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<document id="747D380B8F2E18F9DA34FAC85441FED0" ID-CLB-Dataset="273364" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2023.2242100" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eca95e40-d3e6-4af9-86cb-00b235b4799b" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10018289" ID-ZooBank="C05EEC28-9936-41CB-BC9E-D990AE53B3B1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1696936895449" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Suárez-Morales, Eduardo &amp; Mercado-Salas, Nancy F." docDate="2023" docId="463387F19C33FFDC1A63FB76FCC3ED5B" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.57.25-28.1312-1330.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 57 (25 - 28)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2242100" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cymbasoma pedroi Suarez-Morales and Mercado-Salas 2023, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1327" masterDocId="BA0AFF899C39FFCC1B4FFFC9FFFAEE11" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Cymbasoma (Multicrustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida: Monstrillidae) from the North Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="1330" masterPageNumber="1312" pageNumber="1321" updateTime="1697635383189" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="64286CBC14F0D5B9133B70CC5EBA5337">Two new species of Cymbasoma (Multicrustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida: Monstrillidae) from the North Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3BF50BDA307DDC8E1CBD8B2EB310AD2C">Suárez-Morales, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D2D6EF127CE995859D2932B861DB513">Mercado-Salas, Nancy F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4D20C9FBC83BC0B0B8AAF7991B6C290C">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7B7BF7F0C705EB1D2F43D7EAF78DB33A">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="433AED8FBFAE13485E27A22457FCEC6F">2023-10-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2246C76B1FF8273E09BCBDEBE13ED43A">25 - 28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="463387F19C33FFDC1A63FB76FCC3ED5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8428016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8428016" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:463387F19C33FFDC1A63FB76FCC3ED5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/463387F19C33FFDC1A63FB76FCC3ED5B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1327" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">
<subSubSection id="8680656C9C33FFC61A63FB76FC0DEAC8" box="[300,1015,1215,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C33FFC61A63FB76FC0DEAC8" blockId="10.[300,1015,1215,1241]" box="[300,1015,1215,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">
<heading id="956D818B9C33FFC61A63FB76FC0DEAC8" box="[300,1015,1215,1241]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C33FFC61A63FB76FC56EAC8" authority="Suarez-Morales and Mercado-Salas" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[300,940,1215,1241]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C33FFC61A63FB76FDF0EAC8" box="[300,522,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">Cymbasoma pedroi</emphasis>
Suárez-Morales and Mercado-Salas
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C33FFC618FCFB76FC0DEAC8" bold="true" box="[947,1015,1215,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C33FFC618FCFB76FC0DEAC8" box="[947,1015,1215,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8680656C9C33FFC61909FB3DFD24EB1F" box="[582,734,1268,1294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C33FFC61909FB3DFD24EB1F" blockId="10.[582,734,1268,1294]" box="[582,734,1268,1294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">
(
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C33FFC61901FB3DFD43EB1F" box="[590,697,1268,1294]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">Figures 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C33FFC61988FB3DFD2CEB1F" box="[711,726,1268,1294]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8680656C9C33FFC11BEFFA82FEFAEF31" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1324" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C33FFC61BEFFA82FE85EB74" blockId="10.[160,1156,1355,1624]" box="[160,383,1355,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C33FFC61BEFFA82FE85EB74" bold="true" box="[160,383,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C33FFC61BEFFAA7FF2AE849" blockId="10.[160,1156,1355,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">
<materialsCitation id="7EF23CBA9C33FFC61BEFFAA7FF2AE849" collectingDate="2011-09-13" collectionCode="ZMH" collectorName="Station M" country="Iceland" location="Museum of Nature Hamburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C33FFC61BEFFAA7FEE8EB99" bold="true" box="[160,274,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">
<typeStatus id="112188459C33FFC61BEFFAA7FEF7EB99" box="[160,269,1390,1416]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
One adult female (
<collectionCode id="A88BAE229C33FFC61AB4FAA6FDC8EB99" box="[507,562,1391,1416]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
K-62094), partially dissected, semi-permanent slide mounted on glycerine, sealed with acrylic nail varnish; deposited in the Crustacea Collection of the
<location id="CB45603C9C33FFC61A26FA7DFD4DEBDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:463387F19C33FFDC1A63FB76FCC3ED5B:CB45603C9C33FFC61A26FA7DFD4DEBDC" box="[361,695,1460,1485]" country="Iceland" name="Museum of Nature Hamburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">Museum of Nature Hamburg</location>
, Zoology. Specimen with cephalothorax partially twisted and both antennules broken off from sampling or previous manipulation and preservation. Material collected off the coast of north-west
<collectingCountry id="B68D76779C33FFC6183EFA30FC3EE803" box="[881,964,1529,1554]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">Iceland</collectingCountry>
; Cruise IceAge 1,
<collectorName id="636F53319C33FFC61BEFF9D5FEF0E824" box="[160,266,1564,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321">Station M</collectorName>
85/3-1104 (66°38.600̍N, 024°31.970̍W), collected
<date id="BA2410279C33FFC61877F9D5FBEFE824" box="[824,1045,1564,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" value="2011-09-13">
<collectingDate id="AA60E9CF9C33FFC61877F9D5FBEFE824" box="[824,1045,1564,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1321" value="2011-09-13">13 September 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
by Saskia Brix.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="9AE5666F9C32FFC71BD0F969FE43E93D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1322" startId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" targetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C32FFC71BD0F969FE43E93D" blockId="11.[159,1155,1696,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1322">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C32FFC71BD0F969FF02E8A6" bold="true" box="[159,248,1696,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1322">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C32FFC71BB1F969FE54E8A6" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[254,430,1696,1719]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="11" pageNumber="1322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C32FFC71BB1F969FE54E8A6" box="[254,430,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1322">Cymbasoma pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C32FFC71AFEF969FE00E8A6" box="[433,506,1696,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1322" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype; ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9AE5666F9C35FFC01BEFFA70FB7EE872" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1323" startId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" targetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C35FFC01BEFFA70FB7EE872" blockId="12.[160,1157,1465,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1323">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C35FFC01BEFFA70FF01EBC1" bold="true" box="[160,251,1465,1488]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1323">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C35FFC01A4CFA70FE47EBC1" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[259,445,1465,1488]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="12" pageNumber="1323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C35FFC01A4CFA70FE47EBC1" box="[259,445,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1323">Cymbasoma pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFF08FECCEECA" blockId="13.[160,1155,193,288]" box="[160,310,193,219]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C34FFC11BEFFF08FECCEECA" bold="true" box="[160,310,193,219]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Type locality</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFF2CFEFAEF31" blockId="13.[160,1155,193,288]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
North-west
<collectingCountry id="B68D76779C34FFC11A6AFF2CFE8CEEEF" box="[293,374,229,254]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Iceland</collectingCountry>
(66°38.600̍N, 024°31.970̍W). Epibenthic sledge trawled at a depth of
<quantity id="09629B029C34FFC11BEFFECEFF06EF31" box="[160,252,263,288]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.188" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" unit="m" value="118.8">118.8 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8680656C9C34FFC11BEFFEAAFCC1EFF5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFEAAFEE7EF6C" blockId="13.[160,1156,355,484]" box="[160,285,355,381]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C34FFC11BEFFEAAFEE7EF6C" bold="true" box="[160,285,355,381]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFE4FFCC1EFF5" blockId="13.[160,1156,355,484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
The species name is dedicated to our colleague and friend Prof. Dr Pedro Martinez Arbizu (Senckenberg Research Institute) for his relevant contributions to the systematics of the
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C34FFC11BEFFE02FEEDEFF5" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[160,279,459,484]" class="Copepoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Copepoda</taxonomicName>
. Name in genitive case; the gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8680656C9C34FFC11BEFFDEFFEB1ED47" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFDEFFEEEEC51" blockId="13.[160,1155,550,854]" box="[160,276,550,576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C34FFC11BEFFDEFFEEEEC51" bold="true" box="[160,276,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFD83FEB1ED47" blockId="13.[160,1155,550,854]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C34FFC11BEFFD83FED3EC72" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[160,297,586,611]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C34FFC11BEFFD83FED3EC72" box="[160,297,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with robust, medially expanded cephalothorax, forehead anteriorly produced into subtriangular swelling, with wrinkled surface, antennules absent in
<typeStatus id="112188459C34FFC11F50FDA4FB79EC97" box="[1055,1155,621,646]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">holotype</typeStatus>
except for first segment; genital somite with conspicuous rounded protuberances on posterolateral margins; anal somite more than half as long as genital double-somite, with deep constriction on outer margins. Fifth leg bilobed, endopodal and exopodal lobes fused, forming thick cylindrical ramus armed with three subequally long setae; inner protuberance representing endopodal lobe unarmed, located close to distal margin of fifth leg ramus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8680656C9C34FFC21BEFFC51FEE9EA71" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1325" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFC51FE1EEDA3" blockId="13.[160,1157,920,1639]" box="[160,484,920,946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C34FFC11BEFFC51FE1EEDA3" bold="true" box="[160,484,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Description of adult female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11BEFFC72FE21E833" blockId="13.[160,1157,920,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
Body shape and tagmosis as usual in female
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C34FFC119BFFC72FE98EDE6" authority="(Suarez-Morales and McKinnon 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C34FFC119BFFC72FC87EDC5" box="[752,893,955,980]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C34FFC118DDFC72FEA0EDE6" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon 2016</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Total body length of
<typeStatus id="112188459C34FFC119CDFC17FD12EDE6" box="[642,744,990,1015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">holotype</typeStatus>
individual =
<quantity id="09629B029C34FFC118DBFC17FBFBEDE6" box="[916,1025,990,1015]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" unit="mm" value="2.07">2.07 mm</quantity>
, measured from anterior end of cephalothorax to posterior margin of anal somite. Cephalothorax length =
<quantity id="09629B029C34FFC11A9EFBEAFDC5EA2D" box="[465,575,1059,1084]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" unit="mm" value="1.02">1.02 mm</quantity>
, representing about 49% of total body length (
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11BE7FB8FFEF2EA4E" box="[168,264,1094,1119]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Oral cone located 0.18 of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (oc in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11BBEFBA0FEAEEA93" box="[241,340,1129,1154]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Cephalic region tapering on anterior 1/5, forehead anteriorly produced into medial subtriangular swelling ornamented with irregular pattern of cuticular wrinkles. Middle section of cephalothorax expanded, with rounded margins (
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11BE7FB18FEEFEAFB" box="[168,277,1233,1258]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figures 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11A16FB18FE92EAFB" box="[345,360,1233,1258]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">4</figureCitation>
(a)). Naupliar eyecups present, two lateral cups larger than medial cup, unpigmented, rounded in dorsal view. Forehead swelling with confluent pattern of cuticular striations (fh in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11AA9FADFFDBDEB3E" box="[486,583,1302,1327]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(a)). Two large, rounded nipple-like integumental processes (nlp in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11A21FAF0FE37EB43" box="[366,461,1337,1362]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 3</figureCitation>
) located ventrally between antennule bases and oral cone. Paired nipple-like integumental processes large, with adjacent field of transverse striae (str in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11A7AFAB7FE6EEB86" box="[309,404,1406,1431]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Antennules absent, broken off during collection and handling, only first segment left, but short, slender element 1 (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C34FFC118C5FA68FF22EBCD" author="Grygier MJ &amp; Ohtsuka S" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" pagination="703 - 719" refId="ref8687" refString="Grygier MJ, Ohtsuka S. 1995. SEM observation of the nauplius of Monstrilla hamatapex, new species, from Japan and an example of upgraded descriptive standards for monstrilloid copepods. J Crust Biol. 15: 703 - 719. doi: 10.1163 / 193724095 X 00118." type="journal article" year="1995">Grygier and Ohtsuka 1995</bibRefCitation>
) is still present (* in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11A84FA0AFDD0EBCD" box="[459,554,1475,1500]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Structure of legs 1–4, including armature formula, as in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C34FFC11B90FA2FFE84EBEE" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[223,382,1510,1535]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C34FFC11B90FA2FFE84EBEE" box="[223,382,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C34FFC11AC8FA2FFE1AEBEE" box="[391,480,1510,1535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Basipodal seta of leg 3 not noticeably longer than that of other legs (bs in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC11A22F9C0FE34E833" box="[365,462,1545,1570]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C34FFC11B8FF9E2FD21E876" blockId="13.[160,1157,920,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">
Coxae of legs 1–4 smooth, joined by smooth subrectangular intercoxal sclerite about 1.3 times as long as broad (white dots in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C34FFC1193DF987FD34E876" box="[626,718,1614,1639]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1324">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C37FFC21B8FFF08FCFDEF99" blockId="14.[160,1157,193,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">
Fifth legs each with single ramus, proximally separate, fifth leg rami arising ventrally from distal part of fifth pedigerous somite; outer (exopodal) lobe subrectangular, robust, broad, armed with two distal and one subdistal setae, subequal in length and breadth (
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21BE7FEE0FEFDEF53" box="[168,263,297,322]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(d,e)). Inner (endopodal) lobe almost entirely fused to exopodal ramus, observable as an inner protuberance of the exopodal ramus, not reaching its distal margin. Endopodal lobe unarmed, smooth (enp in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC219CEFEA6FD27EF99" box="[641,733,367,392]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(e)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C37FFC21B8FFE58FC5FEDE9" blockId="14.[160,1157,193,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">
Urosome relatively short, consisting of fifth pedigerous somite, genital double-somite, one free abdominal (anal) somite, and furca. Urosome accounting for 18.4% of total body length. Genital double-somite representing slightly less than half (45.2%) of urosome length (
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21BB2FE30FEA5EC03" box="[253,351,505,530]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(c)). Genital somite roughly cylindrical, with proximal half bilaterally expanded, rounded. Somite with cuticular wrinkles on lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21883FDD5FBD1EC24" box="[972,1067,540,565]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(b)) and with conspicuous rounded protuberances on posterolateral corners of somite (gs in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21BEFFDA8FF05EC6B" box="[160,255,609,634]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 3</figureCitation>
), processes laterally (arrow in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC2192FFDA8FD45EC6B" box="[608,703,609,634]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(d)) and dorsally (arrows in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC218B0FDA8FBA5EC6B" box="[1023,1119,609,634]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(d)) visible. Medial ventral surface of genital double-somite moderately swollen, bearing long, basally conjoined ovigerous spines (osp in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC219C8FD6EFD1EECD1" box="[647,740,679,704]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21851FD6EFC87ECD1" box="[798,893,679,704]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(b,d)). Ovigerous spines relatively long, about 34% of total body length, reaching beyond distal end of furcal setae. Anal somite (as in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21A20FD25FE31ED14" box="[367,459,748,773]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 3</figureCitation>
slightly less than half (45.2%) as the length of genital double-somite, bell-shaped, with strong outer constriction (notch) and weak suture visible laterally on outer margins (st in
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21943FCF8FD90ED5B" box="[524,618,817,842]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1153,189,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[163,1153,189,1434]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Cymbasoma pedroi from off North-west Iceland, adult female holotype. (a) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (b) urosome and fifth legs, lateral view; (c) urosome, dorsal view; (d) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; (e) distal part of fused fifth leg ramus. Abbreviations: as, anal somite; bs, basal seta; con, lateral constriction; enp, endopod lobe; exp, exopod lobe; exs, terminal exopodal spine; fh, forehead; gs, genital somite; ovs, ovigerous spines; st, suture; str, striae. Arrows in (b), (c) and (d) indicate posterolateral protuberances of genital double-somite. Scale bars: a–d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018299/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(b)). Ratio of lengths of fifth pedigerous somite, genital double-somite and anal somite: 26.1:45.2:28.7 = 100. Furca subrectangular, 1.4 times as long as wide, moderately divergent, bearing three strong and subequally long terminal setae, as usual in genus. Furcal setation incomplete in
<typeStatus id="112188459C37FFC21822FC50FC2BEDA3" box="[877,977,921,946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen, with two furcal seta broken off on right ramus, but leaving two sockets from which to infer original setation; left ramus with setation complete (
<quantity id="09629B029C37FFC219A0FC16FCCEEDE9" box="[751,820,991,1016]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="56A12A629C37FFC21873FC16FC62EDE9" box="[828,920,991,1016]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[159,224,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,182,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[162,1152,182,1665]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Cymbasoma pedroisp.nov.from north-west Iceland,adult female holotype;ventral view of whole specimen.Image from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Abbreviations:1-4, purported position of antennule segments 1-4; antennule; as, anal somite; bs, basipodal seta; cr, furcal ramus; exs, terminal exopodal spine; gs, genital somite; oc, oral cone; ovs, ovigerous spines; P1-P4, legs 1-4. Asterisk indicates anteriorly produced forehead." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10018297/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C37FFC21BEFFBEAFF20EA2C" blockId="14.[160,275,1059,1120]" box="[160,218,1059,1085]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C37FFC21BEFFBEAFF20EA2C" bold="true" box="[160,218,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C37FFC21BEFFB8EFEE9EA71" blockId="14.[160,275,1059,1120]" box="[160,275,1095,1120]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8680656C9C37FFDC1BEFFB42FCC3ED5B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1327" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C37FFC21BEFFB42FEFCEAB4" blockId="14.[160,1156,1163,1709]" box="[160,262,1163,1189]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C37FFC21BEFFB42FEFCEAB4" bold="true" box="[160,262,1163,1189]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C37FFC31BEFFB66FBEFEC03" blockId="14.[160,1156,1163,1709]" lastBlockId="15.[160,1156,193,1709]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1326" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">
Despite its damaged parts, likely resulting from the sampling method, the
<typeStatus id="112188459C37FFC21F51FB66FB79EAD9" box="[1054,1155,1199,1224]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen was still in reasonably good condition for taxonomic study. The absence of both antennules in the
<typeStatus id="112188459C37FFC21AF9FB3DFDE0EB1C" box="[438,538,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen was not an obstacle in assigning it to the genus
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C37FFC21BA2FADEFE8EEB21" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[237,372,1303,1328]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C37FFC21BA2FADEFE8EEB21" box="[237,372,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it clearly shows the characters recognised by
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C37FFC218E9FADEFE98EB43" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon (2016)</bibRefCitation>
as distinctive of the genus, including the presence of only one free somite between the female genital double-somite, and the armature of the furca consisting of only three furcal setae (
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C37FFC21ABBFAB6FD96EB89" author="Isaac MJ" box="[500,620,1407,1432]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref8932" refString="Isaac MJ. 1975. Copepoda, sub-order: Monstrilloida. Fich Ident Zoopl. 144 / 145: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1975">Isaac 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C37FFC21936FAB6FBF4EB89" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" box="[633,1038,1407,1432]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The new species can be easily recognised by several characters: (1) an anteriorly produced subtriangular forehead furnished with cuticular wrinkles; (2) fifth leg with outer and inner lobes almost completely fused, forming a thick lobe armed with three distal setae and with reduced endopodal lobe; (3) presence of rounded processes on the posterolateral margin of the genital double-somite; and (4) anal somite with deep notch and suture. This combination of characters is unique and has not been observed in any other species of
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C37FFC21BEFF9B8FEDDE89B" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[160,295,1649,1674]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C37FFC21BEFF9B8FEDDE89B" box="[160,295,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An anteriorly produced forehead is rare among species of
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C37FFC21888F9B8FBB4E89B" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[967,1102,1649,1674]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C37FFC21888F9B8FBB4E89B" box="[967,1102,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">Cymbasoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it is known in the Australian
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C37FFC21AF3F95DFC23E8BC" authority="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon, 2016" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" authorityYear="2016" box="[444,985,1684,1709]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C37FFC21AF3F95DFDC8E8BC" box="[444,562,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C37FFC21974F95DFC23E8BC" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" box="[571,985,1684,1709]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1325" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and also, with weaker expressions, in the Caribbean
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC3191CFF08FBB5EECB" authority="Suarez-Morales and Gasca, 1998" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and Gasca" authorityYear="1998" box="[595,1103,193,218]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC3191CFF08FD22EECB" box="[595,728,193,218]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. bowmani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC319AEFF08FBB5EECB" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; Gasca R" box="[737,1103,193,218]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="433 - 439" refId="ref9641" refString="Suarez-Morales E, Gasca R. 1998. Cymbasoma bowmani n. sp. a new monstrilloid (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a Caribbean reef, with notes on species variation. J Mar Syst. 15 (1 - 4): 433 - 439. doi: 10.1016 / S 0924 - 7963 (97) 00092 - 4." type="journal article" year="1998">Suárez-Morales and Gasca, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31BEFFF2DFC9CEEEC" authority="Suarez-Morales, Carrillo and Morales-Ramirez, 2013" authorityName="Suarez-Morales, Carrillo and Morales-Ramirez" authorityYear="2013" box="[160,870,228,253]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvaroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31BEFFF2DFEF1EEEC" box="[160,267,228,253]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. alvaroi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31A58FF2DFC9CEEEC" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; Carrillo A &amp; Morales-Ramirez A" box="[279,870,228,253]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="619 - 638" refId="ref9515" refString="Suarez-Morales E, Carrillo A, Morales-Ramirez A. 2013. Report on some monstrilloids (Crustacea: Copepoda) from a reef area off the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, Central America with description of two new species. J Nat Hist. 47 (5 - 12): 619 - 638. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2012.742933." type="journal article" year="2013">Suárez-Morales, Carrillo and Morales-Ramírez, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31881FF2DFD71EF31" authority="Suarez-Morales and Morales-Ramirez, 2003" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and Morales-Ramirez" authorityYear="2003" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concepcionae">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31881FF2DFB79EEEC" box="[974,1155,228,253]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. concepcionae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31BEFFECEFD71EF31" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; Morales-Ramirez A" box="[160,651,263,288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="206 - 214" refId="ref9842" refString="Suarez-Morales E, Morales-Ramirez A. 2003. A new species of Cymbasoma (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America. Proc Biol Soc Wash. 116: 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Suárez-Morales and Morales-Ramírez, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31A33FEE0FE14EF53" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" authorityYear="2016" box="[380,494,297,322]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31A33FEE0FE14EF53" box="[380,494,297,322]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of the genital double-somite (strongly globose in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31BF2FE85FEC8EF74" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" authorityYear="2016" box="[189,306,332,357]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31BF2FE85FEC8EF74" box="[189,306,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and in the shape and structure of the fifth legs, with a distinct inner lobe (
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31BEAFEA6FDC5EF99" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" box="[165,575,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon 2016</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 42E); in both
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC3185DFEA6FC6CEF99" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and Gasca" authorityYear="1998" box="[786,918,367,392]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC3185DFEA6FC6CEF99" box="[786,918,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. bowmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC3189DFEA6FB79EF99" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and Morales-Ramirez" authorityYear="2003" box="[978,1155,367,392]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concepcionae">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC3189DFEA6FB79EF99" box="[978,1155,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. concepcionae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the fifth leg is uniramous and the anal somite is unmodified (
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31815FE58FF2DEFDC" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; Gasca R" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="433 - 439" refId="ref9641" refString="Suarez-Morales E, Gasca R. 1998. Cymbasoma bowmani n. sp. a new monstrilloid (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a Caribbean reef, with notes on species variation. J Mar Syst. 15 (1 - 4): 433 - 439. doi: 10.1016 / S 0924 - 7963 (97) 00092 - 4." type="journal article" year="1998">Suárez-Morales and Gasca 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31BAAFE7DFD3FEFDC" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; Morales-Ramirez A" box="[229,709,436,461]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="206 - 214" refId="ref9842" refString="Suarez-Morales E, Morales-Ramirez A. 2003. A new species of Cymbasoma (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America. Proc Biol Soc Wash. 116: 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Suárez-Morales and Morales-Ramírez 2003</bibRefCitation>
), thus diverging from the new species, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31A6DFE1EFE70EFE1" authorityName="Suarez-Morales, Carrillo and Morales-Ramirez" authorityYear="2013" box="[290,394,471,496]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvaroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31A6DFE1EFE70EFE1" box="[290,394,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. alvaroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the forehead is unornamented, the anal somite is unmodified, and the fifth leg has a short, distinct inner lobe (
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC319C1FE30FC4FEC03" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; Carrillo A &amp; Morales-Ramirez A" box="[654,949,505,530]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="619 - 638" refId="ref9515" refString="Suarez-Morales E, Carrillo A, Morales-Ramirez A. 2013. Report on some monstrilloids (Crustacea: Copepoda) from a reef area off the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, Central America with description of two new species. J Nat Hist. 47 (5 - 12): 619 - 638. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2012.742933." type="journal article" year="2013">
Suárez-Morales
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC3180EFE30FC8BEC03" box="[833,881,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C36FFC31B8FFDD5FBBDED39" blockId="15.[160,1156,193,1709]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">
The new species
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31AC9FDD5FE13EC24" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[390,489,540,565]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31AC9FDD5FE13EC24" box="[390,489,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assignable to the
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31995FDD5FCB6EC24" authorityName=", Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2006" box="[730,844,540,565]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31995FDD5FCB6EC24" box="[730,844,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Completely fused outer and inner fifth leg lobes have been reported in two species related to
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31BEFFDA8FEEBEC6B" authorityName=", Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,273,609,634]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31BEFFDA8FEEBEC6B" box="[160,273,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as in the illustrated records of
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC319CFFDA8FD0BEC6B" authorityName=", Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2006" box="[640,753,609,634]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC319CFFDA8FD0BEC6B" box="[640,753,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="B68D76779C36FFC31877FDA8FC60EC6B" box="[824,922,609,634]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">Scotland</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31888FDA8FBAAEC6B" author="Scott T" box="[967,1104,609,634]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="242 - 260" refId="ref9322" refString="Scott T. 1904. IV - Notes on some rare and interesting marine Crustacea. 22 Ann Rep Fish Bd Scot. Part III: 242 - 260." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott (1904)</bibRefCitation>
and by
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31B89FD4DFE52EC8C" author="Bernier R &amp; Klassen G &amp; Locke A" box="[198,424,644,669]" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana." pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="649 - 661" part="75" refId="ref8199" refString="Bernier R, Klassen G, Locke A. 2002. Occurrence of Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson, 1888 (Copepoda, Monstrilloida) in estuaries of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Crustaceana. 75: 649 - 661." title="Occurrence of Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson, 1888 (Copepoda, Monstrilloida) in estuaries of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada" type="journal article" year="2002">
Bernier
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31A6FFD4DFEA8EC8C" box="[288,338,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="B68D76779C36FFC31ABEFD4DFDB2EC8C" box="[497,584,644,669]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">Canada</collectingCountry>
. A genital double-somite with posterolateral protuberances has been reported in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31972FD6EFD44ECD1" authorityName="Suarez-Morales &amp; McKinnon" authorityYear="2016" box="[573,702,679,704]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenticula">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31972FD6EFD44ECD1" box="[573,702,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. lenticula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC3184BFD6EFEACECF3" authority="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon, 2016" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" authorityYear="2016" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrolabe">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC3184BFD6EFC74ECD1" box="[772,910,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. astrolabe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC318D4FD6EFEACECF3" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both from
<collectingCountry id="B68D76779C36FFC31A91FD00FDB8ECF3" box="[478,578,713,738]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31902FD00FCDBECF3" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[589,801,713,738]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31902FD00FCDBECF3" box="[589,801,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">Cymbasoma pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C36FFC31866FD00FC7BECF3" box="[809,897,713,738]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from these two species in the fifth leg structure; also, in both Australian species the inner lobe is clearly separated from the outer lobe (
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC3194DFCC6FC6DED39" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" box="[514,919,783,808]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon 2016</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 44E, 39A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C36FFC31B8FFCF8FE55E879" blockId="15.[160,1156,193,1709]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">
The new species
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31A38FCF8FE29ED5B" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[375,467,817,842]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31A38FCF8FE29ED5B" box="[375,467,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C36FFC31A96FCF8FDD7ED5B" box="[473,557,817,842]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
shows several affinities with members of the
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31F58FCF8FB79ED5B" authorityName=", Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2006" box="[1047,1155,817,842]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31F58FCF8FB79ED5B" box="[1047,1155,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. The main defining characters of the group are based on descriptions and illustrations by
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31A1FFCBEFDE2ED81" author="Thompson IC" box="[336,536,887,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="145 - 156" refId="ref10045" refString="Thompson IC. 1888. Copepoda of Madeira and the Canary Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. J Linn Soc Lond. 20: 145 - 156. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1888. tb 01443. x." type="journal article" year="1888">Thompson (1888)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31968FCBEFD32ED81" author="Bourne GC" box="[551,712,887,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="565 - 578" refId="ref8243" refString="Bourne GC. 1890. Notes on the genus Monstrilla, Dana. Q J Microsc Sci. 30 (4): 565 - 578." type="journal article" year="1890">Bourne (1890)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31998FCBEFC9BED81" author="Scott T" box="[727,865,887,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="242 - 260" refId="ref9322" refString="Scott T. 1904. IV - Notes on some rare and interesting marine Crustacea. 22 Ann Rep Fish Bd Scot. Part III: 242 - 260." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott (1904)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC3183FFCBEFC14ED81" author="Sars GO" box="[880,1006,887,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="91" refId="ref9246" refString="Sars GO. 1921. An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. In: Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. Vol. VII. Bergen: The Bergen Museum; p. 91, pls. I-XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31F7DFCBEFEBFEDA3" author="Suarez-Morales E" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="171 - 179" refId="ref9383" refString="Suarez-Morales E. 2006. Validation and redescription of Cymbasoma germanicum (Timm) (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Helgoland with comments on C. rigidum Thompson. Helgol Mar Res. 60: 171 - 179. doi: 10.1007 / s 10152 - 005 - 0018 - z." type="journal article" year="2006">Suárez-Morales (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, including: (1) anal somite with constricted lateral margins and about half the length of the genital double-somite; (2) fifth leg with exopodal lobe carrying three setae, endopodal lobe partly fused, as in Bernier
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31936FC16FD53EDE9" box="[633,681,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">et al</emphasis>
.̍s (2002) record of
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31831FC16FC17EDE9" authorityName=", Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2006" box="[894,1005,991,1016]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31831FC16FC17EDE9" box="[894,1005,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="B68D76779C36FFC31F7FFC16FB79EDE9" box="[1072,1155,991,1016]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">Canada</collectingCountry>
and in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31BA5FBC8FEBDEA0B" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[234,327,1025,1050]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31BA5FBC8FEBDEA0B" box="[234,327,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C36FFC31A02FBC8FE59EA0B" box="[333,419,1025,1050]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, or separate, as in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31928FBC8FD04EA0B" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[615,766,1025,1050]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31928FBC8FD04EA0B" box="[615,766,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C36FFC3184BFBC8FCA3EA0B" box="[772,857,1025,1050]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and Bourne̍s (1890) record from
<collectingCountry id="B68D76779C36FFC31B95FBEDFECDEA2C" box="[218,311,1060,1085]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">England</collectingCountry>
; (3) cephalothorax representing about 50% of total body length; (4) ovigerous spines reaching beyond distal end of furcal setae; and (5) genital double-somite with laterally expanded proximal half, with posterolateral rounded processes (viz
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31F7FFBA0FECEEAB4" author="Suarez-Morales E" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="171 - 179" refId="ref9383" refString="Suarez-Morales E. 2006. Validation and redescription of Cymbasoma germanicum (Timm) (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Helgoland with comments on C. rigidum Thompson. Helgol Mar Res. 60: 171 - 179. doi: 10.1007 / s 10152 - 005 - 0018 - z." type="journal article" year="2006">Suárez-Morales 2006</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4b,d;
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C36FFC31AE8FB45FCCEEAB4" author="Suarez-Morales E &amp; McKinnon AD" box="[423,820,1164,1189]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref9802" refString="Suarez-Morales E, McKinnon AD. 2016. The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) II. Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888. Zootaxa Monogr. 4102: 1 - 129. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4102.1.1." type="journal article" year="2016">Suárez-Morales and McKinnon 2016</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 44F), as in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC318AFFB45FB79EAB4" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[992,1155,1164,1189]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanicum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC318AFFB45FB79EAB4" box="[992,1155,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. germanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31B9EFB66FEAAEAD9" authorityName="Suarez-Morales and McKinnon" authorityYear="2016" box="[209,336,1199,1224]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrolabe">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31B9EFB66FEAAEAD9" box="[209,336,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. astrolabe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also members of the group. Overall, it is clear to us that the new species
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31BEFFB18FEFEEAFB" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,260,1233,1258]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31BEFFB18FEFEEAFB" box="[160,260,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C36FFC31A40FB18FE90EAFB" box="[271,362,1233,1258]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be taxonomically recognised by the characters mentioned, but represents, together with
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31A88FB3DFD98EB1C" authority="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas, 2023" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[455,610,1268,1293]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31A88FB3DFD98EB1C" box="[455,610,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7DD578E9C36FFC31923FB3DFD3DEB1C" box="[620,711,1268,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the only epi-mesopelagic members of the
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31B82FADEFEC4EB21" authorityName=", Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2006" box="[205,318,1303,1328]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31B82FADEFEC4EB21" box="[205,318,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. The two new species described herein show some genera resemblances, such as the proportions of the urosomites and the general body shape, but also poorly developed eyes, equally long ovigerous spines,and equally long basipodal setae of legs 1–4; however, they differ in several respects, including: (1) the development of the fifth leg endopodal lobe, which is fused, reduced in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31981FA68FCD0EBAB" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[718,810,1441,1466]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31981FA68FCD0EBAB" box="[718,810,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and unfused, well developed in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31BEFFA0DFEC7EBCC" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,317,1476,1501]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31BEFFA0DFEC7EBCC" box="[160,317,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (2) an anteriorly produced subtriangular forehead in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC318FDFA0DFBEFEBCC" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[946,1045,1476,1501]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC318FDFA0DFBEFEBCC" box="[946,1045,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs a flat, corrugate forehead in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31ADBFA2EFDD1E811" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[404,555,1511,1536]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31ADBFA2EFDD1E811" box="[404,555,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (3) antennule lacking setal element 1 on first segment in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31BF1F9C0FEA3E833" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[190,345,1545,1570]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31BF1F9C0FEA3E833" box="[190,345,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs element 1 present in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31934F9C0FD21E833" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[635,731,1545,1570]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31934F9C0FD21E833" box="[635,731,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (4)
