194 lines
22 KiB
XML
194 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F05D05D5BCD2BD1D376C0093EE90A439">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8063A0D993131CD59F57F257DCE8D7C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90CED0AAC7C927C10BFC910FC888A35E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="996174581316F0F1EA24A99CDC01AEF5">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="DC559BB151AB3D63F2D198076426AE83">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="1A593E36B89B65FD93DAA55EA7D108DC">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFE2202B0DB6113A01D3FDD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6725345" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6725345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFE2202B0DB6113A01D3FDD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFE2202B0DB6113A01D3FDD4" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0DB6113A08E7FA43" box="[129,208,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0DB6113A08E7FA43" blockId="76.[124,1099,1382,1510]" box="[129,208,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE2202B0DB6113A08E7FA43" box="[129,208,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFE2202B0DB6113A08E7FA43" box="[129,208,1382,1432]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="64.[116,146,3216,3241]" captionTargetBox="[13,2749,15,3648]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="On following pages: 149. Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsyivanicus); 150. Long-tailed Vole (Microtus longicaudus); 151. Creeping Vole (Microtus oregoni); 152. Major's Pine Vole (Microtus majori); 153. Common Pine Vole (Microtus subterraneus); 154. Caucasian Pine Vole (Microtus daghestanicus); 155. Alpine Pine Vole (Microtus multiplex); 156. Liechtenstein’s Pine Vole (Microtus liechtensteini); 157. Tatra Pine Vole (Microtus tatricus): 158. Mediterranean Pine Vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus); 159. Lusitanian Pine Vole (Microtus lusitanicus); 160. Pyrenean Pine Vole (Microtus gerbil); 161. Savi's Pine Vole (Microtus savii): 162. Calabria Pine Vole (Microtus brachycercus); 163. Sicilian Pine Vole (Microtus nebrodensis); 164. Thomas's Pine Vole (Microtus thomasi); 165. Balkan Pine Vole (Microtus felteni); 166. Schelkovnikov's Pine Vole (Microtus schelkovnikovi): 167. Harting's Vole (Microtus hartingi); 168. Levant Vole (Microtus guentheri); 169. Dogramaci’s Vole (Microtus dogramacii); 170. Cyrenaica Vole (Microtus mustersi); 171. Social Vole (Microtus socialis): 172. Anatolian Vole (Microtus anatolicus): 173. Iranian Vole (Microtus iran); 174. Kopet Dag Pine Vole (Microtus paradoxus); 175. Common Vole (Microtus arvalis); 176. Altai Vole (Microtus obscurus); 177. East European Vole (Microtus mystacinus); 178. Kerman Vole (Microtus kermanensis); 179. Transcaspian Vole (Microtus transcaspicus); 180. Tian Shan Vole (Microtus ilaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708419/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">179.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0DD6113A0A6FFA43" box="[225,600,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0DD6113A0A6FFA43" blockId="76.[124,1099,1382,1510]" box="[225,600,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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||
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE2202B0DD6113A0A6FFA43" box="[225,600,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE2202B0DD6113A0A6FFA43" ID-CoL="7VV84" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[225,600,1382,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Transcaspian Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0FA9113A0C0EFA43" box="[670,1081,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0FA9113A0C0EFA43" blockId="76.[124,1099,1382,1510]" box="[670,1081,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE2202B0FA9113A0C0EFA43" box="[670,1081,1382,1432]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0FA9113A0C0EFA43" ID-CoL="7VV84" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[670,1081,1382,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0FA9113A0C0EFA43" box="[670,1081,1382,1432]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Microtus transcaspicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4A11F60A14FA3D" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4A11F60C7DFA64" blockId="76.[124,1099,1382,1510]" box="[125,1098,1450,1471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE2202B0D4A11F60C7DFA64" box="[125,1098,1450,1471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4A11F608FEFA64" bold="true" box="[125,201,1450,1471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE2202B0DE511F609F0FA64" ID-CoL="7VV84" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[210,455,1450,1471]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Campagnol transcaspien</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0CEA11F60A0FFA64" bold="true" box="[477,568,1450,1471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE2202B0F0A11F60B11FA64" ID-CoL="7VV84" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[573,806,1450,1471]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Transkaspien-Feldmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0E0B11F60BA0FA64" bold="true" box="[828,919,1450,1471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE2202B0EAA11F60C7DFA64" ID-CoL="7VV84" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[925,1098,1450,1471]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Topillo del Caspio</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4A118D0A14FA3D" blockId="76.[124,1099,1382,1510]" box="[125,547,1489,1510]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFE2202B0D4A118D0A14FA3D" box="[125,547,1489,1510]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4A118D0943FA3D" bold="true" box="[125,372,1489,1510]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFE2202B0C49118D0A14FA3D" ID-CoL="7VV84" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[382,547,1489,1510]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Middle East Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0FD512450CA1F95E" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0FD512450CA1F95E" blockId="76.[738,1330,1561,1984]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0FD512450B4AF9ED" bold="true" box="[738,893,1561,1590]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0EBA12450B1FF985" ID-CoL="7VV84" authority="Satunin" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Microtus transcaspicus Satunin, 1905</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFE2202B0E0012190CA1F95E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814932" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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near
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFE2202B0E4B12190BC0F985" box="[892,1015,1605,1630]" country="Turkmenistan" name="Ashgabat" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Ashabad</collectingRegion>
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, Tschuli Gorge, Kopet Dag Mountains,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFE2202B0EFB12300CA4F95E" box="[972,1171,1644,1669]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0FD412D30C7DF81B" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0FD412D30C7DF81B" blockId="76.[738,1330,1561,1984]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0FD412D30C32F977" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[739,1029,1679,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Microtus transcaspicus</taxonomicName>
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is in subgenus Microtus. In the past,
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0EEF12EE0CB7F908" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[984,1152,1714,1747]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">transcaspicus</taxonomicName>
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included laeus and
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0E5212820BC8F920" authorityName="Roguin" authorityYear="1988" box="[869,1023,1758,1787]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kermanensis">kermanensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B092712820D05F920" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[1040,1330,1758,1787]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">Microtus transcaspicus</taxonomicName>
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has a unique karyotype of 52 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses retrieved sister position of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0ED313080CF6F8AA" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" box="[996,1217,1876,1905]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">M. transcaspicus</taxonomicName>
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against a clade of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0EA613DC0C16F842" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1779" box="[913,1057,1920,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">M. arvalis</taxonomicName>
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, M.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B094213DC0CD6F842" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1141,1249,1920,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">obscurus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0FD413FF0BAAF81B" box="[739,925,1955,1984]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">M. mystacinus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4B13990BF9F7EE" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFFE2202B0D4B13990BF9F7EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760699/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" startId="76.[124,296,1989,2022]" targetBox="[123,715,1564,1978]" targetPageId="76">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4B13990BF9F7EE" blockId="76.[121,1330,1989,3125]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4B1399091BF83D" bold="true" box="[124,300,1989,2022]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W & C Kopet Dag on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran, Binalud Mts and nearby ridges in NE Iran, and E Afghanistan; it may also occur in SE Turkmenistan, but recorded specimen could be misslabeled.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4B1C1C0AAFF643" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4B1C1C0AAFF643" blockId="76.[121,1330,1989,3125]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4B1C1C094FF786" bold="true" box="[124,376,2112,2141]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 97-135 mm (males) and 100-140 mm (females), tail 41-55 mm (males) and 38-52 mm (females); weight 42:3-77 g (males) and 36-80 g (females). Males are on average slightly heavier (54-5 g) than females (51 g). The Transcaspian Vole is large and heavy, with tail averaging 45% of head-body length. There are six plantar pads. Females have eight nipples, two pairs each of pectoral and inguinal. Back is buffy brown to grayish brown, belly is gray, and flanks are usually yellowish. Skull is very similar to that of the Kerman Vole (M.
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0EEF1D740C4FF692" authorityName="Roguin" authorityYear="1988" box="[984,1144,2344,2377]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kermanensis">kermanensis</taxonomicName>
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). Upperincisors are orthodont. Molar pattern is more similar to that of the East Eurpoean Vole (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0DBE1D270972F643" box="[137,325,2427,2456]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">M. mystacinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) than the Kerman Vole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4C1DC20919F5D6" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4C1DC20919F5D6" blockId="76.[121,1330,1989,3125]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4C1DC208DAF664" bold="true" box="[123,237,2462,2495]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Humid meadows, frequently river valleys and flooded lowlands, and irrigated land, mainly at elevations of 500-1500 m in Kopet Dag and 2500-2800 m in Afghanistan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4C1E490D23F5ED" box="[123,1300,2581,2614]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4C1E490D23F5ED" blockId="76.[121,1330,1989,3125]" box="[123,1300,2581,2614]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4C1E4909B7F5ED" bold="true" box="[123,384,2581,2614]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Little is known, but the Transcaspian Vole can damage orchards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4C1E670940F521" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4C1E670940F521" blockId="76.[121,1330,1989,3125]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4C1E670936F587" bold="true" box="[123,257,2619,2652]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding season starts in April and is confined to spring. Adult females have 2-3 litters/season, and young females have 1-2 litters in their first year. Numbers of embryos are 3-9/female (mean 6). Litters in the laboratory have 1-6 young (mean 3-4). Captive females are sexually mature at 1-5 months old. Adult size is reached at 2-5-3 months old.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4E1F5909B9F43D" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4E1F5909B9F43D" blockId="76.[121,1330,1989,3125]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4E1F590951F4F9" bold="true" box="[121,358,2821,2850]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Transcaspian Voles are active
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B0E2F1F590B70F4F9" box="[792,839,2821,2850]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="day">day</taxonomicName>
|
||
and night, with peaks in morning and evening. They excavate simple and shallow burrows descending 12-15 cm. Diameters of holes are 4.3-5.2 cm. Burrow system has 50-105 cm of tunnels, nest chamber, and 2-6 exits. Nest chamber is spherical (7-10 cm in diameter) and lined with soft grass. On the ground’s surface, entrances are connected by a network of pathways through vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B0D4D1FB10DDBFEAA" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B0D4D1FB10DDBFEAA" blockId="76.[121,1330,1989,3125]" lastBlockId="76.[1401,2607,297,531]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B0D4D1FB10B74F3D5" bold="true" box="[122,835,3053,3086]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
During dry periods, Transcaspian Voles move to humid spots with lush vegetation. Burrow systems cover 3-7 m? but can merge to cover 3500 m*. Small colonies are widely scattered and presumably quite isolated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B084C15240FB0FE33" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B084C15240FB0FE33" blockId="76.[1401,2607,297,531]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B084C15240EE9FE42" bold="true" box="[1403,1758,376,409]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Overall distribution of the Transcaspian Vole is 10,000-15,000 km? Further aridization may negatively impact Transcaspian Voles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFE2202B084C15AA01D3FDD4" box="[1403,2532,502,527]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFE2202B084C15AA01D3FDD4" blockId="76.[1401,2607,297,531]" box="[1403,2532,502,527]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFE2202B084C15AA0E24FDD4" bold="true" box="[1403,1555,502,527]" pageId="76" pageNumber="353">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Golenishchev (2016b), Mahmoudi et al. (2017),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFE2202B051615AA0053FDD4" authority="Orlov" authorityName="Orlov" box="[2081,2148,502,527]" pageId="76" pageNumber="352" rank="variety" status="var. nov." variety="meyer">Meyer</taxonomicName>
|
||
et al. (1996), Sapargel'dyev (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |