197 lines
23 KiB
XML
197 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1F716A2ED3F936E7AD01C95D31CAC053">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E8892D5E82B1C221D4466E3E9C0FD4D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4003AC31DE616135BFCB636F0DF97C8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED67AAE8103E1691743388E6A4EE9EB3">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:placeTerm id="15DDE14B54379E85E2F88C82C0FA4A6F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="44C84859237F497978DA14A9DCE1992D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFED2024089D1742009FF4F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6711649" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6711649" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFED2024089D1742009FF4F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFED2024089D1742009FF4F9" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089D17420DCDFC93" box="[1450,1530,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089D17420DCDFC93" blockId="67.[1446,2540,798,920]" box="[1450,1530,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED2024089D17420DCDFC93" box="[1450,1530,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFED2024089D17420DCDFC93" box="[1450,1530,798,840]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="64.[116,146,3216,3241]" captionTargetBox="[13,2749,15,3648]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="On following pages: 149. Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsyivanicus); 150. Long-tailed Vole (Microtus longicaudus); 151. Creeping Vole (Microtus oregoni); 152. Major's Pine Vole (Microtus majori); 153. Common Pine Vole (Microtus subterraneus); 154. Caucasian Pine Vole (Microtus daghestanicus); 155. Alpine Pine Vole (Microtus multiplex); 156. Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole (Microtus liechtensteini); 157. Tatra Pine Vole (Microtus tatricus): 158. Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus); 159. Lusitanian Pine Vole (Microtus lusitanicus); 160. Pyrenean Pine Vole (Microtus gerbil); 161. Savi's Pine Vole (Microtus savii): 162. Calabria Pine Vole (Microtus brachycercus); 163. Sicilian Pine Vole (Microtus nebrodensis); 164. Thomas's Pine Vole (Microtus thomasi); 165. Balkan Pine Vole (Microtus felteni); 166. Schelkovnikov's Pine Vole (Microtus schelkovnikovi): 167. Harting's Vole (Microtus hartingi); 168. Levant Vole (Microtus guentheri); 169. Dogramaci’s Vole (Microtus dogramacii); 170. Cyrenaica Vole (Microtus mustersi); 171. Social Vole (Microtus socialis): 172. Anatolian Vole (Microtus anatolicus): 173. Iranian Vole (Microtus iran); 174. Kopet Dag Pine Vole (Microtus paradoxus); 175. Common Vole (Microtus arvalis); 176. Altai Vole (Microtus obscurus); 177. East European Vole (Microtus mystacinus); 178. Kerman Vole (Microtus kermanensis); 179. Transcaspian Vole (Microtus transcaspicus); 180. Tian Shan Vole (Microtus ilaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708419/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">156.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED20240B3C17420020FC93" box="[1547,2071,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED20240B3C17420020FC93" blockId="67.[1446,2540,798,920]" box="[1547,2071,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED20240B3C17420020FC93" box="[1547,2071,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240B3C17420020FC93" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1547,2071,798,840]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024056A174201DBFC93" box="[2141,2540,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024056A174201DBFC93" blockId="67.[1446,2540,798,920]" box="[2141,2540,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED2024056A174201DBFC93" box="[2141,2540,798,840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024056A174201DBFC93" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[2141,2540,798,840]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024056A174201DBFC93" box="[2141,2540,798,840]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Microtus liechtensteini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089017060FFCFC43" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED20240890170601DFFCB4" blockId="67.[1446,2540,798,920]" box="[1447,2536,858,879]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED20240890170601DFFCB4" box="[1447,2536,858,879]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089017060DC5FCB4" bold="true" box="[1447,1522,858,879]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED202408CC17060F2FFCB4" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1531,1816,858,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">Campagnol de Liechtenstein</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED20240A1917060FBFFCB4" bold="true" box="[1838,1928,858,879]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240AA5170600B0FCB4" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1938,2183,858,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">lllyrische Kleinwihimaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED202405AB170600C0FCB4" bold="true" box="[2204,2295,858,879]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED202405CA170601DFFCB4" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[2301,2536,858,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">Topillo de Liechtenstein</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089117DF0FFCFC43" blockId="67.[1446,2540,798,920]" box="[1446,1995,899,920]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFED2024089117DF0FFCFC43" box="[1446,1995,899,920]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089117DF0EAAFC43" bold="true" box="[1446,1693,899,920]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240B9F17DF0FFCFC43" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1704,1995,899,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240B9F17DF0F6CFC43" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1704,1883,899,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">Bavarian Pine Vole</vernacularName>
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(
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFED20240A5D17DF0FF2FC43" ID-CoL="7VV8Q" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1898,1989,899,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">bavaricus</vernacularName>
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)
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024053D179B004FFB80" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024053D179B004FFB80" blockId="67.[2058,2654,967,1390]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024053D179B0091FC3F" bold="true" box="[2058,2214,967,996]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240581179B0067FBD7" authority="Wettstein, 1927" authorityName="Wettstein" authorityYear="1927" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">Pitymys liechtensteini Wettstein, 1927</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFED2024055017B3026EFBE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814478" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFED2024055017B30094FBD7" box="[2151,2211,1007,1036]" name="Serbia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Mali</collectingCountry>
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Rajinac near Krasno, Velebit Mountains, NW segment of Dinaric Alps,
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</materialsCitation>
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Croatia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024053B1039020AF9EF" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024053B1039020AF9EF" blockId="67.[2058,2654,967,1390]" lastBlockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024053B10390128FB59" baseAuthorityName="Wettstein" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[2060,2335,1125,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liechtensteini">Microtus liechtensteini</taxonomicName>
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is in subgenus Terricola and
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024057A10D00088FB72" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[2125,2239,1164,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplex">multiplex</taxonomicName>
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species group. It is closely related to M.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024058310EC0111FB0A" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[2228,2342,1200,1233]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplex">multiplex</taxonomicName>
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and was synonymized with it in the past. These two species have distinct diploid number of chromosomes: 2n = 46 in lLechtensteini and 2n = 48 in
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240722117B0009FAB5" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplex">multiplex</taxonomicName>
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. Their distributions marginally overlap, and a natural hybrid was found in the parapatric zone. Individuality of the two species has been confirmed by molecular markers. The name bavaricus had been used for a small isolated population around Garmisch-Partenkirchen in southern Bavaria (Germany) and adjacent Tyrol (Austria), butit is now synonymized with lechtensteini. It was previously classified in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240A1B124F0FBDF9EF" box="[1836,1930,1555,1588]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pitymys</taxonomicName>
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. Subspecific taxonomy is not resolved. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED20240890126600CFF958" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFFED20240890126600CFF958" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760651/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" startId="67.[1447,1619,1594,1627]" targetBox="[1444,2035,971,1385]" targetPageId="67">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED20240890126600CFF958" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089012660E6FF980" bold="true" box="[1447,1624,1594,1627]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E Alps and Dinaric Alps in extreme S Germany, W & S Austria, NE Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, W Bosnia and Herzegovina, and W Serbia.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089F12D50F41F83C" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089F12D50F41F83C" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089F12D50EA8F971" bold="true" box="[1448,1695,1673,1706]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 88-115 mm,tail 27-40 mm; weight 14-32-5 g. Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole is moderately large, with shorttail, tiny eyes, and short ears. There are five plantar pads, and females have only four nipples, specifically two inguinal pairs. Fur is soft, dense, and long, dark brown above and gray on belly. Hair bases are slate. Skull is lightly built, rather low and slightly bowed in profile, and without supraorbital ridges. Interorbital region is flat and wide, and braincase is relatively large. Mandible is weak. Upperincisors are slightly proodont. Molars resemble pattern of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024048013290210F84D" box="[2487,2599,1909,1942]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microtus</taxonomicName>
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. M, normally has five inner and four outer reentrant angles. M” has four salient angles on inner side and 3-4 on outerside.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089F13B00E0DF75E" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089F13B00E0DF75E" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089F13B00E2FF7D6" bold="true" box="[1448,1560,2028,2061]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Early successional stages, forest edges, and clearings with dense lush vegetation and light humid soil from sea level up to elevations of ¢.1960 m. Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole is most abundant in zones of montane forest and dwarf pine (
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024048E1C670231F787" authorityName="Perry" authorityYear="1811" box="[2489,2566,2107,2140]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
mugo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED2024089E1C340E1BF75E" box="[1449,1580,2152,2181]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089E1CD60EC1F692" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089E1CD60EC1F692" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089E1CD60E85F770" bold="true" box="[1449,1714,2186,2219]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
About one-half (48-1%) of diet of Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole consists of green dicotyledonous plants, in particular of buttercups (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED202404591CED027AF709" box="[2414,2637,2225,2258]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), pinks (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240B3A1C800ECCF722" box="[1549,1787,2268,2297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), heathers (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED20240A9D1C80000FF722" box="[1962,2104,2268,2297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and dogbanes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFED202404031C8001C2F722" box="[2356,2549,2268,2297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Close to one-tenth (9-3%) of the diet consists of flowers, seeds, fruits, fungi, and lichens. Grasses are not favored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089E1D0F01C5F64C" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089E1D0F01C5F64C" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089E1D0F0E07F6AB" bold="true" box="[1449,1584,2387,2416]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Liechtenstein’s Pine Voles were recorded in March—-August. Numbers of embryos is 2-4/female (mean 2-6). Females have at least 2 litters/year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089F1DC10E34F5ED" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089F1DC10E34F5ED" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089F1DC10EA4F665" bold="true" box="[1448,1683,2461,2494]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole is crepuscular and nocturnal. It is fossorial and digs burrows. Entrances to tunnels are frequently sealed with small heaps of excavated soil. When they are active aboveground, they seek protection among herbaceous plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089E1E670162F587" box="[1449,2389,2619,2652]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089E1E670162F587" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" box="[1449,2389,2619,2652]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089E1E670051F587" bold="true" box="[1449,2150,2619,2652]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089D1E3E0058F508" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089D1E3E0058F508" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089D1E3E0F32F558" bold="true" box="[1450,1797,2658,2691]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. At the time of assessment in 2008, the “Bavarian Pine Vole” (M. bavaricus) was regarded a separate species and was classified as Critically Endangered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFED2024089C1EBE009FF4F9" pageId="67" pageNumber="344" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFED2024089C1EBE009FF4F9" blockId="67.[1447,2655,1401,2850]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFED2024089C1EBE0E74F520" bold="true" box="[1451,1603,2786,2811]" pageId="67" pageNumber="344">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Amori, Contoli & Nappi (2008), Hartl et al. (2000), Konig (1982), Krapp (1982b), Krystufek (1991), Spitzenberger (2001b), Storch & Winking (1977), Tvrtkovi¢ et al. (2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |