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<document id="E08940464A2ED6B091D1F00C32B5ABE6" ID-CLB-Dataset="80832" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6707142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab66b2b7-9544-4411-bf61-5bc3651d7bca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1656002532852" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03F06D13FF95205B088618130B80F84D" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Cricetidae_0204.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Microtus brewer" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="337" masterDocId="FFC9156BFFAE20670D37145C0837FFDB" masterDocTitle="Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="535" masterPageNumber="204" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1718799336328" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="A86741D20D01C8AFF67B3C1D6CC18ED0">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D7AA2B9517CEC2D6D2C7AD05E63FBF8">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="974659F6DBF177BD08B0022FAA2407B4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="083C42E033F0B9C9E2119BF29D146CCB">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FF95205B088618130B80F84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6707067" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FF95205B088618130B80F84D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FF95205B088618130B80F84D" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF95205C088618130E36F3A2" box="[1457,1537,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF95205C088618130E36F3A2" blockId="59.[1452,2400,3151,3273]" box="[1457,1537,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF95205C088618130E36F3A2" box="[1457,1537,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<figureCitation id="1362C080FF95205C088618130E36F3A2" box="[1457,1537,3151,3193]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="50.[118,148,3222,3247]" captionTargetBox="[11,2748,13,3647]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="On following pages: 115. Reed Vole (Alexandromys fortis); 116. Sakhalin Vole (Alexandromys sachalinensis); 117. Mongolian Vole (Alexandromys mongolicus); 118. Middendorff's Vole (Alexandromys middendorffii; 119. Gromov's Vole (Alexandromys gromovi); 120. Lacustrine Vole (Alexandromys limnophilus); 121. Root Vole (Alexandromys oeconomus); 122. Taiwan Vole (Alexandromys kikuchii); 123. Japanese Grass Vole (Alexandromys montebell); 124. Afghan Vole (Microtus afghanus); 125. Bucharian Vole (Microtus bucharensis); 126. Juniper Vole (Microtus juldaschi); 127. Short-tailed Field Vole (Microtus agrestis); 128. Mediterranean Field Vole (Microtus lavernedii): 129. Portuguese Field Vole (Microtus rozianus); 130. Insular Vole (Microtus abbreviatus); 131. Singing Vole (Microtus miurus); 132. Rock Vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus); 133. Zempoaltepec Vole (Microtus umbrosus); 134. Tarabundi Vole (Microtus oaxacensis); 135. Guatemalan Vole (Microtus guatemalensis); 136. Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum); 137. Jalapan Vole (Microtus quasiater); 138. California Vole (Microtus californicus): 139. Beach Vole (Microtus brewer); 140. Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus); 141. Mogollon Vole (Microtus mogollonensis); 142. Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogasten; 143. Taiga Vole (Microtus xanthognathus); 144. Cabrera's Vole (Microtus cabrerae); 145. North American Water Vole (Microtus richardson); 146. Gray-tailed Vole (Microtus canicaudus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708411/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">139.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF95205C0B2518130ECDF3A2" box="[1554,1786,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF95205C0B2518130ECDF3A2" blockId="59.[1452,2400,3151,3273]" box="[1554,1786,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF95205C0B2518130ECDF3A2" box="[1554,1786,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF95205C0B2518130ECDF3A2" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1554,1786,3151,3193]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">Beach Vole</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF95205C0A1918130057F3A2" box="[1838,2144,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF95205C0A1918130057F3A2" blockId="59.[1452,2400,3151,3273]" box="[1838,2144,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF95205C0A1918130057F3A2" box="[1838,2144,3151,3193]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF95205C0A1918130057F3A2" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1838,2144,3151,3193]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF95205C0A1918130057F3A2" box="[1838,2144,3151,3193]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">Microtus brewer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF95205C089918D70019F313" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF95205C089918D70157F37B" blockId="59.[1452,2400,3151,3273]" box="[1454,2400,3211,3232]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF95205C089918D70157F37B" box="[1454,2400,3211,3232]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF95205C089918D70DCEF37B" bold="true" box="[1454,1529,3211,3232]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF95205C0B3518D70EC8F37B" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1538,1791,3211,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">Campagnol de Muskeget</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF95205C0A2418D70F59F37B" bold="true" box="[1811,1902,3211,3232]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF95205C0A4018D70028F37B" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1911,2079,3211,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF95205C0A4018D70FFDF37B" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1911,1994,3211,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">Strandw</vernacularName>