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC3185FF9C0FC8BE833" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[784,881,1545,1570]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC3185FF9C0FC8BE833" box="[784,881,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinctive rounded protuberances on posterolateral margins of the genital double-somite vs such processes lacking in
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C36FFC31A5FF986FE52E879" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,424,1615,1640]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C36FFC31A5FF986FE52E879" box="[272,424,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C36FFDC1B8FF9B8FD88EFBB" blockId="15.[160,1156,193,1709]" lastBlockId="16.[160,1156,193,426]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1327" pageId="15" pageNumber="1326">
The occurrence of these planktonic female monstrilloids representing two new species from epi-mesopelagic depths suggests that deeper waters could harbour an unknown diversity of monstrilloids that certainly deserves further investigation. Epibenthic sledges have been reported as efficient gear with which to sample epibenthic copepods (
<bibRefCitation id="AA0B4B169C29FFDC1F78FF2DFEEEEF31" author="Brandt A &amp; Havermans C &amp; Janussen D &amp; Jorger KM &amp; Meyer-Lobbecke A &amp; Schnurr S &amp; Schuller M &amp; Schwabe E &amp; Brandao SN &amp; Wurzberg L" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327" pagination="69 - 75" refId="ref8270" refString="Brandt A, Havermans C, Janussen D, Jorger KM, Meyer-Lobbecke A, Schnurr S, Schuller M, Schwabe E, Brandao SN, Wurzberg L. 2014. Composition and abundance of epibenthic-sledge catches in the South Polar Front of the Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res II. 108: 69 - 75. doi: 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2014.08.017." type="journal article" year="2014">
Brandt
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C29FFDC1BEFFECEFF2AEF31" box="[160,208,263,288]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
) and, in the case of the planktonic adult monstrilloids, with limited swimming capacity, specimens are likely to be obtained close to their potential hosts just within or above the epibenthic stratum; the endoparasitic juveniles would be collected together with the parasitised
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C29FFDC1AD6FEA6FDECEF99" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1850" box="[409,534,367,392]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327" phylum="Annelida" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
hosts. The sampling method arguably explains the damage observed in our
<typeStatus id="112188459C29FFDC1AF3FE58FE14EFBB" box="[444,494,401,426]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE2536E79C29FFDC1BEFFE1FFCC3ED5B" blockId="16.[160,1157,470,842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C29FFDC1BEFFE1FFE72EFE1" bold="true" box="[160,392,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">Molecular diversity.</emphasis>
In order to provide a more robust description of the new species, DNA extractions and amplifications of the nuclear large (28S) and small (18S) subunits of the rRNA and of the mitochondrial protein cytochrome
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C29FFDC1867FDD5FCC9EC24" box="[808,819,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">c</emphasis>
oxidase subunit I (COI) were carried out. From both species, sequences of the 28S and the 18S subunits were successfully produced (accession numbers in
<tableCitation id="8318035C9C29FFDC1905FDA8FD66EC6B" box="[586,668,609,634]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[160,216,192,215]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. DNA extraction ID and GenBank accession numbers for the two new species of Cymbasoma." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9AE5666F9C3DFFC81BEFFF09FB7EEEC6" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327" tableUuid="9AE5666F9C3DFFC81BEFFF09FB7EEEC6">Table 2</tableCitation>
). In the case of 18S, we targeted to amplify 1792 bp by using internal primers; however, we were able to retrieve only 1024 bp for
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C29FFDC1BEFFD6EFEC6ECD1" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,316,679,704]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C29FFDC1BEFFD6EFEC6ECD1" box="[160,316,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 1023 bp for
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C29FFDC1AB1FD6EFDA5ECD1" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[510,607,679,704]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C29FFDC1AB1FD6EFDA5ECD1" box="[510,607,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 1016 bp identical sites and 100% similarity between species. For the 28S subunit, sequences of 806 bp were produced for
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C29FFDC1BEFFD25FEBBED14" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,321,748,773]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegicum">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C29FFDC1BEFFD25FEBBED14" box="[160,321,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">C. norvegicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 780 bp for
<taxonomicName id="099A4D649C29FFDC1941FD25FD89ED14" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; Mercado-Salas" authorityYear="2023" box="[526,627,748,773]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Cymbasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedroi">
<emphasis id="FCEEEAF59C29FFDC1941FD25FD89ED14" box="[526,627,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1327">C. pedroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; these had 757 bp identical sites and 100% similarity between species. Unfortunately, we were not able to produce COI sequences despite testing a variety of primer pairs and PCR protocols.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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