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<mods:title id="54866A7F2D25668910C95CF9173A4D19">A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D6C389FDFD97FD7B0A03DCC8B597D04">Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="49F9727FD51B2DAAE18CF3D6291DC1E7">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, conjunto Presidente Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58050 - 000, Brazil &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB 58429 - 500, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EEA41CD0616CD5163783C696EEA88776">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="50E64C8D4CE1BBAAF391D35D54021B28">Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="74E73C1D83318B3C62AB7B4C61AC6F11">Ferraris Jr, Carl J.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEEFFA80EDFF9ECFACB4C4A" blockId="9.[923,1376,1594,1621]" box="[923,1376,1594,1621]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
<heading id="D0AD2D0DFFEEFFA80EDFF9ECFACB4C4A" bold="true" box="[923,1376,1594,1621]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="435" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFEEFFA80EDFF9ECFACB4C4A" ID-CoL="66C7" ID-ENA="1198623" authority="Betancur-R. &amp; Acero P., 2007" authorityName="Betancur-R. &amp; Acero P." authorityYear="2007" box="[923,1376,1594,1621]" family="Ariidae" genus="Occidentarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEEFFA80EDFF9ECFACB4C4A" bold="true" box="[923,1376,1594,1621]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEEFFA80EDFF9ECFB8D4C4B" bold="true" box="[923,1062,1594,1621]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">Occidentarius</emphasis>
Betancur-R. &amp; Acero P., 2007
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFEEFFA80968F9B1FB7B4C9F" box="[1068,1232,1639,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEEFFA80968F9B1FB7B4C9F" blockId="9.[1068,1232,1639,1665]" box="[1068,1232,1639,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEEFFA80968F9B1FB7B4C9F" bold="true" box="[1068,1232,1639,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
(
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFEEFFA80972F9B1FB3B4C9F" box="[1078,1168,1639,1665]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="3.[129,194,1805,1829]" captionStartId-1="3.[825,890,1803,1827]" captionStartId-2="4.[113,178,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,776,143,1771]" captionTargetBox-1="[843,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,708,146,1775]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@3.[152,744,149,1755]" captionTargetId-1="figure-61@3.[851,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetId-2="figure-643@4.[149,717,144,1776]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Figure 1. MP analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." captionText-1="Figure 2. ML analysis. Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green). Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." captionText-2="Figure 3. BI analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240122" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240126" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240122/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11240126/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFEEFFA809DEF9B1FB6F4C9F" box="[1178,1220,1639,1665]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="10.[113,178,1621,1645]" captionStartId-1="11.[129,194,523,547]" captionTargetBox-0="[116,1458,151,1592]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1473,144,495]" captionTargetId-0="figure-144@10.[114,1458,144,1593]" captionTargetId-1="figure-722@11.[129,1473,144,495]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="Figure 7. Representative skull, in dorsal view, and distribution of the Ariinae incertae sedis. A, Occidentarius platypogon, catfishesbone. acnatsci.org." captionText-1="Figure 8. Occidentarius platypogon, BMNH 1864.1.26.316-319, eastern Pacific, type species of the genus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240135" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240137" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11240135/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240137/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">78</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFEEFFA80E7DF97EFAAA4CDE" box="[825,1281,1704,1728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEEFFA80E7DF97EFAAA4CDE" blockId="9.[825,1281,1704,1728]" box="[825,1281,1704,1728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEEFFA80E7DF97EFC1E4CA1" box="[825,949,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
<typeStatus id="54E124C3FFEEFFA80E7DF97EFCC24CA1" box="[825,873,1704,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFEEFFA80EFEF97EFB564CDE" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[954,1277,1704,1728]" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platypogon">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEEFFA80EFEF97EFBCB4CDE" box="[954,1120,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">Arius platypogon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE790FFEEFFA80922F97EFB564CDE" author="Gunther A" box="[1126,1277,1704,1728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435" refId="ref30224" refString="Gunther A. Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum, vol. 5. - Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1864, xxii + 455 p." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFEEFFAB090BF936FEF54DD2" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="436" pageId="9" pageNumber="435" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEEFFA8090BF936FB074CE7" blockId="9.[1103,1196,1760,1785]" box="[1103,1196,1760,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEEFFA8090BF936FB074CE7" box="[1103,1196,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEEFFAB0E7DF8D0FEF54DD2" blockId="9.[825,1475,1798,1978]" lastBlockId="10.[113,763,1721,1996]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="436" pageId="9" pageNumber="435">
Posterior branch of lateral ethmoid depressed (13, 0&gt; 1); fenestra delimited by lateral ethmoid and frontal very small or indistinct (17, 1&gt; 0); temporal fossa absent (38, 0&gt; 1); epioccipital contacting small narrow area of diagonal crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra (44, 2&gt; 0); ventral crest of parieto-supraoccipital process well-developed through entire extension of process (48, 0&gt; 1); transverse crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra very high (200, 0&gt; 1); median crest associated with neural spine of third vertebra very high (201, 0&gt; 1); median crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra very high (202, 0&gt; 1).
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0CFDF8E1FD1B4D50" box="[441,688,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Ambiguous optimization:</emphasis>
Vomer lateral processes wide (53, 1&gt; 0); tooth plates associated with vomer present (55, 0&gt; 1); subvertebral process indistinct or weakly developed (78, 1&gt; 0); dorsal crest of urohyal projected anteriorly (156, 0&gt; 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF25CAE9FFEDFFAB0D35F983FF424C97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240135/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" startId="10.[113,178,1621,1645]" targetBox="[116,1458,151,1592]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEDFFAB0D35F983FF424C97" blockId="10.[113,1381,1621,1673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0D35F983FF614C70" bold="true" box="[113,202,1621,1646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Representative skull, in dorsal view, and distribution of the
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFEDFFAB0E47F983FCE24C73" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[771,841,1621,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="434" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ariinae">Ariinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0E0BF980FC6E4C73" box="[847,965,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">incertae sedis</emphasis>
. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFEDFFAB0EAEF983FB794C73" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1002,1234,1621,1645]" family="Ariidae" genus="Occidentarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platypogon">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0EAEF983FB794C73" box="[1002,1234,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Occidentarius platypogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, catfishesbone. acnatsci.org.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFEDFFAB0962F96FFB734CE9" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEDFFAB0962F96FFB1C4CCD" blockId="10.[810,1240,1721,1784]" box="[1062,1207,1721,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0962F96FFB1C4CCD" box="[1062,1207,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Included species</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEDFFAB0E6EF936FB734CE9" blockId="10.[810,1240,1721,1784]" box="[810,1240,1759,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFEDFFAB0E6EF936FB7F4CE9" ID-CoL="48BRQ" authority="(Gunther, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[810,1236,1759,1784]" family="Ariidae" genus="Occidentarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platypogon">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0E6EF936FB8A4CE6" box="[810,1057,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Occidentarius platypogon</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE790FFEDFFAB096AF936FB604CE9" author="Gunther A" box="[1070,1227,1759,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" refId="ref30224" refString="Gunther A. Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum, vol. 5. - Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1864, xxii + 455 p." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFEDFFAB0E6EF8CFFAD54D2F" box="[810,1406,1817,1841]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEDFFAB0E6EF8CFFAD54D2F" blockId="10.[810,1406,1817,1841]" box="[810,1406,1817,1841]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0E6EF8CFFBB44D2F" box="[810,1055,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Habitat and distribution:</emphasis>
Marine, western America (
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFEDFFAB0871F8CFFAC64D2E" box="[1333,1389,1817,1841]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[116,1458,151,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-144@10.[114,1458,144,1593]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Representative skull, in dorsal view, and distribution of the Ariinae incertae sedis. A, Occidentarius platypogon, catfishesbone. acnatsci.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240135/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFEDFFAA0900F886FED2489B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEDFFAB0900F886FB334D74" blockId="10.[1092,1176,1872,1898]" box="[1092,1176,1872,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0900F886FB334D74" box="[1092,1176,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFEDFFAA0E6EF8A1FED2489B" blockId="10.[810,1459,1911,1998]" lastBlockId="11.[129,778,590,645]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFEDFFAB0EE2F8A1FB874D91" box="[934,1068,1911,1935]" family="Ariidae" genus="Occidentarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB0EE2F8A1FB874D91" box="[934,1068,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">Occidentarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was well defined in previous morphological and molecular studies (Marceniuk and Menezes 2003, Betancur-R. 2009,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE790FFEDFFAB097FF860FA8C4DD0" author="Marceniuk AP &amp; Menezes NA &amp; Britto MR" box="[1083,1319,1974,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="436" pagination="534 - 669" refId="ref30859" refString="Marceniuk AP, Menezes NA, Britto MR. Phylogenetic analysis of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes), with a hypothesis on the monophyly and relationships of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 165: 534 - 669. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00822. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Marceniuk
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFEDFFAB09F0F860FB424DD0" box="[1204,1257,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="436">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), which was corroborated in the present analysis, but without consensus regarding its relationships.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>