(ihimaus
</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF95205C050218D700A7F37B" bold="true" box="[2101,2192,3211,3232]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF95205C05A218D70157F37B" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[2197,2400,3211,3232]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">Topillo de Muskeget</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF95205C089918EF0019F313" blockId="59.[1452,2400,3151,3273]" box="[1454,2094,3251,3272]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0AE6B69FF95205C089918EF0019F313" box="[1454,2094,3251,3272]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF95205C089918EF0E93F313" bold="true" box="[1454,1700,3251,3272]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF95205C0B9818EF0FAFF313" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1711,1944,3251,3272]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">Beach Meadow Mouse</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF95205C0A9118EF0019F313" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1958,2094,3251,3272]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">Beach Mouse</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF95205C089A18A00EFFF2E6" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF95205C089A18A00EFFF2E6" blockId="59.[1452,2660,3324,3478]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF95205C089A18A00E7FF2CE" bold="true" box="[1453,1608,3324,3349]" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF95205C0B6F18A00FEBF2CE" authority=": Baird, 1858" authorityName=": Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[1624,2012,3324,3349]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">Arvicola brewer: Baird, 1858</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FF95205C0AC618A00EFFF2E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818815022" country="United States of America" location="Massachusetts" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
Muskeget Island, west of Nantucket Island,
<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FF95205C089919780E44F2E6" box="[1454,1651,3364,3389]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FF95205C0BB319780EF2F2E6" box="[1668,1733,3364,3389]" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF95205B0899191F0C6CFE65" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF95205B0899191F0C6CFE65" blockId="59.[1452,2660,3324,3478]" lastBlockId="60.[742,1333,295,723]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="59" pageNumber="336">
Based on mtDNA and nDNA,
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF95205C0A64191F0FE3F2BF" authorityName=": Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[1875,2004,3395,3428]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brewer">M. brewer</taxonomicName>
: is minimally distinctive from
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF95205C0444191F0254F2BF" baseAuthorityName="Ord" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[2419,2659,3395,3428]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="341" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">M. pennsylvanicus</taxonomicName>
and nested in its eastern clade. The current population of
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF95205C05EC19360168F250" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[2267,2399,3434,3467]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="59" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breweri">M. breweri</taxonomicName>
was founded from 26 relict individuals that survived depredation by introduced feral cats and were reintroduced to the main part of Muskeget Island in 1893. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0FD115910B1CFDD6" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF268C8DFF92205B0FD115910B1CFDD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760577/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" startId="60.[742,914,461,486]" targetBox="[127,718,304,718]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0FD115910B1CFDD6" blockId="60.[742,1333,295,723]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0FD115910BA2FE3D" bold="true" box="[742,917,461,486]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Distribution.</emphasis>
Muskeget I, Massachusetts, USA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0FD1164F0A2CFBD0" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0FD1164F0D06FD08" blockId="60.[742,1333,295,723]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0FD1164F0BE2FDEF" bold="true" box="[742,981,531,564]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 124-155 mm (males) and 130-146 mm (females), tail 45-60 mm (males) and 35-55 mm (females), hindfoot 22-25 mm (males) and 22-25 mm (females); weight 45-1-62-9 g.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0DB716840A2CFBD0" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
Males are larger than females. The Beach Vole differs from the Meadow Vole (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0993168408D7FCFB" baseAuthorityName="Ord" baseAuthorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="60" pageNumber="341" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">M. pennsylvanicus</taxonomicName>
