130 lines
14 KiB
XML
130 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.19961" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37b2a078-3f92-4ec2-b892-d3e0a567f7d8" ID-PMC="PMC6624213" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-1" ID-PubMed="31327927" ID-ZBK="11140DC997444A479EC83AF9E2891BAB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 860" ModsDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, and Calcaxonia – Part I: Introduction, species of Scleraxonia and Holaxonia (Family Acanthogorgiidae)" checkinTime="1562310422136" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="C2CFA9B83F11C6880C2B823D2474A970" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 1-66" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.19961" docTitle="Acanthogorgia species A" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="843C0C24FF815E5FFFDD405D045AFFC6" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, and Calcaxonia - Part I: Introduction, species of Scleraxonia and Holaxonia (Family Acanthogorgiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668167476853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, and Calcaxonia - Part I: Introduction, species of Scleraxonia and Holaxonia (Family Acanthogorgiidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>860</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>66</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.19961</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.19961</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">11140DC997444A479EC83AF9E2891BAB</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">11140DC997444A479EC83AF9E2891BAB</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525321" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2CFA9B83F11C6880C2B823D2474A970" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2CFA9B83F11C6880C2B823D2474A970" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="species A" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia species A</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figures 13, 14A, B, 15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cannot be indicated at this time.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cannot be indicated at this time.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1 lot (see Appendix 1: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Colonies (two) generally in one plane; one measures 7.0 cm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.5 cm (length to width); second (Figure 13) measures 9.0 cm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.5 cm, at widest, halfway up colony. Thin, delicate-looking branches (round to slightly square in shape); branching more or less dichotomous; closely monopodial. No flattening at branch origins. Base 2.0 mm wide, main branch 1.0 mm wide; branchlets vary between 0.5-0.75 mm wide and tips of branchlets very thin, thread-like; all branches quite stiff. Coenenchyme very thin (very little still present in these specimens); axis predominantly exposed, yellow-gold to rusty-brown. Of the few polyps present on a few branches, most located near branch tips (Figure 14A); coenenchyme and polyps creamy-white. Polyps primarily sit lateral to branch, at distance of ~1.0 mm or less from each other; closer to branch tip sitting literally side by side; some few branches indicate that polyps can be found on all sides. There are marked, longitudinal grooves/ridges at distal ends of polyps; there is barely apparent a very short little spiny crown at their very tip (Figure 14B). The ridges, eight in number, are each formed by a parallel collection of two or three bent spindle-type sclerites. Polyp surface densely covered with sclerites; no calyx apparent. Polyp height 3.0 mm, 2.0 mm from base to area of longitudinal grooves with another 1.0 mm of height when area of grooves/ridges included. All approximately 1.0 mm wide, distal end slightly wider, somewhat obvious, ~1.5 mm wide. No expanded tentacles readily visible (contracted over mouth); all heavily covered or encased by sclerites. Sclerites (Figures 15, A particularly) predominantly bent spindles; all tuberculated across entire surface, averaging 0.5 mm long by 0.08 mm wide. The largest (~0.7 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
~0.1 mm), decidedly bent spindles; these form the eight ridges mentioned above; others appear to lie in longitudinal direction up to and beyond upper edge of polyp, barely showing as short points of a crown. Bent spindles, somewhat smaller, almost tend to the formation of the en chevron, double-row pattern at the proximal end of ridges and down on to lower end of polyp. Also, less bent ones, seemingly very narrow spindles (0.6 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.05 mm); few appear slightly club-shaped (average 0.4 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.06 mm), primarily from lower polyp wall and coenenchyme. Sclerites with boomerang shape scarce or not present. From initial light microscopy examination, apparent that many of these spindles can be broken; many odd-shaped bits seen in arrays, with some of the spindles having oddly truncated ends, where some aspect of the sclerites likely had broken off. All forms quite densely arrayed on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="specimen’s">specimen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
surface, giving polyp and branch coenenchyme a distinct white to glassy appearance; all sclerites colorless. Inner coenenchyme radiates not found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species A, SBMNH 423075. Of tissue present, polyps readily visible, colony measuring ~ 9.0 cm in height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 14.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species A, SBMNH 423075. A Closer view of polyps present at tips of several branches; polyp height 3.0 mm tall, 1.0 mm broad B further magnification of polyps. Barely visible at distal end of several polyps, the weakly developed crown of sclerites can be seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 15.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species A, SBMNH 423075, SEM image. Sclerites from these colonies are white, rather than clear. A Coronal sclerites B, C smaller coenenchymal sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
It is possible that these specimens, and several others in the collections either at CAS or NMNH, Smithsonian (not yet identified to species), could be first records of appearance for this species in, or near boundaries of, the California Bight. Description here is based on two specimens, which in overall colony appearance superficially look very similar to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nutting’s">Nutting's</normalizedToken>
|
||
photographs (1912: pl 11, fig 1, 1a), shown for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muriceides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muriceides cylindrica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cylindrica">Muriceides cylindrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which Nutting established as a new species. However, the sclerites illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 104" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" volume="43" year="1912">Nutting (1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl 20, fig 3), while of comparable size to that indicated for the species described here, do not match. In considering overall appearance of polyps on the branches, and the manner in which sclerites covered the surface of the polyps from distal to proximal ends, a generic best fit occurred working from an illustration that was given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bayer (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acalycigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acalycigorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acalycigorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, KE" journalOrPublisher="Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queensland, Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" title="Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the tropical shallow-water genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea." year="2001">Fabricius and Alderslade (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have stated that "(m)any species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the polyp sclerites are so short that there is little or no projecting crown, erroneously appear in the literature under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acalycigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acalycigorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acalycigorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1919.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acalycigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acalycigorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acalycigorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is actually a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most species referred to the former should be called
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
." This is supported in the WoRMS Data Base (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cordeiro, R" journalOrPublisher="American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125293" year="2018 e">Cordeiro et al. 2018e</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for taxon information regarding status of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acalycigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acalycigorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acalycigorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It now remains to be seen if the species described here is indeed one of the 61 species listed as accepted by the Data Base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |