC883A09FCF3" box="[303,597,775,798]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Megacerops coloradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but several other species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FE0CFCA4396DFCB4" baseAuthorityName="Mihlbachler" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Eubrontotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarnoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FE0CFCA4396DFCB4" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Eubrontotherium clarnoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FEA6FCC53A4BFCB4" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1936" box="[324,535,836,857]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Protitanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FEA6FCC53A4BFCB4" box="[324,535,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Protitanops curryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FD80FCC539E6FC9B" authorityName="Gazin and Sullivan" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Notiotitanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FD80FCC539E6FC9B" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Notiotitanops mississippiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possess similar postcanine diastemata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A666215623F27FD36FC9A3C2BFC8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13224198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224198/files/figure.png" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" startId="354.[724,762,795,814]" targetBox="[710,1219,210,764]" targetPageId="354" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15623F27FD36FC9A3C2BFC8E" blockId="354.[701,1228,794,867]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Fig. 182. Specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FBDFFC9B3AA0FCA4" baseAuthorityName="Bjork" baseAuthorityYear="1967" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyboi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FBDFFC9B3AA0FCA4" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Duchesneodus thyboi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FCEDFCB43B6CFCA5" bold="true" box="[783,816,821,840]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
SDSM 63690, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FBF2FCB43C6CFCA5" bold="true" box="[1040,1072,821,840]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
SDSM 63689 (the holotype). Photos from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15623F27FC0EFCD13C2FFC8E" author="Bjork, P. R." box="[1004,1139,848,867]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref237641" refString="Bjork, P. R. 1967. Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 41: 227 - 236." type="journal article" year="1967">Bjork (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36EA15623F27FF7FFC1D390DF9D0" blockId="354.[128,654,213,1597]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B1B15623F27FF7FFC1D3964FC5F" author="Bjork, P. R." box="[157,312,924,946]" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" pagination="227 - 236" refId="ref237641" refString="Bjork, P. R. 1967. Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 41: 227 - 236." type="journal article" year="1967">Bjork (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the postorbital process of the jugal of SDSM 63689 was located above the metacone of the M2, thus indicating a shortened face that is characteristic of typical Chadronian brontotheres (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FF62FBB03956FBAB" box="[128,266,1073,1094]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Megacerops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FF62FBB03956FBAB" box="[128,266,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Megacerops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In comparison, the orbits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FF62FBCC391DFB89" authorityName="Mihlbachler" authorityYear="2007" box="[128,321,1101,1124]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Eubrontotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FF62FBCC391DFB89" box="[128,321,1101,1124]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Eubrontotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FEB3FBCF39B0FB8E" authorityName="Gazin and Sullivan" authorityYear="1942" box="[337,492,1102,1123]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Notiotitanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FEB3FBCF39B0FB8E" box="[337,492,1102,1123]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Notiotitanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FDD1FBCF38EFFB6C" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Protitanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FDD1FBCF38EFFB6C" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Protitanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more posteriorly positioned. However, SDSM 63689 is a subadult specimen with an unerupted M3. Although brontothere cranial ontogeny has not been carefully studied (juvenile skulls are very rare), it is fairly obvious that, as the teeth erupt, there would have been ontogenetic changes in the position of the orbit with respect to the teeth. Therefore, this character does not really differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FEF7FAF43A59FA61" baseAuthorityName="Bjork" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[277,517,1397,1420]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyboi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FEF7FAF43A59FA61" box="[277,517,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Duchesneodus thyboi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other species. From what can be discerned from the available material
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FE8CFA313A34FA2A" baseAuthorityName="Bjork" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[366,616,1456,1479]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Duchesneodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyboi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FE8CFA313A34FA2A" box="[366,616,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Duchesneodus thyboi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is potentially synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FE0CFA4C396DF9EF" baseAuthorityName="Mihlbachler" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Eubrontotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarnoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FE0CFA4C396DF9EF" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Eubrontotherium clarnoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FEA6FA6D3A4BF9EC" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1936" box="[324,535,1516,1537]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Protitanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FEA6FA6D3A4BF9EC" box="[324,535,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Protitanops curryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D6915623F27FD80FA6D39F3F9F2" authorityName="Gazin and Sullivan" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Notiotitanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="354" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAF815623F27FD80FA6D39F3F9F2" italics="true" pageId="354" pageNumber="355">Notiotitanops mississippiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it is therefore a nomen dubium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |