173 lines
17 KiB
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173 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f01753f9-57a5-42b1-a440-db460b84ee64" ID-PMC="PMC5538003" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-668-1" ID-PubMed="28824278" ID-ZBK="A3F5117BBEAF4F6CB6E90C45EAC261A9" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-668-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 668" ModsDocTitle="A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the Northwest Atlantic" checkinTime="1492081487951" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Cordeiro, Ralf T. S." docDate="2017" docId="6A6DD46ACD93B64B959078D78A390F01" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 668: 1-10" docOrigin="ZooKeys 668" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203" docTitle="Flagelligorgia Cairns & Cordeiro, 2017, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0C142EEB-5AD6-4EE5-A654-F0C5DD669E79" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="7957C344FFAA40014A75A709FFAA4655" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the Northwest Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164394211" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the Northwest Atlantic</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>668</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-668-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A3F5117BBEAF4F6CB6E90C45EAC261A9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F5117BBEAF4F6CB6E90C45EAC261A9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="128527511" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0C142EEB-5AD6-4EE5-A654-F0C5DD669E79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A6DD46ACD93B64B959078D78A390F01" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0C142EEB-5AD6-4EE5-A654-F0C5DD669E79" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia gracilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">Flagelligorgia gracilis</taxonomicName>
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, here designated. Gender: feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Colonies unbranched (flagelliform), loosely coiled, attached by a holdfast; axis composed of undulating concentric layers (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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, 2D). Polyps arranged biserially. Body wall and coenenchymal scales elongate, smooth scales. Polyps lack an operculum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Until 1956 (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
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) the
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysogorgiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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had been divided into three subfamilies, one being the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Lepidogorgiinae">Lepidogorgiinae</taxonomicName>
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Versluys, 1902, consisting of genera with an unbranched colony and lacking polyp opercula. However, the subfamily classification has been ignored for decades and is not supported by molecular evidence. Nonetheless, it is incumbent to compare
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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to the four other unbranched chrysogorgiid genera.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Helicogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Helicogorgia</taxonomicName>
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Bayer, 1981, known only from the east coast of Africa at 66-775 m depth range, is unbranched but has its polyps arranged in a multiserial fashion on one side of the stem, a naked track displayed on the opposite side. Furthermore, its body wall scales are irregular plates and its coenenchymal scales are spindles. For all of these reasons
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Helicogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Helicogorgia</taxonomicName>
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is easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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. Based on sequencing of three genes,
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<bibRefCitation author="Pante, E" journalOrPublisher="PLoS One" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Deep-sea origin and in-situ diversification of chrysogorgiid octocorals" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038357" volume="7" year="2012">Pante et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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indicate that
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Helicogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Helicogorgia</taxonomicName>
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might constitute a family on its own, as sister to the
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysogorgiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Helicogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Helicogorgia</taxonomicName>
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was revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, GC" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="181 - 296" title="The Alcyonacea of southern Africa. Gorgonian octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa)." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40683324" volume="101" year="1992">Williams (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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, recognizing four species in the African coast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chalcogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chalcogorgia</taxonomicName>
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Bayer, 1949, known only from its type locality off northwestern Cuba at 708 m depth, is also unbranched and has biserially arranged polyps, like
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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, but differs in having eight triangular opercular scales on each polyp, and body wall scales shaped as irregularly shaped platelets. According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Pante, E" journalOrPublisher="PLoS One" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Deep-sea origin and in-situ diversification of chrysogorgiid octocorals" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038357" volume="7" year="2012">Pante et al. (2012</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="start">8</pageBreakToken>
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), based on "very limited data,"
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chalcogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chalcogorgia</taxonomicName>
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was suggested to ally with
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Helicogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Helicogorgia</taxonomicName>
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, and thus also outside of the MCC.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Distichogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Distichogorgia</taxonomicName>
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Bayer, 1979, known only from the Blake Plateau off Florida at 814 m depth, is unbranched and has biserially arranged polyps, but differs in having unique body wall scales consisting of two fans of longitudinally arranged, blade-like scales, one on each side of the polyp, interspersed with tiny pointed sclerites, similar to its coenenchymals.
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<bibRefCitation author="Pante, E" journalOrPublisher="PLoS One" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Deep-sea origin and in-situ diversification of chrysogorgiid octocorals" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038357" volume="7" year="2012">Pante et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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did not report sequencing data for this genus, but based on its biserially polyps, they suggested an affinity with
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Helicogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Helicogorgia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chalcogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chalcogorgia</taxonomicName>
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in a family separate from the
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysogorgiidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Perhaps most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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is the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicipes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Radicipes</taxonomicName>
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Stearns, 1883, consisting of 9-10 species (see
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cordeiro et al., in press</bibRefCitation>
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), which occurs worldwide at depths of 241-3580 m.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicipes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Radicipes</taxonomicName>
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is unbranched but differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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in having uniserially arranged polyps, and a body wall and coenenchymal sclerites that are rod-shaped to compressed rod-shaped. Furthermore, chrysogorgiids (MCC), including
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicipes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Radicipes</taxonomicName>
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, are characterized by having an axis formed by non-undulated (smooth) concentric layers (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
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), which is not the case for
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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. Based on molecular evidence
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<bibRefCitation author="Pante, E" journalOrPublisher="PLoS One" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Deep-sea origin and in-situ diversification of chrysogorgiid octocorals" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038357" volume="7" year="2012">Pante et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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placed
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicipes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Radicipes</taxonomicName>
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firmly in the
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysogorgiidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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clade (MCC), as the sister genus to
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chrysogorgia</taxonomicName>
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. Lacking molecular evidence for
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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(all specimens are quite old), it is not possible at this time to determine if it is allied with
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicipes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Radicipes</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysogorgiidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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(based on similarity of body wall sclerites) or the other cluster of genera including
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Helicogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Helicogorgia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chalcogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chalcogorgia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Distichogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Distichogorgia</taxonomicName>
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(based on polyp arrangement), which may constitute an as yet undescribed family.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Off Southeastern United States from North Carolina to Florida, 196-567 m depths.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The name is a combination of flagellum (Latin for small whip) and gorgia (a common octocoral suffix and once the name of the order
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Calcaxonia" order="Gorgonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="order">Gorgonacea</taxonomicName>
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, the name derived from the mythical female monster, the Gorgon), in reference to the flagelliform nature of the colony.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |