479 lines
58 KiB
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479 lines
58 KiB
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<document id="AC685A8611A8753B0E5D747766C26AF9" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112114" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10483662" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1704936930199" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fan, Ruishen, Li, Long, Cai, Gui, Ye, Jing, Liu, Minhao, Wang, Shuhui & Li, Zhouqi" docDate="2019" docId="03D387E96F3DFFE26249DAB1FC05146C" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.168.112114.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112114" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Idesia polycarpa Maxim" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFEAFF916F38FFE4617BD805FF8E110E" masterDocTitle="Molecular cloning and function analysis of FAD 2 gene in Idesia polycarpa" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1706796954070" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:title id="56D0F5FEFB17BB45096036A731709ECE">Molecular cloning and function analysis of FAD 2 gene in Idesia polycarpa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7364D4220A918F630F4FF99CF3789953">Fan, Ruishen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CAB51769B0893BE9A6F90EA707CA2DEC">College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3A626275C2E9D72539F9FCE1CDFBB14A">Li, Long</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E887518219928ACE91CDA8418C77E7C">Cai, Gui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0CF9818BF3AD638D87CFF635F2CD0E3">Ye, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EBE3E83C4ADC0B3C67386938F78D89F0">Liu, Minhao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23CF1D371DA432E0FAE7C732FD7A50C6">Wang, Shuhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F470D94A16E36FB6C05127D406D86CE">Li, Zhouqi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="61FE6F9AB06BC40F936B33CABB8F9154">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0266ECAFB5CA1EC3AE2598E3F2503A57">2019</mods:date>
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3.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE1622BDAB1FC3513C9" ID-CoL="6N5JY" authority="Maxim" authorityName="Maxim" box="[848,955,692,711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">Discussion</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE16228DAE9FC6613F1" box="[851,1000,748,767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">Idesia polycarpa</taxonomicName>
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,
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a woody species with the potential for edible oil and biodiesel production, has a high quality and quantity of lipids and
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. The fruits of this species possess species-specific mechanisms for lipid accumulation. The relative ratio of fatty acids did not exhibit significant changes during the developmental process, both in the pericarp and the seed (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3DFFE1657DDB7DFB081285" author="Li, R. J. & Gao, X. & Li, L. M. & Liu, X. L. & Wang, Z. Y. & Lu, S. Y." box="[1030,1158,888,907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="801" refId="ref9992" refString="Li, R. J., Gao, X., Li, L. M., Liu, X. L., Wang, Z. Y., Lu, S. Y., 2016. De novoAssembly and characterization of the fruit transcriptome of Idesia polycarpa reveals candidate genes for lipid biosynthesis. Front. Plant Sci. 7 (168), 801." type="journal article" year="2016">Li et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). These trends of fatty acid profiles are significantly different from the storage accumulation in other woody oil plants (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3DFFE16293DBAAFB7D12CC" author="Dussert, S. & Morcillo, F." box="[1000,1267,943,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1337 - 1358" refId="ref8885" refString="Dussert, S., Morcillo, F., 2013. Comparative transcriptome analysis of three oil palm fruit and seed tissues that differ in oil content and fatty acid composition. Plant Physiol. 162 (3), 1337 - 1358." type="journal article" year="2013">Dussert and Morcillo, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3DFFE16478DBAAFCEC12D0" author="Munoz-Merida, A. & Gonzalez-Plaza, J. J. & Canada, A. & Blanco, A. M. & Garcia-Lopez, M. D. C. & Rodriguez, J. M. & Pedrola, L. & Sicardo, M. D. & Hernandez, M. L. & Rosa, R. D. L. & Belaj, A. & Gil-Borja, M. & Luque, F. & Martinez-Rivas, J. M. & Pisano, D. G. & Trelles, O. & Valpuesta, V. & Beuzon, G. R." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref10634" refString="Munoz-Merida, A., Gonzalez-Plaza, J. J., Canada, A., Blanco, A. M., Garcia-Lopez, M. D. C., Rodriguez, J. M., Pedrola, L., Sicardo, M. D., Hernandez, M. L., Rosa, R. D. L., Belaj, A., Gil-Borja, M., Luque, F., Martinez-Rivas, J. M., Pisano, D. G., Trelles, O., Valpuesta, V., Beuzon, G. R., 2013. De novo assembly and functional annotation of the olive (Olea europaea) transcriptome. DNA Res. 20 (1), 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2013">Muñoz-Mérida et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3DFFE16215DBCEFB8512D0" author="Galli, V. & Guzman, F. & Messias, R. S. & Korbes, A. P. & Silva, S. D. A. & Margis-Pinheiro, M." box="[878,1035,971,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1353 - 1367" refId="ref9194" refString="Galli, V., Guzman, F., Messias, R. S., Korbes, A. P., Silva, S. D. A., Margis-Pinheiro, M., 2014. Transcriptome of tung tree mature seeds with an emphasis on lipid metabolism genes. Tree Genet. Genomes 10 (5), 1353 - 1367." type="journal article" year="2014">Galli et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). For example, in oil palm, dramatic changes in FA composition have been reported during the development of both the endosperm and the mesocarp (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3DFFE1651CDC06FAF81518" author="Dussert, S. & Morcillo, F." box="[1127,1398,1027,1046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1337 - 1358" refId="ref8885" refString="Dussert, S., Morcillo, F., 2013. Comparative transcriptome analysis of three oil palm fruit and seed tissues that differ in oil content and fatty acid composition. Plant Physiol. 162 (3), 1337 - 1358." type="journal article" year="2013">Dussert and Morcillo, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). In this study, the accumulation of fruit lipids and
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<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3DFFE165B2DC1AFB6D153C" box="[1225,1251,1055,1074]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
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contents differed among growth stages. Lipid accumulation was steady throughout the growth stages, being more rapid at 70–80 DAP and 100–110 DAP. The accumulation of
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<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3DFFE162D5DC76FC461588" box="[942,968,1139,1158]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
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occurred later than lipid accumulation, being more rapid at 80–90 DAP. This indicates that the synthesis of
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is regulated by the lipid content. These results may facilitate the selection of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE164B9DCAFFC4C15D7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="polycarpa" subSpecies="fruits">
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE164B9DCAFFC0715D7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
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fruits
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</taxonomicName>
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with various
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content requirements in different development stages.
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1611FDCD5FF1315EF" bold="true" box="[100,157,1232,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
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Identification of transgenic plants.
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE160B6DCD5FE5615EF" bold="true" box="[461,472,1232,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">a</emphasis>
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: Identification of transgenic plants by primers IpFAD2-F/IpFAD2-R and 101-F/101-R;
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1634CDCECFDCC15F4" bold="true" box="[567,578,1257,1274]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">b</emphasis>
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: Identification of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE1638BDCECFF28141A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1638BDCECFF28141A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. thaliana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by primers AS11-F/AS11-R. 1, Col-0; 2, pRI-101
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE16338DD06FDC7141A" bold="true" box="[579,585,1283,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">-</emphasis>
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T
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#9-5-3; 3,
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE163C5DD06FD72141A" bold="true" box="[702,764,1283,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IpFAD2</emphasis>
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- T
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<subScript id="17FE34BA6F3DFFE1610BDD21FFF61421" attach="left" box="[112,120,1316,1327]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</subScript>
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#7-20-8; 4,
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1619DDD19FEAA1423" bold="true" box="[230,292,1308,1325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IpFAD2</emphasis>
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-T
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#11-3-1; 5,
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE160D0DD19FE671423" bold="true" box="[427,489,1308,1325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IpFAD2</emphasis>
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-T
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<subScript id="17FE34BA6F3DFFE16080DD21FD8D1421" attach="left" box="[507,515,1316,1327]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</subScript>
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#38-3-7.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC536FF6F3DFFE26228DCFBFF6D1524" blockId="5.[818,1488,748,1353]" lastBlockId="6.[100,770,880,1987]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Since the first plant
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1655EDCFBFBD6141F" bold="true" box="[1061,1112,1278,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FAD2</emphasis>
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||
was cloned from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE16468DCFBFB9D1423" authority="(Nishiuchi et al., 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Nishiuchi" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE16468DCFBFA41141F" bold="true" box="[1299,1487,1278,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Arabidopsis thaliana</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3DFFE16241DD1FFB841423" author="Nishiuchi, T. & Nishimura, M. & Arondel, V. & Iba, K." box="[826,1034,1306,1325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="767 - 768" refId="ref10777" refString="Nishiuchi, T., Nishimura, M., Arondel, V., Iba, K., 1994. Genomic nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a microsomal omega- 3 fatty acid desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 105 (2), 767 - 768." type="journal article" year="1994">Nishiuchi et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, more and more homologous
|
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<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1644DDD1FFAE71423" bold="true" box="[1334,1385,1306,1325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
sequences have been cloned in plants. Based on previous studies,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE16445DD33FAFC1447" bold="true" box="[1342,1394,1334,1353]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
is mainly responsible for the transformation of OA to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26080DB75FD9B128D" box="[507,533,880,899]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
in plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE2630CDB75FF1A1291" author="Heppard, E. P. & Kinney, A. J. & Stecca, K. L. & Miao, G. H." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="311 - 319" refId="ref9475" refString="Heppard, E. P., Kinney, A. J., Stecca, K. L., Miao, G. H., 1996. Developmental and growth temperature regulation of two different microsomal ω- 6 desaturase genes in soybeans. Plant Physiol. 110 (1), 311 - 319." type="journal article" year="1996">Heppard et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but to date,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2605CDB89FED51291" bold="true" box="[295,347,908,927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE260E1DB89FD891291" box="[410,519,908,927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE260E1DB89FD891291" bold="true" box="[410,519,908,927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been cloned and characterised. In this study, we isolated
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26369DBADFDCB12B5" bold="true" box="[530,581,936,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE263F4DBADFC8F12B5" box="[655,769,936,955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE263F4DBADFC8F12B5" bold="true" box="[655,769,936,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26117DBC6FF3F12D8" bold="true" box="[108,177,963,982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
) for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE263C6DBC6FC8C12D8" bold="true" box="[701,770,963,982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
was closely related with
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26031DBDAFE1E12FC" bold="true" box="[330,400,991,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PtFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE260C6DBDAFD8212FC" bold="true" box="[445,524,991,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PeFAD2.</emphasis>
|
||
Introducing this gene into plants may help us to improve or reduce the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE2636ADBFEFDA51500" box="[529,555,1019,1038]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
content in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE263ECDBFEFC8F1500" box="[663,769,1019,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE263ECDBFEFC8F1500" bold="true" box="[663,769,1019,1038]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0566776F3DFFE1611FDF91FCE116B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10483680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10483680/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[100,130,1940,1957]" targetBox="[304,1284,1402,1914]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC536FF6F3DFFE1611FDF91FCE116B0" blockId="5.[100,1487,1940,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1611FDF91FF1016AB" bold="true" box="[100,158,1940,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
qRT-PCR analysis of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1602CDF91FE1B16AB" bold="true" box="[343,405,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
expression in transgenic
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE16314DF91FCA416AB" bold="true" box="[623,810,1940,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE16314DF91FD4116AB" bold="true" box="[623,719,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE16314DF91FD4516AB" box="[623,715,1940,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a:
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE16397DF91FCA416AB" bold="true" box="[748,810,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
gene expression in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE162AFDF91FBA116AB" box="[980,1071,1940,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE162AFDF91FBA116AB" bold="true" box="[980,1071,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1650EDF91FB4416AB" bold="true" box="[1141,1226,1940,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
b:
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE165F7DF91FB4416AB" bold="true" box="[1164,1226,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
gene expression in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3DFFE1640EDF91FA4116AB" box="[1397,1487,1940,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3DFFE1640EDF91FA4116AB" bold="true" box="[1397,1487,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seeds. Each column in the graphs represents the mean of three biological replicates ± SD.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0566776F3EFFE2611FDAE1FD4A124C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10483682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10483682/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[100,130,740,757]" targetBox="[120,760,154,714]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC536FF6F3EFFE2611FDAE1FD4A124C" blockId="6.[100,770,740,834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2611FDAE1FF2513FB" bold="true" box="[100,171,740,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Fatty acid profiles and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contents in complemented
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2619CDAFBFE091201" bold="true" box="[231,391,766,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
IpFAD2
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26051DAFBFE091201" box="[298,391,766,783]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Arabidopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
expressing. Experiments were carried out in triplicate and fatty acid proportions are expressed as mole percent. Different letters above the columns indicated significant differences at
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26309DB34FDF3124C" bold="true" box="[626,637,817,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
|
||
≤ 0.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC536FF6F3EFFE261FEDC36FDBC1615" blockId="6.[100,770,880,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The protein FAD2 belongs to the membrane-
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26350DC36FDD31548" bold="true" box="[555,605,1075,1094]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FADS</emphasis>
|
||
-like superfamily, which contains membrane
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26012DC4AFE15156C" bold="true" box="[361,411,1103,1122]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FADS</emphasis>
|
||
s, alkane hydroxylases, beta carotene ketolases (CrtW-like), hydroxylases (CrtR-like) and other related proteins. They are present in all groups of organisms with the exception of archaea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE261C7DCA6FEDF15B8" author="Xue, Y. F. & Yin, N. W. & Chen, B. J. & Liao, F. F. & Win, A. N. & Jiang, J. Y. & Wang, R. & Jin, X. Y. & Lin, N. & Chai, Y. R." box="[188,337,1187,1206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="95" refId="ref11557" refString="Xue, Y. F., Yin, N. W., Chen, B. J., Liao, F. F., Win, A. N., Jiang, J. Y., Wang, R., Jin, X. Y., Lin, N., Chai, Y. R., 2017. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of two FAD 2, genes from chia (salvia hispanica). Acta Physiol. Plant. 39 (4), 95." type="journal article" year="2017">Xue et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the transcriptome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE2633FDCA6FD2315B8" box="[580,685,1187,1206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2633FDCA6FD2315B8" bold="true" box="[580,685,1187,1206]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pericarp and seed tissues, the metabolic enzymes associated with the biosynthesis of FA compositions in FAD genes are
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26379DCDFFE8C1407" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2, FAD3, FAD5, FAD6, FAD7 and FAD8</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE2606EDCF3FE281407" author="Li, R. J. & Gao, X. & Li, L. M. & Liu, X. L. & Wang, Z. Y. & Lu, S. Y." box="[277,422,1270,1289]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="801" refId="ref9992" refString="Li, R. J., Gao, X., Li, L. M., Liu, X. L., Wang, Z. Y., Lu, S. Y., 2016. De novoAssembly and characterization of the fruit transcriptome of Idesia polycarpa reveals candidate genes for lipid biosynthesis. Front. Plant Sci. 7 (168), 801." type="journal article" year="2016">Li et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All of these genes belong to the membrane-
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE261B4DD17FE8F142B" bold="true" box="[207,257,1298,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FADS</emphasis>
|
||
-like superfamily, in which
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2637FDD17FDB6142B" bold="true" box="[516,568,1298,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2631CDD17FD14142B" bold="true" box="[615,666,1298,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD6</emphasis>
|
||
desaturate OA to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE261DFDD2BFF4F144F" box="[164,193,1326,1345]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE261B0DD2BFEB1144F" bold="true" box="[203,319,1326,1345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD3, FAD7</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2600BDD2BFE2A144F" bold="true" box="[368,420,1326,1345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD8</emphasis>
|
||
desaturate
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE2636FDD2BFDA0144F" box="[532,558,1326,1345]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26334DD2BFDF4144F" box="[591,634,1326,1345]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15621" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15621" name="University of Alaska Museum of the North, Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">ALA</collectionCode>
|
||
. Besides these desaturations,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26059DD4FFED81453" bold="true" box="[290,342,1354,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD5</emphasis>
|
||
encoding a palmitoyl-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol delta-7 desaturase, affects the accumulation of 16:3 by catalysing 16:0 MGDG to form 16:1 MGDG at position (Δ7) in leaves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE261D5DD9BFED414BF" author="Wang, S. H. & Li, Y. & Li, Z. Q. & Chang, L. & Li, L." box="[174,346,1438,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="2015 - 2022" refId="ref11393" refString="Wang, S. H., Li, Y., Li, Z. Q., Chang, L., Li, L., 2015. Identification of an SCAR marker related to female phenotype in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Genet. Mol. Res. Gmr 14 (1), 2015 - 2022." type="journal article" year="2015">Wang et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE26013DD9BFDCA14BF" author="Hernandez, M. L. & Mancha, M. & Martinez-Rivas, J. M." box="[360,580,1438,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1417 - 1426" refId="ref9426" refString="Hernandez, M. L., Mancha, M., Martinez-Rivas, J. M., 2005. Molecular cloning and characterization of genes encoding two microsomal oleate desaturases (FAD 2) from olive. Phytochemistry 66 (12), 1417 - 1426." type="journal article" year="2005">Hernández et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Membrane
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE263BCDD9BFD7714BF" bold="true" box="[711,761,1438,1457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FADS</emphasis>
|
||
