255 lines
32 KiB
XML
255 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="9B5E768FC1FB4124AB098F94F057A902">
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<mods:title id="F218862FE3481D2F3EBFDCF3F74B8F4D">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81222C4050D6856876A8E6BDFC9E4E33">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0EDA2519C1A384BF58EE85F1037B067F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11B317C411C5599CD36F370ACA7AC3FB">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="2BA904B4EA1753EF16836DB1A8004CD2">2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="CE0ABBF3D896AB9D00F9E7CC297CD965">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="C536AAC6C17FAA46AD10006A1DAAEE4F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="C934A61FCCB0954FAB69565781E58EA0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FF9920500DF7186F01C6F501" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6707016" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707016" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FF9920500DF7186F01C6F501" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FF9920500DF7186F01C6F501" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9920500DF7186F0927F3BE" box="[192,272,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500DF7186F0927F3BE" blockId="55.[187,1178,3123,3253]" box="[192,272,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9920500DF7186F0927F3BE" box="[192,272,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FF9920500DF7186F0927F3BE" box="[192,272,3123,3173]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="50.[118,148,3222,3247]" captionTargetBox="[11,2748,13,3647]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="On following pages: 115. Reed Vole (Alexandromys fortis); 116. Sakhalin Vole (Alexandromys sachalinensis); 117. Mongolian Vole (Alexandromys mongolicus); 118. Middendorff's Vole (Alexandromys middendorffii; 119. Gromov's Vole (Alexandromys gromovi); 120. Lacustrine Vole (Alexandromys limnophilus); 121. Root Vole (Alexandromys oeconomus); 122. Taiwan Vole (Alexandromys kikuchii); 123. Japanese Grass Vole (Alexandromys montebell); 124. Afghan Vole (Microtus afghanus); 125. Bucharian Vole (Microtus bucharensis); 126. Juniper Vole (Microtus juldaschi); 127. Short-tailed Field Vole (Microtus agrestis); 128. Mediterranean Field Vole (Microtus lavernedii): 129. Portuguese Field Vole (Microtus rozianus); 130. Insular Vole (Microtus abbreviatus); 131. Singing Vole (Microtus miurus); 132. Rock Vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus); 133. Zempoaltepec Vole (Microtus umbrosus); 134. Tarabundi Vole (Microtus oaxacensis); 135. Guatemalan Vole (Microtus guatemalensis); 136. Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum); 137. Jalapan Vole (Microtus quasiater); 138. California Vole (Microtus californicus): 139. Beach Vole (Microtus brewer); 140. Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus); 141. Mogollon Vole (Microtus mogollonensis); 142. Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogasten; 143. Taiga Vole (Microtus xanthognathus); 144. Cabrera'’s Vole (Microtus cabrerae); 145. North American Water Vole (Microtus richardson); 146. Gray-tailed Vole (Microtus canicaudus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708411/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">126.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9920500C2F186F0A11F3BE" box="[280,550,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500C2F186F0A11F3BE" blockId="55.[187,1178,3123,3253]" box="[280,550,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9920500C2F186F0A11F3BE" box="[280,550,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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||
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9920500C2F186F0A11F3BE" ID-CoL="73K5Z" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[280,550,3123,3173]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">Juniper Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9920500F5B186F0B80F3BE" box="[620,951,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500F5B186F0B80F3BE" blockId="55.[187,1178,3123,3253]" box="[620,951,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9920500F5B186F0B80F3BE" box="[620,951,3123,3173]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500F5B186F0B80F3BE" ID-CoL="73K5Z" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[620,951,3123,3173]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9920500F5B186F0B80F3BE" box="[620,951,3123,3173]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Microtus juldaschi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9920500D8A182B0B26F36F" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500D8A182B0CAEF357" blockId="55.[187,1178,3123,3253]" box="[189,1177,3191,3212]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9920500D8A182B0CAEF357" box="[189,1177,3191,3212]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9920500D8A182B093EF357" bold="true" box="[189,265,3191,3212]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9920500C26182B0A2AF357" ID-CoL="73K5Z" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[273,541,3191,3212]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">Campagnol des genévriers</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9920500F05182B0ABBF357" bold="true" box="[562,652,3191,3212]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9920500FA4182B0B5AF357" ID-CoL="73K5Z" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[659,877,3191,3212]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">WacholderWiihimaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9920500EB6182B0BEAF357" bold="true" box="[897,989,3191,3212]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9920500ED5182B0CAEF357" ID-CoL="73K5Z" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[994,1177,3191,3212]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">Topillo de enebros</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500D8B18C30B26F36F" blockId="55.