treatments-xml/data/5A/3C/33/5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9856BA5AE24B5C68B128B57DC644E3F0" ID-ZooBank="2398E5CC94134AE5976BDEF9F138A814" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1102-1" checkinTime="1653045140087" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru &amp; Eguchi, Katsuyuki" docDate="2022" docId="5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1102: 1-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1102" docPubDate="2022-05-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953" docTitle="Eleganesia minuta Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="9856BA5AE24B5C68B128B57DC644E3F0" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9856BA5AE24B5C68B128B57DC644E3F0" masterDocTitle="Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1653045442711" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Pristepyris Kieffer, 1905, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liao, Hauchuan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1 - 1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192 - 0397, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hachiliao0808@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Terayama, Mamoru</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1 - 1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192 - 0397, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Eguchi, Katsuyuki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1 - 1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192 - 0397, Japan &amp; Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1 - 12 - 4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852 - 8523, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-05-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1102</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1102-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="5A3C338E-9BA7-5C1A-BDE1-6E935BC7927C" authority="(Yasumatsu, 1955)" authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Yasumatsu" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Eleganesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleganesia minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta" status="comb. nov.">Eleganesia minuta (Yasumatsu, 1955)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male, holotype A head in full-face view B antenna (right) C mandible D mesosoma in lateral view E mesosoma in dorsal view F Forewing G hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686042" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male A, C-H JO 190717 _ 13 B JIR 190717 _ 54 A, B head in full-face view C antenna (left) D mandible E mesosoma in lateral view F mesosoma in dorsal view G forewing H hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686043" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. &quot; Pristepyris takasago &quot;, male, holotype A head in full-face view B antenna (right) C mandible D mesosoma in lateral view E mesosoma in dorsal view F forewing G hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686044" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male genitalia A, C (JO 190717 _ 13) from Okinawa-Hontou Island B (holotype) D (JA 170808 _ 13) from Amami-Oshima Island E (JI 170808 _ 31) F (JI 170808 _ 35) from Ishigaki-jima Island G (TNT 180706 _ 01) H (TNT 180706 _ 06) from Taiwan A hypopygium B, C, E, G genitalia (and aedeagus) in ventral view D, F, H aedeagus in outer-lateral view; arrows show morphological variation in ventral valve of aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., female A head in full-face view B antenna (left) C mandible D mesosoma in lateral view E mesosoma in dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686046" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Pristocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristocera minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta" status="comb. nov.">Pristocera minuta</taxonomicName>
Yasumatsu, 1955: 246. Holotype (male, KUF), type loc.: Sobosan, Prov. Bungo, Kyusyu, Japan. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Acrepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrepyris minutus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus" status="comb. nov.">Acrepyris minutus</taxonomicName>
: Terayama, 1996: 595 (genus transfer). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Pristepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristepyris minutus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus" status="comb. nov.">Pristepyris minutus</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4489.1.1" author="Azevedo, CO" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 294" refId="B8" refString="Azevedo, CO, Alencar, IDCC, Ramos, MS, Barbosa, DN, Colombo, WD, Vargas, RJM, Lim, J, 2018. Global guide of the flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4489.1.1" title="Global guide of the flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4489.1.1" volume="4889" year="2018">Azevedo et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 104 (genus transfer). Comb. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Westwood, 1874" authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Apenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apenesia takasago" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasago" status="comb. nov.">Apenesia takasago</taxonomicName>
Terayama, 1996: 143, figs 15-18. Holotype (male, NSMT), type loc.: Tokkasha, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Pristepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristepyris takasago" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasago" status="comb. nov.">Pristepyris takasago</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4489.1.1" author="Azevedo, CO" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 294" refId="B8" refString="Azevedo, CO, Alencar, IDCC, Ramos, MS, Barbosa, DN, Colombo, WD, Vargas, RJM, Lim, J, 2018. Global guide of the flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4489.1.1" title="Global guide of the flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4489.1.1" volume="4889" year="2018">Azevedo et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 104 (genus transfer). Syn. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="male diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
TL ≈ 3.3-5.5 mm. HL/HW 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100 = 98-109. Frons and vertex almost smooth and shining or with shallow foveolae, of which intervals are smooth and shining and wider than diameter of foveolae. Anterior clypeal margin nearly straight. Mandible with four apical teeth. Transverse pronotal carina absent. Cervical pronotal area in lateral view gently rounded. LP/WP = 1.30-1.44. Metapostnotal median carina distinct, but incompletely reaching posterior transverse margin. Tergum II without longitudinal ridge and sulcus, sternum II with longitudinal median carina. Hypopygium with almost straight apical margin. Aedeagus with developed ventral and dorsal valves; apical lobe reduced.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686042" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Yasumatsu" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Eleganesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleganesia minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eleganesia minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., male, holotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
head in full-face view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
antenna (right) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
mesosoma in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
mesosoma in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Forewing 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="female diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
TL = 3.7 mm. HL/HW 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100 = 139. Frons and vertex with foveolae (ca. 0.01 mm in diameter), of which intervals are imbricate; intervals in lateral part of frons as wide as or narrower than diameter of foveolae; intervals in vertex and median part of frons wider than diameter of foveolate. Median portion of clypeus roundly produced anteriad. Compound eye less developed. Mandible with four teeth. Transverse pronotal carina absent. Cervical pronotal area in lateral view gently rounded. Dorsal area of pronotum, mesoscutellum, mesopleuron and dorsomedian face of metapectal-propodeal complex imbricate. Dorsal area of pronotum, mesoscutellum, mesopleuron and dorsolateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex with spare foveolae. Tergum II without longitudinal ridge and sulcus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Full description was given by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5109/22656" author="Yasumatsu, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 249" refId="B37" refString="Yasumatsu, K, 1955. Taxonomic notes on three wireworm parasites of the genus Pristocera from the Far East (Hymenoptera: Bethyloidea). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 10 (3): 233 - 249, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5109/22656" title="Taxonomic notes on three wireworm parasites of the genus Pristocera from the Far East (Hymenoptera: Bethyloidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.5109/22656" volume="10" year="1955">Yasumatsu (1955)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Terayama, M" journalOrPublisher="Touka Shobo Co, Fukuoka, Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Terayama, M, 2006. The Insects of Japan (Hymenoptera), Vol. 1. Touka Shobo Co, Fukuoka, Japan" title="The Insects of Japan (Hymenoptera), Vol. 1." year="2006">Terayama (2006)</bibRefCitation>
. Additional information as below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
HL/HW 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100 = 98-109 (100 in holotype of 
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Frons and vertex almost smooth and shining or with inconspicuous foveolae (ca. 0.01-0.02 mm in diameter, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male A, C-H JO 190717 _ 13 B JIR 190717 _ 54 A, B head in full-face view C antenna (left) D mandible E mesosoma in lateral view F mesosoma in dorsal view G forewing H hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686043" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
) or shallow foveolae (ca. 0.02-0.04 mm, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male A, C-H JO 190717 _ 13 B JIR 190717 _ 54 A, B head in full-face view C antenna (left) D mandible E mesosoma in lateral view F mesosoma in dorsal view G forewing H hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686043" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15B</figureCitation>
), of which intervals are smooth and shining and wider than diameter of foveolae. Occipital carina present. Median portion of clypeus shortly produced anteriad; median clypeal carina moderately distinct, not reaching anterior margin; anterior clypeal margin nearly straight medially. Compound eye large and convex, with sparse thin erect setae. Mandible with four teeth.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686043" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Yasumatsu" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Eleganesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleganesia minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eleganesia minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., male 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C-H</emphasis>
JO190717_13 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
JIR190717_54 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
head in full-face view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
antenna (left) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
mesosoma in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
mesosoma in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
forewing 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pronotum without transverse pronotal carina; cervical pronotal area in lateral view round; dorsal area smooth and shining, or with sparse, inconspicuous or shallow foveolae. Mesopleuron elongate; anterior, upper and lower fovea distinct; acropleural area smooth and shining, with inconspicuous foveolae; mesopleural pit absent. Mesodiscrimen concave, without median carina. Metasternum with metafurcal pit. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex obliquely rugose in marginal area and irregularly rugose in central area. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with lateral margins subparallel and slightly convex; LP/WP = 1.30-1.44 (1.30 in holotype of 
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); metapostnotal median carina distinct, but incompletely reaching posterior transverse margin; submedian rugae irregularly running; sublateral margin distinct, but short, incomplete posteriorly; posterior transverse margin distinct; dorsomedian face weakly rugoso-scabrous; dorsolateral face smooth and shining; median portion of propodeal declivity with transversely rugoso-scabrous. Forewing with long R12v vein and R2 flexion line, of which the latter is shorter than 1M2 flexion line (arrows in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male A, C-H JO 190717 _ 13 B JIR 190717 _ 54 A, B head in full-face view C antenna (left) D mandible E mesosoma in lateral view F mesosoma in dorsal view G forewing H hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686043" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15F</figureCitation>
), without 2M12 flexion line. Hindwing with four distal hamuli. Tarsal claws bifid, with thin and curved apical teeth; basal one very short.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686044" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 16.</emphasis>
&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Pristepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristepyris takasago" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasago">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristepyris takasago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, male, holotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
head in full-face view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
antenna (right) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
mesosoma in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
mesosoma in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
forewing 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Tergum II without longitudinal ridge and sulcus; sternum II with longitudinal median carina. Hypopygium with very long spiculum, with almost straight apical margin; apicomedian part thickened which is visible as a small triangular region; outer face of apicomedian part with relatively dense setae; membrane developed between spiculum and S9ala (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male genitalia A, C (JO 190717 _ 13) from Okinawa-Hontou Island B (holotype) D (JA 170808 _ 13) from Amami-Oshima Island E (JI 170808 _ 31) F (JI 170808 _ 35) from Ishigaki-jima Island G (TNT 180706 _ 01) H (TNT 180706 _ 06) from Taiwan A hypopygium B, C, E, G genitalia (and aedeagus) in ventral view D, F, H aedeagus in outer-lateral view; arrows show morphological variation in ventral valve of aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17A</figureCitation>
), without thickened margin. Gonostipes thin and glabrous, fused to harpe in dorsal portion. Harpe in ventral view elongate-spatulate, slightly curved inward, with blunt apex, entirely covered with setae which increase in length toward apex; median basal portion with concavity which accommodates digitus and cuspis. Subbasal part of volsella with seta-bearing area which is almost as long as cuspis. Cuspis elongate-lobate and straight, extending posteriad, with several long setae at the apex. Digitus extending laterad, curled. Aedeagus with reduced apical lobe; dorsal lobe large; ventral lobe elongated, with large lobate projection produced ventrally in posterior portion (arrow in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male genitalia A, C (JO 190717 _ 13) from Okinawa-Hontou Island B (holotype) D (JA 170808 _ 13) from Amami-Oshima Island E (JI 170808 _ 31) F (JI 170808 _ 35) from Ishigaki-jima Island G (TNT 180706 _ 01) H (TNT 180706 _ 06) from Taiwan A hypopygium B, C, E, G genitalia (and aedeagus) in ventral view D, F, H aedeagus in outer-lateral view; arrows show morphological variation in ventral valve of aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17D, F, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Yasumatsu" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Eleganesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleganesia minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eleganesia minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., male genitalia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C</emphasis>
(JO190717_13) from Okinawa-Hontou Island 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
(holotype) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
(JA170808_13) from Amami-Oshima Island 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
(JI170808_31) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
(JI170808_35) from Ishigaki-jima Island 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
(TNT180706_01) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
(TNT180706_06) from Taiwan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
hypopygium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C, E, G</emphasis>
genitalia (and aedeagus) in ventral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, F, H</emphasis>
aedeagus in outer-lateral view; arrows show morphological variation in ventral valve of aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female of this species was recognized for the first time by collecting a male and female pair in copulation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Color</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body light brown; mandible, antenna and legs as same as or lighter than body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Head capsule with posterior margin very weakly incurved, with posterolateral corner round; HL/HW 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100 = 139. Occipital carina present. Frons and vertex foveolate (ca. 0.01 mm in diameter), with intervals imbricate; intervals in lateral part of frons as wide as or narrower than diameter of foveolae; intervals in vertex and median part of frons as wide as or wider than diameter of foveolae. Clypeus imbricate; median portion roundly produced anteriad; median longitudinal carina reaching anterior clypeal margin which is slightly incurved medially (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., female A head in full-face view B antenna (left) C mandible D mesosoma in lateral view E mesosoma in dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686046" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18C</figureCitation>
). Compound eye less developed. Mandible with four teeth. Antennomere I (excluding the basal condylar bulb) 3.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as maximum width; antennomere I:II:III = 27:8:6 in length; antennomere II 0.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as maximum width, narrowed and bent in basal part; antennomere III-XII each 0.72-0.78 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as maximum width, elongate-cylindrical; antennomere XIII (terminal) 1.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as maximum width, with round apex.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686046" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Yasumatsu" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Eleganesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleganesia minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eleganesia minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
head in full-face view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
antenna (left) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
mesosoma in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
mesosoma in dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pronotum with anterior flange extending anteriad beyond anterior margin of propleuron; cervical pronotal area in lateral view gently round; dorsal area subtrapezoidal, with weakly incurved posterior margin, with inconspicuous foveolae of which intervals are imbricate and wider than diameter of foveolae; transverse pronotal carina absent; LPD/WPD = 1.36. Mesoscutum overlain by posteromedian portion of pronotum. Mesoscutellum trapezoidal, 0.72 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as maximum width, weakly imbricate, with a few inconspicuous foveolae. Mesopleuron elongate and imbricate; anterior, upper and lower depressions absent; mesopleural pit absent. Lateral face of metapectal-propodeal complex imbricates entirely. Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view weakly constricted behind propodeal spiracles and then widened again posteriad, without any distinct carinae which subdivide dorsal face; LP/WP = 2.16; dorsomedian face smooth and shining; median portion of propodeal declivity weakly transversely rugoso-scabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Tergum II without longitudinal ridge and sulcus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="JT200820" collectingDate="2020-08-20" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Japan" elevation="154" latitude="35.61972" location="Minami-osawa" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.20084" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Tokyo">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JT200820">JT200820</accessionNumber>
_01, 05-07); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:44754E64BA36BDB37316C8279EDDD681" country="Japan" latitude="35.61972" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.20084" name="Minami-osawa" stateProvince="Tokyo">Minami-osawa</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="35.61972">35°37'11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="139.20084">139°12'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" unit="m" value="154.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" unit="m" value="154.0">154 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2020-08-20">20/VIII/2020</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-08-25" collectingDateMax="2012-09-22" collectingDateMin="2012-08-25" collectorName="Kentaro Tsujii" country="Japan" location="Miyake-jima" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:F0F9316CE81486A874B7F023AC132687" country="Japan" name="Miyake-jima" stateProvince="Tokyo">Miyake-jima</location>
; 
<collectorName>Kentaro Tsujii</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectingDate value="2012-08-25" valueMax="2012-09-22" valueMin="2012-08-25">25/VIII-22/IX/2012</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="JK210921" collectingDate="2021-09-22" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Japan" elevation="16" latitude="30.296667" location="Yakushima." longLatPrecision="20" longitude="130.41415" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:6451479C1AE37B4C32AA55BA3E5BDA05" country="Japan" latitude="30.296667" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="130.41415" name="Yakushima." stateProvince="Tokyo">Yakushima.</location>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JK210921">JK210921</accessionNumber>
_05, 07); Ohko-no-taki, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="30.296667">30°17'48&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="130.41415">130°24'51&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="16.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2021-09-22">22/IX/2021</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="JO170808" collectingDate="2017-08-10" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Japan" elevation="181" latitude="26.599445" location="Mt. Nago" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="128.01917" municipality="Okinawa-Hontou." specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>Okinawa-Hontou.</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JO170808">JO170808</accessionNumber>
_05); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:D4E2A31A520CAE0454A6034206AD5C67" country="Japan" latitude="26.599445" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="128.01917" municipality="Okinawa-Hontou." name="Mt. Nago" stateProvince="Tokyo">Mt. Nago</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="26.599445">26°35'58&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="09" value="128.01917">128°01'09&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" unit="m" value="181.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" unit="m" value="181.0">181 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2017-08-10">10/VIII/2017</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="JO190717" collectingDate="2019-07-19" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Japan" elevation="316" latitude="26.744722" location="Kunigami Vil." longLatPrecision="20" longitude="128.21944" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JO190717">JO190717</accessionNumber>
_13, 15); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:4C2E25C3A2D84C1D4738C02BB8B885B8" country="Japan" latitude="26.744722" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="128.21944" name="Kunigami Vil." stateProvince="Tokyo">Kunigami Vil.</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="26.744722">26°44'41&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="128.21944">128°13'10&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16" unit="m" value="316.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16" unit="m" value="316.0">316 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2019-07-19">19/VII/2019</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="JA170808" collectingDate="2017-08-16" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Japan" elevation="44" latitude="28.270277" location="Mt. Yuwan" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="129.32388" municipality="Amami-Oshima." specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>Amami-Oshima.</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JA170808">JA170808</accessionNumber>
_13); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:34A12C91DA9F9942D14399C7F0373C94" country="Japan" latitude="28.270277" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="129.32388" municipality="Amami-Oshima." name="Mt. Yuwan" stateProvince="Tokyo">Mt. Yuwan</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="28.270277">28°16'13&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="129.32388">129°19'26&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="44.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="44.0">44 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2017-08-16">16/VIII/2017</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="JI170808" collectingDate="2017-08-12" collectingDateMax="2017-08-13" collectingDateMin="2017-08-12" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Japan" elevation="93" latitude="24.441944" location="Mt. Omoto" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="124.09889" municipality="Ishigaki" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>Ishigaki</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">jima.</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JI170808">JI170808</accessionNumber>
_28, 31, 35), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:4211BEE7B19DFDEBE22CC66A4603AD81" country="Japan" latitude="24.441944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="124.09889" municipality="Ishigaki" name="Mt. Omoto" stateProvince="Tokyo">Mt. Omoto</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="24.441944">24°26'31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="124.09889">124°05'56&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" unit="m" value="93.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" unit="m" value="93.0">93 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2017-08-12" valueMax="2017-08-13" valueMin="2017-08-12">12-13/VIII/2017</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-07-27" collectingDateMax="2019-07-28" collectingDateMin="2019-07-27" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Japan" elevation="33" latitude="24.396667" location="Tropical Biosphere Research Center" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="123.803055" municipality="Iriomote" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>Iriomote</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">jima.</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(JIR190717_49, 54), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:CCC4ED9C6EBF8501E07980BB860A3519" country="Japan" latitude="24.396667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="123.803055" municipality="Iriomote" name="Tropical Biosphere Research Center" stateProvince="Tokyo">Tropical Biosphere Research Center</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="24.396667">24°23'48&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="123.803055">123°48'11&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="m" value="33.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2019-07-27" valueMax="2019-07-28" valueMin="2019-07-27">27-28/VII/2019</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-06-29" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Taiwan" elevation="778" latitude="24.903889" location="Mt." longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.49611" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="New Taipei City">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
: N. 
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(TNT180629_03, 04, 09), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:9DC9A89EC2D5C34A1CC2322B434DCAD6" country="Taiwan" latitude="24.903889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.49611" name="Mt." stateProvince="New Taipei City">Mt.</location>
ShiZaiTou, 
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="New Taipei">New Taipei City</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="24.903889">24°54'14&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="121.49611">121°29'46&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.779999999999999" unit="m" value="778.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.779999999999999" unit="m" value="778.0">778 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2018-06-29">29/VI/2018</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-07-06" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Taiwan" elevation="602" latitude="24.88139" location="Mt. Ta Tung" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.56861" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="New Taipei City">
<specimenCount type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
(TNT180706_01, 04, 06-08), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:85DED0FBC7857345A94E41A59C3DA637" country="Taiwan" latitude="24.88139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.56861" name="Mt. Ta Tung" stateProvince="New Taipei City">Mt. Ta Tung</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="New Taipei">New Taipei City</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="24.88139">24°52'53&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="121.56861">121°34'07&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.02" unit="m" value="602.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.02" unit="m" value="602.0">602 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2018-07-06">6/VII/2018</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">C.</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TN181022" collectingDate="2018-10-23" collectorName="HauChuan Liao" country="Taiwan" elevation="92" latitude="23.849167" location="Sun Moon Lake" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="120.93778" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Nantou County">
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. 
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/TN181022">TN181022</accessionNumber>
_40, 47); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3C338E9BA75C1ABDE16E935BC7927C:13554BF7017156D2E3E94179FEF54CB6" country="Taiwan" latitude="23.849167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="120.93778" name="Sun Moon Lake" stateProvince="Nantou County">Sun Moon Lake</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="Nantou">Nantou County</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="23.849167">23°50'57&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="120.93778">120°56'16&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="92.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="92.0">92 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. 
<collectorName>HauChuan Liao</collectorName>
leg. (sweeping); 
<collectingDate value="2018-10-23">23/X/2018</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686047" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 19.</emphasis>
Sensilla placodea (red) and sensilla basiconica (blue) in female wasps, with SEM image. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Westwood, 1874" authorityName="Sawada, Terayama &amp; Mita" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Apenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apenesia makiharai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makiharai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Apenesia makiharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JO180206">JO180206</accessionNumber>
_01 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Terayama" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Eleganesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleganesia takasago" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasago">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eleganesia takasago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/TP170606">TP170606</accessionNumber>
_C2 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Terayama, Xu &amp; He" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Pristepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristepyris zhejiangensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristepyris zhejiangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/JM090717">JM090717</accessionNumber>
_28 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Propristocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propristocera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Propristocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Scale bars: 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
in light microscope images; 50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in SEM images.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Due to the new combination of &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Pristepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristepyris minutus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristepyris minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; to the genus 
<taxonomicName genus="Elganesia" lsidName="Elganesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elganesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the &quot;Key to Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alencar &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Eleganesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleganesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eleganesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on male morphology&quot; given in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.07.010" author="Liao, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="62 - 79" refId="B23" refString="Liao, H, Terayama, M, Eguchi, K, 2021. Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Eleganesia Alencar &amp; Azevedo, 2018 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 294: 62 - 79, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.07.010" title="Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Eleganesia Alencar &amp; Azevedo, 2018 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.07.010" volume="294" year="2021">Liao et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
is updated and given as Appendix 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype of &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Liao &amp; Terayama &amp; Eguchi" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Pristepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristepyris takasago" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasago">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristepyris takasago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; was unable to be discriminated morphologically from 
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(including the holotype). Therefore, the former is herein synonymised under the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In the present phylogenetic tree (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. ML tree based on the 28 S + COI dataset (1,075 bp in length). Ultrafast bootstrap (UFB), SH-aLRT and posterior probability (pp) values are given beside the nodes. The values were omitted when UFB &lt;95, SH-aLRT &lt;80 and pp &lt;0.90. Tips are labelled with specimen ID. Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis; Yakushima, Yakushima Island; Amami, Amami-Oshima Island; Okinawa, Okinawa-Hontou Island; Irabu, Irabu-jima Island; N. Taiwan, Northern Taiwan; C. Taiwan, Central Taiwan; E. Taiwan, Eastern Taiwan; S. Taiwan, Southern Taiwan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686031" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was subdivided into three (or four) lineages, i.e. Lineage 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“X”">&quot;X&quot;</normalizedToken>
from the Kanto area of Japan to Okinawa-Hontou; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Y”">&quot;Y&quot;</normalizedToken>
from Ishigaki-jima to Taiwan and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Z”">&quot;Z&quot;</normalizedToken>
from Taiwan. The lineages also showed differences in the shape of the lobate extension of the ventral valve of aedeagus (Lineage X as in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male genitalia A, C (JO 190717 _ 13) from Okinawa-Hontou Island B (holotype) D (JA 170808 _ 13) from Amami-Oshima Island E (JI 170808 _ 31) F (JI 170808 _ 35) from Ishigaki-jima Island G (TNT 180706 _ 01) H (TNT 180706 _ 06) from Taiwan A hypopygium B, C, E, G genitalia (and aedeagus) in ventral view D, F, H aedeagus in outer-lateral view; arrows show morphological variation in ventral valve of aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17C, D; Y</figureCitation>
as Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male genitalia A, C (JO 190717 _ 13) from Okinawa-Hontou Island B (holotype) D (JA 170808 _ 13) from Amami-Oshima Island E (JI 170808 _ 31) F (JI 170808 _ 35) from Ishigaki-jima Island G (TNT 180706 _ 01) H (TNT 180706 _ 06) from Taiwan A hypopygium B, C, E, G genitalia (and aedeagus) in ventral view D, F, H aedeagus in outer-lateral view; arrows show morphological variation in ventral valve of aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17E, F; Z</figureCitation>
as Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male genitalia A, C (JO 190717 _ 13) from Okinawa-Hontou Island B (holotype) D (JA 170808 _ 13) from Amami-Oshima Island E (JI 170808 _ 31) F (JI 170808 _ 35) from Ishigaki-jima Island G (TNT 180706 _ 01) H (TNT 180706 _ 06) from Taiwan A hypopygium B, C, E, G genitalia (and aedeagus) in ventral view D, F, H aedeagus in outer-lateral view; arrows show morphological variation in ventral valve of aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17G, H</figureCitation>
). However, there was no remarkable difference among them in external morphology and hypopygium (excluding weak variation in head sculpture as seen in Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male, holotype A head in full-face view B antenna (right) C mandible D mesosoma in lateral view E mesosoma in dorsal view F Forewing G hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686042" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Eleganesia minuta comb. nov., male A, C-H JO 190717 _ 13 B JIR 190717 _ 54 A, B head in full-face view C antenna (left) D mandible E mesosoma in lateral view F mesosoma in dorsal view G forewing H hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686043" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. &quot; Pristepyris takasago &quot;, male, holotype A head in full-face view B antenna (right) C mandible D mesosoma in lateral view E mesosoma in dorsal view F forewing G hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1102.84953.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/686044" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16A</figureCitation>
) and also no differences in the 28S sequence (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. The minimal interspecific distances calculated, based on the 28 S and COI sequence datasets. Upper diagonal shows the distance in K 2 P model and lower diagonal shows the distance in p distance (%). N, number of specimens; max p, maximum p distance within the species; max K 2 P, maximum distance in K 2 P model within the species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/224A1219C865C292CBAAF01B80A632BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="224A1219C865C292CBAAF01B80A632BD">2</tableCitation>
). As the lineages were parapatric or allopatric in the area of Taiwan and the Ryukyus, in the present study, the Lineage X, Y and Z are conspecific and treated as 
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is also possible that further taxon sampling and integrative taxonomy may reveal several cryptic species within 
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and determine one of them as &quot; 
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. takasago" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="takasago">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. takasago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (see also 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Discussion”">&quot;Discussion&quot;</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Hokkaido to Ryukyus in Japan (
<bibRefCitation author="Terayama, M" journalOrPublisher="Touka Shobo Co, Fukuoka, Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Terayama, M, 2006. The Insects of Japan (Hymenoptera), Vol. 1. Touka Shobo Co, Fukuoka, Japan" title="The Insects of Japan (Hymenoptera), Vol. 1." year="2006">Terayama 2006</bibRefCitation>
), northern South Korea (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.534191" author="Lim, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="435 - 460" refId="B24" refString="Lim, J, Terayama, M, Koh, S, Lee, J, Lee, S, 2011. A taxonomic review of the subfamily Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History 45 (7-8): 435 - 460, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.534191" title="A taxonomic review of the subfamily Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.534191" volume="45" year="2011">Lim et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), northern and central Taiwan; evergreen broadleaf forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>