s are non-heme, iron-containing, oxygen-dependent enzymes involved in regioselective introduction of double bonds in fatty acyl aliphatic chains. They play an important role in the maintenance of the proper structure and functioning of biological membranes. This superfamily domain has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE2634BDE40FF1A177A" author="Marchler-Bauer, A. & Bo, Y. & Han, L. & He, J. & Lanczycki, C. J. & Lu, S. & Chitsaz, F. & Derbyshire, M. K. & Geer, R. C. & Gonzales, N. R. & Gwadz, M. & Hurwitz, D. I. & Lu, F. & Marchler, G. H. & Song, J. S. & Thanki, N. & Wang, Z. & Yamashita, R. A. & Zhang, D. & Zheng, C. & Geer, L. Y. & Bryant, S. H." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="203" refId="ref10344" refString="Marchler-Bauer, A., Bo, Y., Han, L., He, J., Lanczycki, C. J., Lu, S., Chitsaz, F., Derbyshire, M. K., Geer, R. C., Gonzales, N. R., Gwadz, M., Hurwitz, D. I., Lu, F., Marchler, G. H., Song, J. S., Thanki, N., Wang, Z., Yamashita, R. A., Zhang, D., Zheng, C., Geer, L. Y., Bryant, S. H., 2017. CDD / SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures. Nucleic Acids Res. 45 (D 1), D 200 - D 203." type="journal article" year="2017">Marchler-Bauer et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Bioinformatics analysis of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE260DEDE64FE64177A" bold="true" box="[421,490,1633,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
suggested that it had a theoretical molecular mass of 44.03 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 8.04. The secondary structure of IpFAD2 had five transmembrane helices and was constituted by alpha helix, extrend strand, beta turn and random coil. The
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26072DED4FEC017EA" bold="true" box="[265,334,1745,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
contained a membrane-FADS-like superfamily domain, located on the ER. This provides a reference for the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26393DEE9FC8C17F1" box="[744,770,1772,1791]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
synthesis theory of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26065DF0DFE071615" box="[286,393,1800,1819]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26065DF0DFE071615" bold="true" box="[286,393,1800,1819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in future studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC536FF6F3EFFE261FEDF21FAE0109C" blockId="6.[100,770,880,1987]" lastBlockId="6.[818,1488,159,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Ectopic overexpression of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE260BFDF21FD2B1639" bold="true" box="[452,677,1828,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE260BFDF21FD121639" authority="FAD" authorityName="FAD" box="[452,668,1828,1847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Perilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">Perilla frutescens FAD</taxonomicName>
|
||
2
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
gene in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE2611FDF45FECE165D" authorityName="Meyen ex E.C.Hansen" authorityYear="1883" box="[100,320,1856,1875]" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Tremellaceae" genus="Saccharomyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cerevisia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2611FDF45FECE165D" bold="true" box="[100,320,1856,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Saccharomyces cerevisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could catalyse the conversion from OA to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26393DF45FC8C165D" box="[744,770,1856,1875]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE26117DF59FE871661" author="Xue, Y. F. & Yin, N. W. & Chen, B. J. & Liao, F. F. & Win, A. N. & Jiang, J. Y. & Wang, R. & Jin, X. Y. & Lin, N. & Chai, Y. R." box="[108,265,1884,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="95" refId="ref11557" refString="Xue, Y. F., Yin, N. W., Chen, B. J., Liao, F. F., Win, A. N., Jiang, J. Y., Wang, R., Jin, X. Y., Lin, N., Chai, Y. R., 2017. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of two FAD 2, genes from chia (salvia hispanica). Acta Physiol. Plant. 39 (4), 95." type="journal article" year="2017">Xue et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is consistent with
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26368DF59FDC91661" bold="true" box="[531,583,1884,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
enzyme activity in cotton (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE261D4DF7DFED01685" author="Zhang, D. & Pirtle, I. L. & Park, S. J. & Nampaisansuk, M. & Neogi, P. & Wanjie, S. W. & Pirtle, R. M. & Chapman, K. D." box="[175,350,1912,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="462 - 471" refId="ref11718" refString="Zhang, D., Pirtle, I. L., Park, S. J., Nampaisansuk, M., Neogi, P., Wanjie, S. W., Pirtle, R. M., Chapman, K. D., 2009. Identification and expression of a new delta- 12 fatty acid desaturase (FAD 2 - 4) gene in upland cotton and its functional expression in yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47 (6), 462 - 471." type="journal article" year="2009">Zhang et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), chia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE260D1DF7DFDCC1685" author="Xue, Y. F. & Yin, N. W. & Chen, B. J. & Liao, F. F. & Win, A. N. & Jiang, J. Y. & Wang, R. & Jin, X. Y. & Lin, N. & Chai, Y. R." box="[426,578,1912,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="95" refId="ref11557" refString="Xue, Y. F., Yin, N. W., Chen, B. J., Liao, F. F., Win, A. N., Jiang, J. Y., Wang, R., Jin, X. Y., Lin, N., Chai, Y. R., 2017. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of two FAD 2, genes from chia (salvia hispanica). Acta Physiol. Plant. 39 (4), 95." type="journal article" year="2017">Xue et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), soybean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE263C8DF7DFF1A16A9" author="Li, L. & Wang, X. & Gai, J. & Yu, D." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1516 - 1526" refId="ref10064" refString="Li, L., Wang, X., Gai, J., Yu, D., 2007. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel microsomal oleate desaturase gene from soybean. J. Plant Physiol. 164 (11), 1516 - 1526." type="journal article" year="2007">Li et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and olive (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE26076DF91FE6716A9" author="Hernandez, M. L. & Mancha, M. & Martinez-Rivas, J. M." box="[269,489,1940,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1417 - 1426" refId="ref9426" refString="Hernandez, M. L., Mancha, M., Martinez-Rivas, J. M., 2005. Molecular cloning and characterization of genes encoding two microsomal oleate desaturases (FAD 2) from olive. Phytochemistry 66 (12), 1417 - 1426." type="journal article" year="2005">Hernández et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2631ADF91FD1B16A9" bold="true" box="[609,661,1940,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