[187,1178,3123,3253]" box="[188,785,3231,3252]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9920500D8B18C30B26F36F" box="[188,785,3231,3252]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9920500D8B18C30983F36F" bold="true" box="[188,436,3231,3252]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9920500C8B18C30AAAF36F" ID-CoL="73K5Z" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[444,669,3231,3252]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">Juniper Mountain Vole</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9920500F9C18C30B26F36F" ID-CoL="73K5Z" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[683,785,3231,3252]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">Pamir Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9920500D8B18BC0AFEF2F2" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500D8B18BC0AFEF2F2" blockId="55.[187,1394,3296,3494]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9920500D8B18BC096FF2DA" bold="true" box="[188,344,3296,3329]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500C5418BC0B1CF2DA" authority="Severtzov, 1879" authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1879" box="[355,811,3296,3329]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">Arvicola juldaschi Severtzov, 1879</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FF9920500E0C18BC0AFEF2F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814728" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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Kara-Art, Karakul’ Lake,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FF99205009AD18BC08CAF2F2" country="Tajikistan" name="Kuhistoni Badakhshon" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Gorno-Badakhshan</collectingRegion>
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Autonomous Region,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FF9920500F0919540AF1F2F2" box="[574,710,3336,3369]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9920500D8A197301EEFEAC" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500D8A197301EEFEAC" blockId="55.[187,1394,3296,3494]" lastBlockId="55.[2076,2669,302,729]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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In the past,
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500C5B19730A38F28B" authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1879" box="[364,527,3375,3408]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">M. juldaschi</taxonomicName>
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was placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500FD319730B73F28B" box="[740,836,3375,3408]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neodon</taxonomicName>
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, but recent phylogenetic studies based on mtDNA classified
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500CD3190A0A6AF2AC" authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1879" box="[484,605,3414,3447]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">juldaschi</taxonomicName>
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in subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500E20190A0B89F2AC" authorityName="Argyropulo" authorityYear="1933" box="[791,958,3414,3447]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Blanfordimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Blanfordimys</taxonomicName>
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assister species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205009FB190A0D45F2AC" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1228,1394,3414,3447]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afghanus">M. afghanus</taxonomicName>
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and M. bucharensis. In the past, carruthersi was considered a separate species; hybrids between
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205005A915720121FE94" authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1879" box="[2206,2326,302,335]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">juldaschi</taxonomicName>
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and carruthersi are fertile. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF992050052B15DD0232FD51" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<caption id="DF268C8DFF992050052B15DD0232FD51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760547/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" startId="55.[2076,2230,385,414]" targetBox="[1461,2052,310,724]" targetPageId="55">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050052B15DD019AFE45" blockId="55.[2076,2669,302,729]" box="[2076,2477,385,414]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050052B15DD019AFE45" bold="true" box="[2076,2477,385,414]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050052A15F8016DFDE7" blockId="55.[2076,2669,302,729]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050052A15F8016DFDE7" authority="Severtzov, 1879" authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1879" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="juldaschi" subSpecies="juldaschi">M.j.juldaschiSevertzov,1879—SWKyrgyzstan,ETajikistan,NEAfghanistan,NWPakistan,andSWChina(SWXinjiangandNWTibet[=Xizang]).</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050052A16160232FD51" blockId="55.[2076,2669,302,729]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050052A16160182FDB8" authority="Thomas, 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[2077,2485,586,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="juldaschi" subSpecies="carruthersi">M. j. carruthersi Thomas, 1909</taxonomicName>
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— SE Uzbekistan and W Tajikistan (Hissar Mts).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF992050052B16CD0F2AFBCE" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050052B16CD0F2AFBCE" blockId="55.[2076,2669,302,729]" lastBlockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050052B16CD010DFD69" bold="true" box="[2076,2362,657,690]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 83-115 mm, tail 24-50 mm, ear 11-17 mm, hindfoot 15-17 mm; weight 21-33 g. Pelage of the Juniper Vole is soft, brownish gray above, lighter on flanks, and gray on belly. Tail is bicolored, pale brown above and silvery white below. Ears are conspicuous. There are six plantar pads. Females have two pairs each of inguinal and pectoral nipples (eight nipples in total). Skull shows no peculiarities: nasals are short, bullae are moderately swollen, and supratemporal ridges are weakly developed. Dentalfields of triangles four and five on M, are confluent and connect with anterior loop. M? has three salient angles on inner side. Diploid number varies between 54 and 60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9920500880104700AFFB69" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9920500880104700AFFB69" blockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050088010470E10FBE7" bold="true" box="[1463,1575,1051,1084]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Grasslands and bushes in subalpine and alpine meadows in deciduous and coniferous forests at elevations of 1300-4500 m, but mainly above 2000-2500 m. Meadows occupied by the Juniper Vole usually have grass and herbs 5-15 cm tall; taller grass (15-30 cm) is less preferred. It avoids rocky habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF992050088010E40FA4F88B" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050088010E40FA4F88B" blockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050088010E40E8DFB02" bold="true" box="[1463,1722,1208,1241]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Juniper Voles feed on nearly any green plant within their reach and prefer onion (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500BB210BC0ED6FADA" box="[1669,1761,1248,1281]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Allium</taxonomicName>
|
||
fedschenkoanum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500AFA10BC009AFADA" box="[1997,2221,1248,1281]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); roseroot (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050046010BC01EDFADA" box="[2391,2522,1248,1281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Rhodiola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhodiola</taxonomicName>
|
||
litwinovii,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050088F11570E45FAF3" box="[1464,1650,1291,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Crassulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); corydalis (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500A2D11570FA3FAF3" box="[1818,1940,1291,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Corydalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Corydalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
gortschakovii,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050056711570123FAF3" box="[2128,2324,1291,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Papaveraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); buttercup (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205004FB11570259FAF3" box="[2508,2670,1291,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ranunculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
rubrocalyx) and narcissus-flowered anemone (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050057B116E00F2FA94" box="[2124,2245,1330,1359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Anemone" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anemone</taxonomicName>
|
||
narcissiflora), both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205004D2116E0E27FAAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; mountain spiderwort (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500A5711060F9AFAAC" authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1819" box="[1888,1965,1370,1399]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gagea</taxonomicName>
|
||
serotina,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205005111106009EFAAC" box="[2086,2217,1370,1399]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Liliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mustard (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500479110601E2FAAC" box="[2382,2517,1370,1399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Chorispora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chorispora</taxonomicName>
|
||
macropoda,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050088F11210E5BFA45" box="[1464,1644,1405,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); knotweeds (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500A0011210FF0FA45" box="[1847,1991,1405,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Polygonum</taxonomicName>
|
||
hissaricum and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050059B1121012AFA45" box="[2220,2333,1405,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens">P. nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500405112101CFFA45" box="[2354,2552,1405,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); medic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205008F411F90E08FA1D" box="[1475,1599,1445,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Medicago</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and locoweeds (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500A7011F90FF0FA1D" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[1863,1991,1445,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Oxytropis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oxytropis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050050411F90081FA1D" box="[2099,2230,1445,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dandelion (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050044311F9023EFA1D" box="[2420,2569,1445,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Taraxacum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050072B11F90E3CFA36" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); loseworth (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500BE4118C0F56FA36" box="[1747,1889,1488,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Pedicularis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pedicularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