) by having larger skull and longer narrower braincase. Nasals are wider anteriorly, and interparietal is longer. Dorsal pelage is paler, longer, and coarser than the Meadow Voles, and is buffy gray, with scattered brownor back-tipped hair; sides are paler. Tailis bicolored, with brown or black above and off-white below. It has a patch or blaze ofwhite fur on forehead, or less commonly on chin or throat (¢.25% of individuals). Chromosomal complement of the Beach Vole is nearly identical to that of the Meadow Vole, and both species have 46 chromosomes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0D49104F0B67FB0A" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0D49104F0B67FB0A" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0D49104F08DAFBEF" bold="true" box="[126,237,1043,1076]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Habitat.</emphasis>
Variety of plant associations, dominantly
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0E61104F0BDEFBEF" authorityName="W. Kirby" authorityYear="1798" box="[854,1001,1043,1076]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ammophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ammophila</taxonomicName>
breviligulata (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0987104F0D12FBEF" box="[1200,1317,1043,1076]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) where runways are built, identified by grass clippings. The Beach Vole is also associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0C3A10390978FB59" box="[269,335,1125,1154]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhus</taxonomicName>
radicans (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0CEA10390A85FB59" box="[477,690,1125,1154]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0FF810390B3BFB59" box="[719,780,1125,1154]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa</taxonomicName>
rugosa (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0EB610390C3DFB59" box="[897,1034,1125,1154]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B091710390C97FB59" box="[1056,1184,1125,1154]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Juniperus</taxonomicName>
virginiana (
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0DBC10D5097CFB71" box="[139,331,1161,1194]" class="Pinopsida" family="Juniperaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Juniperaceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF92205B0C9D10D50BBEFB71" box="[426,905,1161,1194]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">Myrica pennsylvanica (Myricaceae)</taxonomicName>
. It burrows and uses tunnels, and nests are constructed aboveand belowground.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0D4910840ACEFAC4" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0D4910840ACEFAC4" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0D49108409B3FB22" bold="true" box="[126,388,1240,1273]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Beach Voles eat tender shoots of beach grass in warm months and cache grass stems in wet sand to eat in winter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0D4A117A0C90FA66" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0D4A117A0C90FA66" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0D4A117A0933FA9C" bold="true" box="[125,260,1318,1351]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Breeding.</emphasis>
Beach Voles breed from spring to autumn, with young born in nests in underground burrows or under debris or driftwood cover. Females typically produce multiple litters of 4-5 young/year. Compared with Meadow Voles, Beach Voles reach sexual maturity later and have lower pregnancy rates and smaller litter sizes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0D4C119F0CD7FA3F" box="[123,1248,1475,1508]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0D4C119F0CD7FA3F" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" box="[123,1248,1475,1508]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0D4C119F0951FA3F" bold="true" box="[123,358,1475,1508]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Activity patterns of Beach Voles vary temporally between sexes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0D4A11B70D39F923" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0D4A11B70D39F923" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0D4A11B70B01F9D7" bold="true" box="[125,822,1515,1548]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
In contrast to most other microtine voles, densities of Beach Voles have fewer and smaller fluctuations. Because it is an island species, lack of a dispersal sink and fewer predators may contribute to relatively stable populations, although density fluctuates from c.5 ind/ha in low years to c.15 ind/ha in peak years. A nearly sixfold fluctuation in density also has been reported, and very early reports suggested high densities of Beach Voles. Adult sex ratios vary little between years, and adult male and adult female daily home ranges are similar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0D4A12A20A09F89D" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0D4A12A20A09F89D" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0D4A12A209D7F8C4" bold="true" box="[125,480,1790,1823]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Beach Vole occurs in less than 2:6 km?
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF92205B0D4A130A0B80F84D" pageId="60" pageNumber="337" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF92205B0D4A130A0B80F84D" blockId="60.[122,1333,728,1942]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF92205B0D4A130A0921F8B4" bold="true" box="[125,278,1878,1903]" pageId="60" pageNumber="337">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Miller (1896b), Modi (1987), Musser &amp; Carleton (2005), Rothstein &amp; Tamarin (1977), Tamarin (1977a, 1977b), Tamarin &amp; Kunz (1974), Tamarin et al. (1987), Zwicker (1989).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>