from some plants such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26189DFB5FDB916CD" authority="(Sun et al., 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Sun" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[242,567,1968,1987]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Elaeis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26189DFB5FE0B16CD" bold="true" box="[242,389,1968,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeis guineensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE260EEDFB5FDA016CD" author="Sun, R. H. & Gao, L. C. & Yu, X. P. & Zheng, Y. S. & Li, D. D. & Wang, X. G." box="[405,558,1968,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref11074" refString="Sun, R. H., Gao, L. C., Yu, X. P., Zheng, Y. S., Li, D. D., Wang, X. G., 2016. Identification of a Δ 12 fatty acid desaturase from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) involved in the biosynthesis of linoleic acid by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 591 (1), 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="2016">Sun et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26338DFB5FC2911BC" authority="(Wu et al., 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Wu" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[579,935,159,1987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Jatropha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26338DFB5FD5D16CD" bold="true" box="[579,723,1968,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Jatropha curcas</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE26399DFB5FC1011BC" author="Wu, P. Z. & Zhang, S. & Zhang, L. & Chen, Y. P. & Li, M. R. & Jiang, H. W. & Wu, G. J." box="[738,926,159,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1360 - 1366" refId="ref11483" refString="Wu, P. Z., Zhang, S., Zhang, L., Chen, Y. P., Li, M. R., Jiang, H. W., Wu, G. J., 2013. Functional characterization of two microsomal fatty acid desaturases from Jatropha curcas L. J. Plant Physiol. 170 (15), 1360 - 1366." type="journal article" year="2013">Wu et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE262C8D89AFA9D11BC" authority="(Dyer JM et al., 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Dyer JM" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[947,1299,159,178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Aleurites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fordii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262C8D89AFBB911BC" bold="true" box="[947,1079,159,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aleurites fordii</emphasis>
|
||
(Dyer JM et al., 2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26464D89AFC6411C0" authority="(Lei et al., 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Lei" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Davidia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="involucrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26464D89AFA4111BC" bold="true" box="[1311,1487,159,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Davidia involucrata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE26241D8BEFC6F11C0" author="Lei, N. & Peng, S. & Niu, B. & Chen, J. & Zhou, J. & Tang, L. & Xu, Y. & Wang, S. & Chen, F." box="[826,993,187,206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="41 - 46" refId="ref9914" refString="Lei, N., Peng, S., Niu, B., Chen, J., Zhou, J., Tang, L., Xu, Y., Wang, S., Chen, F., 2010. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel microsomal oleate desaturase gene DiFAD 2 from Davidia involucrata Bail. Biol. Plant. 54 (1), 41 - 46." type="journal article" year="2010">Lei et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26286D8BEFAE911C0" authority="(Lee et al., 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Lee" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1021,1383,187,206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Perilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26286D8BEFB1211C0" bold="true" box="[1021,1180,187,206]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Perilla frutescens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE265C8D8BEFAD011C0" author="Lee, K. R. & Lee, Y. & Kim, E. H. & Lee, S. B. & Roh, K. H. & Kim, J. B. & Kang, H. C. & Kim, H. U." box="[1203,1374,187,206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref9824" refString="Lee, K. R., Lee, Y., Kim, E. H., Lee, S. B., Roh, K. H., Kim, J. B., Kang, H. C., Kim, H. U., 2016. Functional identification of oleate 12 - desaturase and ω- 3 fatty acid desaturase genes from Perilla frutescens var. Frutescens. Plant Cell Rep. 35 (12), 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2016">Lee et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, camelina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE26241D8D2FB0A11E4" author="Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M. F. & Salas, J. J. & Venegas-Caleron, M. & Garces, R. & Martinez-Force, E." box="[826,1156,215,234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="405 - 415" refId="ref10904" refString="Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M. F., Salas, J. J., Venegas-Caleron, M., Garces, R., Martinez-Force, E., 2016. Molecular cloning and characterization of the genes encoding a microsomal oleate Δ 12 desaturase (CsFAD 2) and linoleate Δ 15 desaturase (CsFAD 3) from Camelina sativa. Ind. Crops Prod. 89, 405 - 415." type="journal article" year="2016">Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE265B3D8D2FC2B1008" authority="(Guo et al., 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Guo" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Xanthoceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sorbifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE265B3D8D2FA1B11E4" bold="true" box="[1224,1429,215,234]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xanthoceras sorbifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE264D2D8D2FC131008" author="Guo, H. H. & Li, Q. Q. & Wang, T. T. & Hu, Q. & Deng, W. H. & Xia, X. L. & Gao, H. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="482 - 488" refId="ref9340" refString="Guo, H. H., Li, Q. Q., Wang, T. T., Hu, Q., Deng, W. H., Xia, X. L., Gao, H. B., 2014. XsFAD 2 gene encodes the enzyme responsible for the high linoleic acid content in oil accumulated in Xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94 (3), 482 - 488." type="journal article" year="2014">Guo et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not only catalyses the conversion from OA to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26426D8F6FAF71008" box="[1373,1401,243,262]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
, can also produce hexadecadienoic acid (16:2
|
||
<superScript id="7C0F9BB76F3EFFE265F4D90FFB361019" attach="right" box="[1167,1208,266,279]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Δ9,12</superScript>
|
||
), with palmitoleic acid (16:1
|
||
<superScript id="7C0F9BB76F3EFFE26249D923FCCB103D" attach="none" box="[818,837,294,307]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Δ9</superScript>
|
||
) as catalysed substrate. This phenomenon might be associated with the preference of substrate or different transmembrane topologies of plant
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26216D966FC261078" bold="true" box="[877,936,355,374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2s</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE262C0D966FBEE1078" author="Guo, H. H. & Li, Q. Q. & Wang, T. T. & Hu, Q. & Deng, W. H. & Xia, X. L. & Gao, H. B." box="[955,1120,355,374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="482 - 488" refId="ref9340" refString="Guo, H. H., Li, Q. Q., Wang, T. T., Hu, Q., Deng, W. H., Xia, X. L., Gao, H. B., 2014. XsFAD 2 gene encodes the enzyme responsible for the high linoleic acid content in oil accumulated in Xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94 (3), 482 - 488." type="journal article" year="2014">Guo et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the present work, expression of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26249D97AFCF8109C" bold="true" box="[818,886,383,402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
IpFAD
|
||
<quantity id="4C829B1A6F3EFFE26217D97AFCF8109C" box="[876,886,383,402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE262ECD97AFC75109C" box="[919,1019,383,402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262ECD97AFC75109C" bold="true" box="[919,1019,383,402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
induce the conversion from OA to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26436D97AFAE4109C" box="[1357,1386,383,402]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC536FF6F3EFFE26228D99FFC7212AD" blockId="6.[818,1488,159,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Similarly, qRT-PCR analysis was carried out to detect the relative transcript level of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262A7D9B3FBAE10C7" bold="true" box="[988,1056,438,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
at eight different growth stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE2641DD9B3FCE910EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="polycarpa" subSpecies="fruits">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2641DD9B3FA4110C7" bold="true" box="[1382,1487,438,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
fruits
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Comparing the expression patterns and linoleic contents, we found that the
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262C6D9EBFB8F130F" bold="true" box="[957,1025,494,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
mRNA content was positively correlated with
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE264CED9EBFA41130F" box="[1461,1487,494,513]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
concentration in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE262A0DA0FFB071313" box="[987,1161,522,541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="polycarpa" subSpecies="fruits">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262A0DA0FFBC71313" bold="true" box="[987,1097,522,541]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
fruits
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When the
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26584DA0FFACA1313" bold="true" box="[1279,1348,522,541]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
gene was exhibited at 80 DAP, the increase rate of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE265D6DA23FB491337" box="[1197,1223,550,569]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
was rapid in this stage, indicating that
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262CFDA47FC77135B" bold="true" box="[948,1017,578,597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
plays a significant role in the accumulation and regulation of the PUFAs components, such as catalysing the conversion from OA to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE262CADA7FFC451383" box="[945,971,634,653]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
in fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26535DA7FFB331383" box="[1102,1213,634,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26535DA7FFB331383" bold="true" box="[1102,1213,634,653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at different growth stages. Otherwise, the expression of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26534DA93FB1A13A7" bold="true" box="[1103,1172,662,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
at 140 DAP was slightly higher than that 130 DAP (1.28425:1). In view of the low temperature after 130 DAP, this phenomenon can be explained by the fact that temperature drops lead to increased
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2651EDAECFB1713F2" bold="true" box="[1125,1177,745,764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAD2</emphasis>
|
||
expression of the cell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B0E6F3EFFE2640ADAECFCEC1216" author="Xue, Y. F. & Yin, N. W. & Chen, B. J. & Liao, F. F. & Win, A. N. & Jiang, J. Y. & Wang, R. & Jin, X. Y. & Lin, N. & Chai, Y. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="95" refId="ref11557" refString="Xue, Y. F., Yin, N. W., Chen, B. J., Liao, F. F., Win, A. N., Jiang, J. Y., Wang, R., Jin, X. Y., Lin, N., Chai, Y. R., 2017. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of two FAD 2, genes from chia (salvia hispanica). Acta Physiol. Plant. 39 (4), 95." type="journal article" year="2017">Xue et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These results can enrich our understanding that
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26443DB00FAF21216" bold="true" box="[1336,1404,773,792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
not only regulates the change of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26563DB24FBBA123A" box="[1048,1076,801,820]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
, but also increases the cold resistance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE264B9DB24FC07125E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE264B9DB24FC07125E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At present,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE2657CDB38FBFD125E" box="[1031,1139,829,848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2657CDB38FBFD125E" bold="true" box="[1031,1139,829,848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mainly planted in subtropical regions and difficult to cultivate in temperate and cold temperate regions. The results of our study can therefore facilitate the expansion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE264B9DB70FC0712AD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE264B9DB70FC0712AD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cultivation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC536FF6F3EFFE26228DBA9FC05146C" blockId="6.[818,1488,159,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In summary, we investigated the dynamic growth curve of lipid and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26249DBCDFCC212D5" box="[818,844,968,987]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
accumulation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26295DBCDFB0012D5" box="[1006,1166,968,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="polycarpa" subSpecies="fruits">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26295DBCDFBD912D5" bold="true" box="[1006,1111,968,987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
fruits
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and analysed the increase rates of different growth stages. This study is the first report on full-length cDNA of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262FCDC05FC42151D" bold="true" box="[903,972,1024,1043]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE2657FDC05FBE0151D" box="[1028,1134,1024,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE2657FDC05FBE0151D" bold="true" box="[1028,1134,1024,1043]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This gene was expressed in different growth stages and had a positively relationship with the increase rate of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26249DC3DFCC21545" box="[818,844,1080,1099]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
in fruits. Bioinformatics analysis and prokaryotic expression demonstrated that
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE262B5DC51FB9D1569" bold="true" box="[974,1043,1108,1127]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
encodes a bio-functional ER-located-like FAD2 enzyme. The functional characterisation of this desaturase in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26417DC75FA41158D" box="[1388,1487,1136,1155]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26417DC75FA41158D" bold="true" box="[1388,1487,1136,1155]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirmed that the isolated IpFAD2 proteins could catalyse
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6BAE3A6F3EFFE26408DC89FA031591" box="[1395,1421,1164,1183]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15420" name="University of California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Herbarium">LA</collectionCode>
|
||
synthesis. This study not only helps to understand the roles of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26414DCADFA3A15B5" bold="true" box="[1391,1460,1192,1211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
IpFAD
|
||
<quantity id="4C829B1A6F3EFFE264D1DCADFA3A15B5" box="[1450,1460,1192,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in different growth stages, but also lays a foundation for the molecular regulation and coordination of high-LA traits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26476DCDAFAF415FC" box="[1293,1402,1247,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26476DCDAFAF415FC" bold="true" box="[1293,1402,1247,1266]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further characterization of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26290DCFEFBBE1400" bold="true" box="[1003,1072,1275,1294]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IpFAD2</emphasis>
|
||
and its functional relationship will provide more information about the mechanisms controlling FA composition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D7C6F3EFFE26249DD36FC151448" box="[818,923,1331,1350]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Idesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90EEAED6F3EFFE26249DD36FC151448" bold="true" box="[818,923,1331,1350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and possible ways to modify it such as genetic engineering breeding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |