treatments-xml/data/03/A6/FD/03A6FD6CFF96E83655E33633FB4DFCD9.xml

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<mods:title id="ED8DF4606847210576ED3CB5AFB3A133">New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A6BFC0CAA8D57E373090831EE607C755">Monniot, Francoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9662ABBA2B764C58C47DD85F8E3043A9">2021</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0F8FB16FF96E83755E33633FD9AFE96" bold="true" box="[151,550,319,346]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF96E83755E33633FD9AFE96" authority="Sluiter, 1885" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,550,319,346]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF96E83755E33633FD9AFE96" bold="true" box="[151,550,319,346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF96E83755E33633FE3FFE96" bold="true" box="[151,387,319,346]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Polycarpa papillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF96E83754FE364CFD9AFE96" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[394,550,320,346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref10267" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1885) Uber einige einfache Ascidien on der Insel Billiton. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandisch Indie, 45, 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF96E83755E33668FEBFFEB2" blockId="12.[151,550,319,382]" box="[151,259,356,382]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF96E83755E33668FEBFFEB2" box="[151,259,356,382]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,473,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-84@12.[177,1411,473,1943]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Polycarpa papillata. A, two specimens; B, specimen without tunic; C, body ventrally opened; D, branchial tissue. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074621/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Figure 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF96E83755E336ABFC28FE0D" blockId="12.[151,916,423,449]" box="[151,916,423,449]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Stations: Kanacono DW 4717; DW 4717; DW 4730. Six specimens.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF701CF2FF96E83755E330A2FEF0F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074621/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" startId="12.[151,250,1966,1990]" targetBox="[178,1411,473,1935]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF96E83755E330A2FEF0F827" blockId="12.[151,1437,1966,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF96E83755E330A2FEA3F80B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1966,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF96E837545130A3FE53F80B" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1885" box="[293,495,1967,1991]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF96E837545130A3FE53F80B" box="[293,495,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Polycarpa papillata</emphasis>
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. A, two specimens; B, specimen without tunic; C, body ventrally opened; D, branchial tissue. Scale bars = 1cm.
</paragraph>
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The body is elongated in all specimens with a brown leathery tunic harder posteriorly where it makes a kind of peduncle (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF97E836547B37B7FEC7FF19" box="[271,379,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,473,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-84@12.[177,1411,473,1943]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Polycarpa papillata. A, two specimens; B, specimen without tunic; C, body ventrally opened; D, branchial tissue. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). The oral siphon is apical slightly turned outward, the atrial siphon is somewhat posterior protruding a short distance away from the oral siphon. Removed from the tunic the body appears in two parts (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF97E836501B37D3FF7BFED1" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,473,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-84@12.[177,1411,473,1943]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Polycarpa papillata. A, two specimens; B, specimen without tunic; C, body ventrally opened; D, branchial tissue. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
) the major one anterior containing the main organs and a posterior bulbous segment filled with body wall tissue. There are numerous long oral tentacles. The dorsal tubercle opens anteriorly in a U and located in a deep V of the prepharyngeal band. The 4 branchial folds per side are well separated (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF97E83656DA3647FBA2FEA9" box="[942,1054,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,473,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-84@12.[177,1411,473,1943]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Polycarpa papillata. A, two specimens; B, specimen without tunic; C, body ventrally opened; D, branchial tissue. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">FIG. 12D</figureCitation>
). One formula on the right side is: E- 4(13)4(20)4(20)4(15)1-DL
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF97E83655B3369FFA9AFDAD" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
Parastigmatic vessels are present. The branchial sac does not penetrate into the posterior segment of the body. The digestive loop vertically oriented (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF97E836573336BBFD16FE1D" box="[583,682,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,473,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-84@12.[177,1411,473,1943]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Polycarpa papillata. A, two specimens; B, specimen without tunic; C, body ventrally opened; D, branchial tissue. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
) is loosely attached to the body wall. The olive-shaped stomach has internal longitudinal ridges. The anus rim in two lips is fringed with a series of long lobes. The gonads are numerous (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF97E83655D436F3FEBAFDD5" box="[160,262,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,473,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-84@12.[177,1411,473,1943]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Polycarpa papillata. A, two specimens; B, specimen without tunic; C, body ventrally opened; D, branchial tissue. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
), about 16 on each side, distributed without precise design. Each polycarp contains an ovary sided by a row of testis vesicles; the genital papillae are joined and short. A large surface of the body wall wears endocarps, including some present inside the gut loop. No velum or tentacles have been found at the atrial aperture.
</paragraph>
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The present specimens correspond to those described from 
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in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF97E83651653567FAE9FD49" author="Monniot, F. &amp; Monniot, C." box="[1041,1365,619,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" pagination="201 - 383" refId="ref10050" refString="Monniot, F. &amp; Monniot, C. (2001) Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema, 23 (2), 201 - 383." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot &amp; Monniot (2001)</bibRefCitation>
. They differ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF97E836546E3583FCFAFD65" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[282,838,655,681]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reviviscens">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF97E836546E3583FDAEFD64" box="[282,530,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Polycarpa reviviscens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF97E836576E3583FCFAFD65" author="Monniot, F. &amp; Monniot, C." box="[538,838,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" pagination="201 - 383" refId="ref10050" refString="Monniot, F. &amp; Monniot, C. (2001) Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema, 23 (2), 201 - 383." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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which has the same posterior body extension but the zooids are aggregated in clumps and have polycarps of different shape.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF97E83655B335DBFB4DFCD9" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF97E83655B335DBFD67FD3D" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2003" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2003" box="[199,731,727,753]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF97E83655B335DBFE1BFD3D" box="[199,423,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Polycarpa producta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF97E83654DB35DBFD67FD3D" author="Monniot, F. &amp; Monniot, C." box="[431,731,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" pagination="681 - 749" refId="ref10080" refString="Monniot, F. &amp; Monniot, C. (2003) Ascidies de la pente externe et bathyales de l'ouest Pacifique. Zoosystema, 25 (4), 681 - 749." type="journal article" year="2003">Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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from the Caledonian basin is very similar in shape to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF97E836504935DBFF7FFCD9" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1885" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF97E836504935DBFF7FFCD9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. papillata</emphasis>
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described above but differs by more numerous endocarps and less polycarps arranged in a line.
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