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<document id="AC0EC6482A63861F5A3748895C5E0377" ID-CLB-Dataset="80832" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6707142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab66b2b7-9544-4411-bf61-5bc3651d7bca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1656002532852" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03F06D13FFEC20250DB013630144FE67" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Cricetidae_0204.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Microtus majori Shaw 1800" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="343" masterDocId="FFC9156BFFAE20670D37145C0837FFDB" masterDocTitle="Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="535" masterPageNumber="204" pageNumber="343" updateTime="1718799336328" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="9FE65BB63BF7EF553379438E40AE5D74">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C83C856374DF8E087E9B9AAB0F72D99B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBBE5EBDB878EA6D47D0657AF920D139">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB0136308EFF8B6" blockId="66.[131,1064,1855,1945]" box="[135,216,1855,1901]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFEC20250DB0136308EFF8B6" box="[135,216,1855,1901]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<figureCitation id="1362C080FFEC20250DB0136308EFF8B6" box="[135,216,1855,1901]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="64.[116,146,3216,3241]" captionTargetBox="[13,2749,15,3648]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="On following pages: 149. Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsyivanicus); 150. Long-tailed Vole (Microtus longicaudus); 151. Creeping Vole (Microtus oregoni); 152. Major's Pine Vole (Microtus majori); 153. Common Pine Vole (Microtus subterraneus); 154. Caucasian Pine Vole (Microtus daghestanicus); 155. Alpine Pine Vole (Microtus multiplex); 156. Liechtensteins Pine Vole (Microtus liechtensteini); 157. Tatra Pine Vole (Microtus tatricus): 158. Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus); 159. Lusitanian Pine Vole (Microtus lusitanicus); 160. Pyrenean Pine Vole (Microtus gerbil); 161. Savi's Pine Vole (Microtus savii): 162. Calabria Pine Vole (Microtus brachycercus); 163. Sicilian Pine Vole (Microtus nebrodensis); 164. Thomas's Pine Vole (Microtus thomasi); 165. Balkan Pine Vole (Microtus felteni); 166. Schelkovnikov's Pine Vole (Microtus schelkovnikovi): 167. Harting's Vole (Microtus hartingi); 168. Levant Vole (Microtus guentheri); 169. Dogramacis Vole (Microtus dogramacii); 170. Cyrenaica Vole (Microtus mustersi); 171. Social Vole (Microtus socialis): 172. Anatolian Vole (Microtus anatolicus): 173. Iranian Vole (Microtus iran); 174. Kopet Dag Pine Vole (Microtus paradoxus); 175. Common Vole (Microtus arvalis); 176. Altai Vole (Microtus obscurus); 177. East European Vole (Microtus mystacinus); 178. Kerman Vole (Microtus kermanensis); 179. Transcaspian Vole (Microtus transcaspicus); 180. Tian Shan Vole (Microtus ilaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708419/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">152.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DDF13630A64F8B6" blockId="66.[131,1064,1855,1945]" box="[232,595,1855,1901]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFEC20250DDF13630A64F8B6" box="[232,595,1855,1901]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFEC20250DDF13630A64F8B6" ID-CoL="7VV8S" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[232,595,1855,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">Majors Pine Vole</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFEC20250FAD13630B84F8B6" box="[666,947,1855,1901]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250FAD13630B84F8B6" ID-CoL="7VV8S" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[666,947,1855,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250FAD13630B84F8B6" box="[666,947,1855,1901]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Microtus majori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC20250DB313230C10F84F" box="[132,1063,1919,1940]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB313230C10F84F" blockId="66.[131,1064,1855,1945]" box="[132,1063,1919,1940]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFEC20250DB313230C10F84F" box="[132,1063,1919,1940]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250DB3132308E7F84F" bold="true" box="[132,208,1919,1940]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFEC20250DEE1323099DF84F" ID-CoL="7VV8S" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[217,426,1919,1940]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">Campagnol de Major</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250C8913230A2FF84F" bold="true" box="[446,536,1919,1940]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFEC20250F1513230B25F84F" ID-CoL="7VV8S" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[546,786,1919,1940]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">Ostliche Kleinwiihimaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250E1013230BB5F84F" bold="true" box="[807,898,1919,1940]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFEC20250EBF13230C10F84F" ID-CoL="7VV8S" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[904,1063,1919,1940]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">Topillo de Major</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC20250FDE139A0C15F782" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250FDE139A0C15F782" blockId="66.[744,1338,1990,2413]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250FDE139A0BB3F838" bold="true" box="[745,900,1990,2019]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250E98139A0B81F7D0" ID-CoL="7VV8S" authority="Thomas, 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori" subGenus="Pitymys">Microtus (Pitymys) majori Thomas, 1906</taxonomicName>
,
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“Sumela [= Meryemana], south of
<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFEC20250E5A1C490BCAF7E9" box="[877,1021,2069,2098]" country="Turkey" name="Trabzon" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Trebizond</collectingRegion>
[=
<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFEC202509001C490C9AF7E9" box="[1079,1197,2069,2098]" country="Turkey" name="Trabzon" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Trabzon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFEC202509F71C490D1EF7E9" box="[1216,1321,2069,2098]" name="Turkey" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Turkey</collectingCountry>
]. Altitude
<quantity id="4CA171E0FFEC20250E521C640C38F782" box="[869,1039,2104,2137]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="700.0">700-1300 m</quantity>
.”
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC20250FDD1C3C09F7F639" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250FDD1C3C09F7F639" blockId="66.[744,1338,1990,2413]" lastBlockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250FDD1C3C0B83F75A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[746,948,2144,2177]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">Microtus majori</taxonomicName>
1s in subgenus Terricola and
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250FDC1CDB0BBCF773" baseAuthorityName="Selys-Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[747,907,2183,2216]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterraneus">subterraneus</taxonomicName>
species group. Molecular reconstructions suggest sister position of
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250FDC1C8A0B00F72C" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[747,823,2262,2295]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
: against the monophyletic lineage of
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250E2B1CA10B8BF6C5" baseAuthorityName="Selys-Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[796,956,2301,2334]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterraneus">subterraneus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC2025092A1CA10CF8F6C5" baseAuthorityName="Shidlovsky" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1053,1231,2301,2334]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daghestanicus">daghestanicus</taxonomicName>
. Taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250EFB1D780C4AF69E" baseAuthorityName="Shidlovsky" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[972,1149,2340,2373]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daghestanicus">daghestanicus</taxonomicName>
as a separate species was retrieved from chromosomal evidence in early 1970s. Earlier,
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250F631D2F0A93F64F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[596,676,2419,2452]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">majori</taxonomicName>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250E001D2F0BD0F64F" baseAuthorityName="Shidlovsky" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[823,999,2419,2452]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daghestanicus">daghestanicus</taxonomicName>
and was not clearly delimited against
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250C6C1DC609CCF660" baseAuthorityName="Selys-Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[347,507,2458,2491]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterraneus">subterraneus</taxonomicName>
. In the past,
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250F981DC60B18F660" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[687,815,2458,2491]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majori">M. majori</taxonomicName>
was classified in genus
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC202509451DC60CE4F660" box="[1138,1235,2458,2491]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Pitymys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pitymys</taxonomicName>
. Three subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF268C8DFFEC20250DB41DB4096AF57C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760641/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" startId="66.[131,285,2536,2569]" targetBox="[130,721,1995,2409]" targetPageId="66">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB41DB40A24F5D2" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" box="[131,531,2536,2569]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250DB41DB40A24F5D2" bold="true" box="[131,531,2536,2569]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB31E4C0BA2F5EA" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" box="[132,917,2576,2609]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250DB31E4C0BA2F5EA" authority="Thomas, 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[132,917,2576,2609]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="majori">M.m.majoriThomas,1906—NETurkeyandWGeorgia.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB31E640C4AF582" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" box="[132,1149,2616,2649]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250DB31E640C4AF582" authority="Ognev, 1924" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" box="[132,1149,2616,2649]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="aiscaucasicus">M.m.aiscaucasicusOgnev,1924—NslopesofGreaterCaucasusinRussia.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB31E03096AF57C" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250DB31E030A08F55B" authority="Heptner, 1948" authorityName="Heptner" authorityYear="1948" box="[132,575,2655,2688]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="major" subSpecies="suramensis">M. m. suramensis Heptner, 1948</taxonomicName>
— S slopes of Greater Caucasus in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB51EEA099AF43A" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250DB51EEA09B8F514" bold="true" box="[130,399,2742,2767]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 90-112 mm, tail 32-49 mm; weight 20-29 g. Majors Pine Vole is similar to the Common Pine Vole (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFEC20250E931E850CB2F52D" baseAuthorityName="Selys-Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[932,1157,2777,2806]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterraneus">M. subterraneus</taxonomicName>
) but decidedly darker, with relatively longer tail (35-45% of head-body length). Pelage is mummy brown above and slaty gray below. Females have three pairs of nipples: one pectoral pair and two inguinal pairs. Skull is deeper and more robust and has wider interorbital region than the Common Pine Vole. Dorsal profile is bowed or flat. Upper incisors are orthodont, and molars are essentially as in the Common Pine Vole.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC20250DB51FB50C6DF3EA" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB51FB50C6DF3EA" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250DB51FB508C6F3D1" bold="true" box="[130,241,3049,3082]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Habitat.</emphasis>
Rocky and humid places in mixed or deciduous forests, clearings, forest edge, and subalpine meadows, most commonly at elevations of 800-1400 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC20250DB5186B0A70F37D" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB5186B0A70F37D" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250DB5186B09BBF383" bold="true" box="[130,396,3127,3160]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Green plants dominate spring and summer diets of Majors Pine Voles, seeds in autumn, and roots, tubers, and bulbs in winter. Spring caches can contain up to 1 kg of plant material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC20250DB518F10B1CF29F" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB518F10B1CF29F" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250DB518F1093FF315" bold="true" box="[130,264,3245,3278]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Breeding.</emphasis>
Majors Pine Voles breed year-round in Armenia and seasonally elsewhere. Breeding starts in April-May, depending on elevation. There are up to 4 litters/season. Numbers of embryos are 2-4/female (mean 2-8). Females mature in their birth year and can have up to two litters before winter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC20250DB719130BE8F248" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC20250DB719130BE8F248" blockId="66.[125,1335,2419,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC20250DB71913095CF2B7" bold="true" box="[128,363,3407,3436]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Majors Pine Vole is predominantly nocturnal. It lives in shallow burrows excavated on its own but also seeks shelter among rocks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC202508B5157901EBFE9D" box="[1410,2524,293,326]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC202508B5157901EBFE9D" blockId="66.[1409,2613,293,449]" box="[1410,2524,293,326]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC202508B515790009FE9D" bold="true" box="[1410,2110,293,326]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Majors Pine Vole is colonial.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC202508B5150C01ABFEB6" box="[1410,2460,336,365]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC202508B5150C01ABFEB6" blockId="66.[1409,2613,293,449]" box="[1410,2460,336,365]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC202508B5150C0EE8FEB6" bold="true" box="[1410,1759,336,365]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFEC202508B515200144FE67" pageId="66" pageNumber="343" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFEC202508B515200144FE67" blockId="66.[1409,2613,293,449]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFEC202508B515200E2CFE4E" bold="true" box="[1410,1563,380,405]" pageId="66" pageNumber="343">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Achverdjan et al. (1992), Baskevich (1997), Baskevich et al. (2015), Gromov &amp; Erbajeva (1995), Krystufek &amp; Vohralik (2005), Macholéan, Filippucci &amp; Zima (2001), Shenbrot &amp; Krasnov (2005).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>