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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a68ac12f-87f8-412b-83e6-86b3f20109f6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550481" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-79-309" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940" ID-ZooBank="E4C130CF221E4C43BC7BD1083120CFD9" ModsDocID="1864-8312-79-309" checkinTime="1626449887957" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Ning, Wang, Ji-Shen &amp; Hua, Bao-Zhen" docDate="2021" docId="5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 79: 309-342" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny 79" docPubDate="2021-07-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325" docTitle="Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng 1949" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940" lastPageNumber="309" masterDocId="EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940" masterDocTitle="Morphological phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revision of the Panorpa davidi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="309" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" updateTime="1632023702204" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Morphological phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revision of the Panorpa davidi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Ning</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Ning Li [liningning @ nwafu. edu. cn]; Ji-Shen Wang [wangjishen 826 @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Ji-Shen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Ning Li [liningning @ nwafu. edu. cn]; Ji-Shen Wang [wangjishen 826 @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hua, Bao-Zhen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Ning Li [liningning @ nwafu. edu. cn]; Ji-Shen Wang [wangjishen 826 @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">huabzh@nwafu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-07-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>79</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>309</mods:start>
<mods:end>342</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-79-309</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E4C130CF221E4C43BC7BD1083120CFD9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName LSID="5AC97B97-276D-54CC-A85C-F85890FB93EA" authority="Cheng, 1949" authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa sexspinosa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Tiantaishan Forest Park, Baoji, Shaanxi. B. Male, dorso-lateral view. C. Female, dorso-lateral view. Photos by Ning Li (A) and by Xin Tong (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567058" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figs 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 from Ningshan, Shaanxi. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567059" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">, 19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa sexspinosa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">Panorpa sexspinosa</taxonomicName>
Cheng, 1949: 145, figs 4, 8, 9, 15 &amp; 16. Type locality: &quot;Taipaishan, Shensi&quot; [now Taibaishan, Shaanxi], China; Cheng, 1957: 49, figs 81, 87, 89, 123, 124 &amp; 278;
<bibRefCitation author="Chou, I" journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B10" refString="Chou, I, Ran, RB, Wang, SM, 1981. Studies on the classification of Chinese Mecoptera (I, II). Entomotaxonomia 3: 1 - 18" title="Studies on the classification of Chinese Mecoptera (I, II)." volume="3" year="1981">Chou et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 5, figs 14-18; Wang &amp; Hua, 2018: 396, figs 5-149-1-5-149-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa sexspinosa subsp. zhongnanensis" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sexspinosa" subSpecies="zhongnanensis">Panorpa sexspinosa zhongnanensis</taxonomicName>
Chou &amp; Ran in
<bibRefCitation author="Chou, I" journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B10" refString="Chou, I, Ran, RB, Wang, SM, 1981. Studies on the classification of Chinese Mecoptera (I, II). Entomotaxonomia 3: 1 - 18" title="Studies on the classification of Chinese Mecoptera (I, II)." volume="3" year="1981">Chou et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 6. Type locality: Zhongnanshan, Shaanxi, China,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chou &amp; Wang" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa shanyangensis" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanyangensis">Panorpa shanyangensis</taxonomicName>
Chou &amp; Wang in
<bibRefCitation author="Chou, I" journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B10" refString="Chou, I, Ran, RB, Wang, SM, 1981. Studies on the classification of Chinese Mecoptera (I, II). Entomotaxonomia 3: 1 - 18" title="Studies on the classification of Chinese Mecoptera (I, II)." volume="3" year="1981">Chou et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 8, figs 28-29. Type locality: Cuipingshan, Shanyang, Shaanxi, China; Wang &amp; Hua, 2018: 400, figs 5-151-1,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
This species can be readily recognized by the following characters: (1) wing markings well-developed, forewing apical band broad with large hyaline spot posteriorly; pterostigmal band with broad basal branch, and thin or no apical branch; marginal spot slender or absent; basal band broad; basal spot absent (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Tiantaishan Forest Park, Baoji, Shaanxi. B. Male, dorso-lateral view. C. Female, dorso-lateral view. Photos by Ning Li (A) and by Xin Tong (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567058" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">18B-C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 from Ningshan, Shaanxi. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567059" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">19A-B</figureCitation>
); (2) meso- and metanotum blackish brown to black, with broad pale yellow mesal stripe (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 from Ningshan, Shaanxi. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567059" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">19A-B</figureCitation>
); in males, (3) gonocoxites bearing 4-8 (usually 6) long setae along beveled inner apex ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 from Ningshan, Shaanxi. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567059" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">19E-F</figureCitation>
); (4) parameres crossed mesally, twisted in S-shape, extending beyond gonocoxites (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 from Ningshan, Shaanxi. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567059" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">19E, G</figureCitation>
); in females, (5) medigynium with main plate broad, pair of lateral basal plates reaching two-thirds length of main plate, each basal plate formed by three sclerotized structures connected by membrane; axis extended beyond main plate for one-third of its length anteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 from Ningshan, Shaanxi. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567059" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">19J-K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567058" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figure 18.</emphasis>
Live adult habitus and habitat of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa sexspinosa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cheng, 1949.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A</emphasis>
. Habitat in Tiantaishan Forest Park, Baoji, Shaanxi.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B</emphasis>
. Male, dorso-lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C</emphasis>
. Female, dorso-lateral view. Photos by Ning Li (A) and by Xin Tong (B-C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412326" collectingDate="1942-07" collectorName="Io Chou" country="CHINA" location="Taibaishan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi Prov." typeStatus="Holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Shaanxi">Shaanxi Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:64D4C5D75D3F4A5C2359BC609C0D8505" country="CHINA" name="Taibaishan" stateProvince="Shaanxi Prov.">Taibaishan</location>
;
<collectingDate value="1942-07">Jul. 1942</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Io Chou</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412331" collectingDate="1973-08-14" collectorName="Chou Tian, Tian-Yin Zeng, Man-Sheng Ruan" country="China" location="Cuipingshan" municipality="Shanyang" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="Holotype">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shanyangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="shanyangensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. shanyangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<collectingMunicipality>Shanyang</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:79AF4038B089AFAB4E307072DF5D82CE" country="China" municipality="Shanyang" name="Cuipingshan" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Cuipingshan</location>
;
<collectingDate value="1973-08-14">14 Aug. 1973</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Chou Tian</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Tian-Yin Zeng</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Man-Sheng Ruan</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412373" collectingDate="1980-08-28" collectorName="Su-Mei Wang" country="China" location="Nanwutai" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="Holotype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa subsp. zhongnanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="subSpecies" species="sexspinosa" subSpecies="zhongnanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa zhongnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:0AAF7D5293F178012F4E2B56D9DDD549" country="China" name="Nanwutai" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Nanwutai</location>
;
<collectingDate value="1980-08-28">28 Aug. 1980</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Su-Mei Wang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412337" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Su-Mei Wang" country="China" location="Nanwutai" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="15" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<specimenCount type="female">15 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa subsp. zhongnanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="subSpecies" species="sexspinosa" subSpecies="zhongnanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa zhongnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); same data as previous;
<collectorName>Su-Mei Wang</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412401" collectingDate="1979-07-08" collectorName="Chou Tian, Tong Chen" country="China" location="Nanwutai" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<specimenCount type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa subsp. zhongnanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="subSpecies" species="sexspinosa" subSpecies="zhongnanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa zhongnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:9DB3270B6DC282159F213B36D39E6EC2" country="China" name="Nanwutai" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Nanwutai</location>
;
<collectingDate value="1979-07-08">8 Jul. 1979</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Chou Tian</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Tong Chen</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412309" collectingDate="2020-07-05" collectorName="Bao-Zhen Hua, Xiao-Yan Wang" country="China" location="Taibaishan" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:75508D2F5D6B4CE4DC4C4F4E1BB278B1" country="China" name="Taibaishan" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Taibaishan</location>
;
<collectingDate value="2020-07-05">5 Jul. 2020</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Bao-Zhen Hua</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Xiao-Yan Wang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412318" collectingDate="1965-08-18" collectorName="Io Chou, Jin-Sheng Lu" country="China" location="Qinling Railway Station" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:C94CA90B8B25A27CE5E6B52848838F6A" country="China" name="Qinling Railway Station" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Qinling Railway Station</location>
;
<collectingDate value="1965-08-18">18 Aug. 1965</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Io Chou</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Jin-Sheng Lu</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412382" collectingDate="2019-05-05" collectingDateMax="2019-07-13" collectingDateMin="2019-05-05" collectorName="Xin Tong, Peng-Yang Wang" country="China" location="Huoditang" municipality="Ningshan" specimenCount="72" specimenCount-female="40" specimenCount-male="32" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">32♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">40♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality>Ningshan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:3FC4F9EDB0681D34B02A96A3E119BCFB" country="China" municipality="Ningshan" name="Huoditang" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Huoditang</location>
;
<collectingDate value="2019-05-05" valueMax="2019-07-13" valueMin="2019-05-05">5 May-13 Jul. 2019</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Xin Tong</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Peng-Yang Wang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412344" collectingDate="2009-09-03" collectorName="Yan-Kai Li, Jie Meng" country="China" location="Zhuque National Forest" specimenCount="77" specimenCount-female="42" specimenCount-male="35" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">35♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">42♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:DE1C93503FFD79641E430109D64E4E22" country="China" name="Zhuque National Forest" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Zhuque National Forest</location>
Park;
<collectingDate value="2009-09-03">3 Sep. 2009</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Yan-Kai Li</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Jie Meng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412357" collectingDate="2020-08-08" collectorName="Wan-Ruo Ma" country="China" location="Zhuque National Forest" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
; same data as previous;
<collectingDate value="2020-08-08">8 Aug. 2020</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Wan-Ruo Ma</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412386" collectingDate="2012-07-17" collectorName="Qiong-Hua Gao, Yan-Yan Feng" country="China" elevation="1500" location="Tiantaishan Forest" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">3♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:6733FF3B3E0E07AC66B95D8F6DF5F946" country="China" name="Tiantaishan Forest" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Tiantaishan Forest</location>
Park;
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate value="2012-07-17">17 Jul. 2012</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Qiong-Hua Gao</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Yan-Yan Feng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412356" collectingDate="2019-07-29" collectorName="Kai Gao" country="China" elevation="2200" location="Niubeiliang National Forest" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:0B88AC80DAC57EB12735B40DDCE505FE" country="China" name="Niubeiliang National Forest" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Niubeiliang National Forest</location>
Park;
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="2200.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate value="2019-07-29">29 Jul. 2019</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Kai Gao</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
-
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412370" collectingDate="2011-08-07" collectorName="Na Ma" country="China" location="Baihua Forest" municipality="Tianshui" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Gansu Prov." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Gansu">Gansu Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount type="male">3♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality>Tianshui</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:90496B407E7A60119EB7C35A05E68414" country="China" municipality="Tianshui" name="Baihua Forest" stateProvince="Gansu Prov.">Baihua Forest</location>
Farm;
<collectingDate value="2011-08-07">7 Aug. 2011</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Na Ma</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412314" collectingDate="2019-07-19" collectorName="Zhang" country="China" county="Pingliang" elevation="2090" location="Xiangshanding" municipality="Kongtongshan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Gansu" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCounty>Pingliang</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Kongtongshan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:8CB29FD052A4FA7C17017DFB847B1A10" country="China" county="Pingliang" municipality="Kongtongshan" name="Xiangshanding" stateProvince="Gansu">Xiangshanding</location>
;
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">2090 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate value="2019-07-19">19 Jul. 2019</collectingDate>
; Yan-Na
<collectorName>Zhang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
-
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412333" collectingDate="2012-07-20" collectorName="Bao-Zhen Hua" country="China" county="Pingdingshan" elevation="1300" location="Yaoshan" municipality="Lushan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Henan Prov." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Henan">Henan Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCounty>Pingdingshan</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Lushan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC97B97276D54CCA85CF85890FB93EA:E14569C9ED757FDD7488952D09CB09B8" country="China" county="Pingdingshan" municipality="Lushan" name="Yaoshan" stateProvince="Henan Prov.">Yaoshan</location>
;
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1200.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200-1400 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate value="2012-07-20">20 Jul. 2012</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Bao-Zhen Hua</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
-
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412323" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Shennongjia, Badong, Tiansanping" country="China" location="Hubei Prov." specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hubei Prov." typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hubei">Hubei Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName>Shennongjia</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Badong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Tiansanping</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567059" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa sexspinosa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cheng, 1949 from Ningshan,
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">H</emphasis>
. Male.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C</emphasis>
. Habitus, lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">F</emphasis>
. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">G</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">H</emphasis>
. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">I</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">K</emphasis>
. Female.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">I</emphasis>
. Subgenital plate, ventral view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">J</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">K</emphasis>
. Medigynium, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A-B =
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; C =
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; D-K =
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Male: FL = 11.3-14.3 mm, FW = 3.0-3.5 mm; HL = 10.4-13.2 mm, HW = 2.8-3.3 mm. Female: FL = 11.6-14.7 mm, FW = 3.1-3.6 mm; HL = 10.5-13.6 mm, HW = 2.9-3.4 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">China: Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa sexspinosa subsp. zhongnanensis" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sexspinosa" subSpecies="zhongnanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa sexspinosa zhongnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Nanwutai, Shaanxi. Based on our observations, no significant differences from the nominotypical subspecies have been found in morphological characters, including body colour, wing markings, and male and female genitalia. Therefore,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa subsp. zhongnanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="subSpecies" species="sexspinosa" subSpecies="zhongnanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa zhongnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here treated as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chou &amp; Wang" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa shanyangensis" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanyangensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa shanyangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a single female specimen from Cuipingshan, Shanyang, Shaanxi. It resembles
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in gross morphology, although it can be distinguished from the latter by three pairs (cf. a pair) of lateral basal plates, three spots, and incomplete apical band with three separated small spots near the inner margin (cf. apical band broad with a large hyaline spot posteriorly). After dissecting series of female specimens of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type locality and other localities, we found that each complete basal plate is formed by three sclerotized structures connected by membrane. After comparing the female genitalia of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shanyangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="shanyangensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. shanyangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we found these two nominal species share highly similar lateral basal plates and outline of the main plate. It is reasonable to consider that the apical band with three separated small spots near the inner margin in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shanyangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="shanyangensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. shanyangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is variation of wing markings, thus
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shanyangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="shanyangensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. shanyangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very likely conspecific. Consequently,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shanyangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="shanyangensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. shanyangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is treated as a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. sexspinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">P. sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, according to the collection records,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa sexspinosa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexspinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa sexspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very likely a bivoltine insect in Shaanxi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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