kryllowii,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500ACF118C00EAFA36" box="[2040,2269,1488,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orobanchaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); lady's mantle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205004EB118C0251FA36" box="[2524,2662,1488,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Alchemilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alchemilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050088F11AB0E08F9CF" box="[1464,1599,1527,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mountain sorrel (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500A6411AB0FECF9CF" box="[1875,2011,1527,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Oxyria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Oxyria sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500ADB11AB0085F9CF" box="[2028,2226,1527,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and cranesbill (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050049A11AB021AF9CF" box="[2477,2605,1527,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Geranium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF992050070A11AB0E72F9E7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Geraniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In mountains of Kazakhstan, 94% of examined stomachs contained green vegetation (leaves and stalks), and 5:7% contained seeds and insects. In Tajikistan, spring diet consists of balanced proportions of green vegetation and roots; green plants predominate in summer, with addition of flowers, fruits, and seeds. In autumn and winter, main foods are roots, supplemented with green vegetation that remain under snow. Food is stored for winter. In Tajikistan, winter stores consist mainly leaves of locoweeds, bulbs of corydalis, and roots of sedges (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500584135B00C8F8F3" box="[2227,2303,1799,1832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9920500427135B018FF8F3" box="[2320,2488,1799,1832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Dry weight of caches is 7-60 g (average 35 g).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF992050088F130A005AF7E7" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050088F130A005AF7E7" blockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050088F130A0E09F8AC" bold="true" box="[1464,1598,1878,1911]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding season of the Juniper Vole is in May—October and may start under snow. Reproductively active females weight 14-3-19-6 g and have 1-2 litters/season; three litters were reported from Kyrgyzstan. Numbers of embryos are 1-6 (mean range 2:8-3-9). In Tajikistan, litters are 2-8 young (average 4-6); second litters are larger. Juveniles can mature and reproduce in the year they were born. Captive females delivered 3 litters/season, with 2-7 young (mean 3-6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF99205008811C1E0F75F61D" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF99205008811C1E0F75F61D" blockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF99205008811C1E0E9FF7B8" bold="true" box="[1462,1704,2114,2147]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Juniper Voles are active round-the-clock but mainly crepuscular. Daily activity is frequently restricted to burrowing. A family burrow has 1-82 entrances (average 8) and 1-5-20 m (mean is 6-13-9 m) of tunnels that spread over 9-150 m?*. Corresponding values for Tajikistan are 7-92 entrances/system and 1-9-51 m of tunnels. Most tunnels are 10-15 cm deep and have diameters of 1.2-5 cm (mean 2-8 cm). A nesting burrow has 2-8 entrances (mean 4) and covers 1-1-9-8 m* (mean 4-7 m?). Tunnels are narrow (1:2.1-5 cm) and descend as deep as 55 cm. There are 1-3 nesting chambers (volume 1300-2625 cm’, mean 2700 cm?), with 2cm thick layer oflightsoil mixed with dry plant matter. Nests are 30-35 cm below the ground’s surface. Nesting burrows contain 1-2 caches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF992050088F1D910126F5CE" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050088F1D910126F5CE" blockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050088F1D9100B4F635" bold="true" box="[1464,2179,2509,2542]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Juniper Voles are gregarious and live in family groups. Males are aggressive among themselves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF992050088F1E7C0048F550" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050088F1E7C0048F550" blockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050088F1E7C0F21F5E6" bold="true" box="[1464,1814,2592,2621]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF99205007391E7C0E05F5BF" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juldaschi">Neodon juldaschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Threats to the Juniper Vole include habitat loss and degradation due to natural disasters such as avalanches and landslides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF992050088F1EC601C6F501" pageId="55" pageNumber="332" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF992050088F1EC601C6F501" blockId="55.[1458,2670,735,2778]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF992050088F1EC60E66F568" bold="true" box="[1464,1617,2714,2739]" pageId="55" pageNumber="332">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Davydov (1964, 1988), Gromov & Erbajeva (1995), Lunde (2008), Molur (2016c), Niethammer (1970), Roberts (1997), Shenbroy & Krasnov (2005), Sludskiy et al. (1978), Yanushevich et al. (1972).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |