179 lines
21 KiB
XML
179 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="A19EEB9011D4E5AD3E254618C1A14A84" ID-CLB-Dataset="80832" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6707142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab66b2b7-9544-4411-bf61-5bc3651d7bca" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6707142" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1656002532852" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03F06D13FF9020590D4B17B90E6EFC95" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Cricetidae_0204.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Microtus richardsoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="FFC9156BFFAE20670D37145C0837FFDB" masterDocTitle="Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="535" masterPageNumber="204" pageNumber="339" updateTime="1718799336328" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:titleInfo id="08641AD28EB8463E8498382E3112E5F0">
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<mods:title id="D32565404E84826A175368D13337A31B">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDC4ECBE70F5CEE627F03A1993F8F3F3">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E0988C71FB0037D88BDCA177B58FA6B1">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1036883CB3C960356AEA8161BC4AF38D">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BA2BDC552E861E1199E6659C226540B4">2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="7B8D6E0917D3C8996EEF6AC914C7EBFB">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="B2A6FE075C787179916D46AC282F6CBE">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="1A90D30753A0BA13D3735B0243FA594B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FF9020590D4B17B90E6EFC95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6711608" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6711608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FF9020590D4B17B90E6EFC95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FF9020590D4B17B90E6EFC95" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590D4B17B908FCFBD4" box="[124,203,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D4B17B908FCFBD4" blockId="62.[118,1246,997,1120]" box="[124,203,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9020590D4B17B908FCFBD4" box="[124,203,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FF9020590D4B17B908FCFBD4" box="[124,203,997,1039]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="50.[118,148,3222,3247]" captionTargetBox="[11,2748,13,3647]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="On following pages: 115. Reed Vole (Alexandromys fortis); 116. Sakhalin Vole (Alexandromys sachalinensis); 117. Mongolian Vole (Alexandromys mongolicus); 118. Middendorff's Vole (Alexandromys middendorffii; 119. Gromov's Vole (Alexandromys gromovi); 120. Lacustrine Vole (Alexandromys limnophilus); 121. Root Vole (Alexandromys oeconomus); 122. Taiwan Vole (Alexandromys kikuchii); 123. Japanese Grass Vole (Alexandromys montebell); 124. Afghan Vole (Microtus afghanus); 125. Bucharian Vole (Microtus bucharensis); 126. Juniper Vole (Microtus juldaschi); 127. Short-tailed Field Vole (Microtus agrestis); 128. Mediterranean Field Vole (Microtus lavernedii): 129. Portuguese Field Vole (Microtus rozianus); 130. Insular Vole (Microtus abbreviatus); 131. Singing Vole (Microtus miurus); 132. Rock Vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus); 133. Zempoaltepec Vole (Microtus umbrosus); 134. Tarabundi Vole (Microtus oaxacensis); 135. Guatemalan Vole (Microtus guatemalensis); 136. Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum); 137. Jalapan Vole (Microtus quasiater); 138. California Vole (Microtus californicus): 139. Beach Vole (Microtus brewer); 140. Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus); 141. Mogollon Vole (Microtus mogollonensis); 142. Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogasten; 143. Taiga Vole (Microtus xanthognathus); 144. Cabrera'’s Vole (Microtus cabrerae); 145. North American Water Vole (Microtus richardson); 146. Gray-tailed Vole (Microtus canicaudus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708411/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">145.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590DEB17B90B13FBD4" box="[220,804,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590DEB17B90B13FBD4" blockId="62.[118,1246,997,1120]" box="[220,804,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9020590DEB17B90B13FBD4" box="[220,804,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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||
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590DEB17B90B13FBD4" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[220,804,997,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">North American Water Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590E5D17B90CEAFBD4" box="[874,1245,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590E5D17B90CEAFBD4" blockId="62.[118,1246,997,1120]" box="[874,1245,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9020590E5D17B90CEAFBD4" box="[874,1245,997,1039]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590E5D17B90CEAFBD4" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[874,1245,997,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590E5D17B90CEAFBD4" box="[874,1245,997,1039]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Microtus richardsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590D4F107D0C0FFB86" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D4F107D0CE9FBED" blockId="62.[118,1246,997,1120]" box="[120,1246,1057,1078]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9020590D4F107D0CE9FBED" box="[120,1246,1057,1078]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590D4F107D08F3FBED" bold="true" box="[120,196,1057,1078]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590DFA107D09E5FBED" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[205,466,1057,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">Campagnol de Richardson</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590CD0107D0A75FBED" bold="true" box="[487,578,1057,1078]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590F7B107D0B1CFBED" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[588,811,1057,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">Richardson-Wiihimaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590E77107D0BACFBED" bold="true" box="[832,923,1057,1078]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590E96107D0CE9FBED" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[929,1246,1057,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">Topillo acuético norteamericano</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D4010140C0FFB86" blockId="62.[118,1246,997,1120]" box="[119,1080,1096,1117]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF9020590D4010140C0FFB86" box="[119,1080,1096,1117]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590D4010140958FB86" bold="true" box="[119,367,1096,1117]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590C4E10140AB3FB86" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[377,644,1096,1117]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">Richardson's Meadow Vole</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590FA510140B09FB86" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[658,830,1096,1117]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">Richardson's Vole</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF9020590E7B10140C0FFB86" ID-CoL="439D9" baseAuthorityName="DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[844,1080,1096,1117]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">Richardson's Water Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590FEB10CD0CADFA91" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590FEB10CD0CADFA91" blockId="62.[731,1323,1169,1591]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590FEB10CD0B42FB75" bold="true" box="[732,885,1169,1198]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590EAF10CD0B28FB0E" ID-CoL="H3V4" authority="DeKay, 1842" authorityName="DeKay" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">Arvicola richardsoni DeKay, 1842</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FF9020590E0210E40B18FB26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814398" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">“near the foot of the Rocky Mountains.”</materialsCitation>
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Restricted by V. Bailey in 1900 to “vicinity ofJasper House, Alberta,” Canada. Four subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590FEC11090926F90B" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFF9020590FEC11090926F90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760627/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" startId="62.[731,885,1365,1394]" targetBox="[117,707,1174,1586]" targetPageId="62">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590FEC11090C5BFAA9" blockId="62.[731,1323,1169,1591]" box="[731,1132,1365,1394]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590FEC11090C5BFAA9" bold="true" box="[731,1132,1365,1394]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590FEB112C0CFAFA1A" blockId="62.[731,1323,1169,1591]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590FEB112C0CFAFA1A" authority="DeKay, 1842" authorityName="Rasmussen & Chamberlain" authorityYear="1959" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="richardsoni" subSpecies="richardsoni">M.r.richardsoniDeKay,1842—SEBritishColumbiaandSWAlberta,Canada.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590FEB11900BD9F9EC" blockId="62.[731,1323,1169,1591]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590FEB11900BD9F9EC" authority="Rhoads, 1894" authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="richardsoni" subSpecies="arvicoloides">M.r.arvicoloidesRhoads,1894—SWBritishColumbia,Canada,SalongtheCascadesRangetoSOregon.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D4112180966F959" blockId="62.[111,1321,1604,2378]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590D4112180966F959" authority="Merriam, 1891" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="richardsoni" subSpecies="macropus">M.r.macropusMerriam,1891—EWashington,EOregon,Idaho,WMontana,andWWyoming,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D4312D70926F90B" blockId="62.[111,1321,1604,2378]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590D4312D70B76F977" authority="Rasmussen & Chamberlain, 1959" authorityName="Rasmussen & Chamberlain" authorityYear="1959" box="[116,833,1675,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="richardsoni" subSpecies="myllodontus">M. r. myllodontus Rasmussen & Chamberlain, 1959</taxonomicName>
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— from extreme SE Idaho S to C Utah, USA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590D4412BE0AEFF7EF" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D4412BE0AEFF7EF" blockId="62.[111,1321,1604,2378]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590D4412BE095AF920" bold="true" box="[115,365,1762,1787]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 125-178 mm, tail 66-98 mm, ear 15-20 mm, hindfoot 25-34 mm; weight 72-150 g. The North American Water Vole is one of the largest species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF9020590C3213750942F891" box="[261,373,1833,1866]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microtus</taxonomicName>
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. Pelage is long, with dark-tipped hair thatis gray to reddish brown on back and dull gray on venter. Five plantar tubercles are on feet. Males and females have distinctive side glands and a musk-bearing anal gland. Tail is relatively long. Skull is large and angular and has wide, well-developed zygomatic arches; bullae are small. Incisors extend beyond premaxillae, and molars are constricted with tightly closed sections. M?* has four closed triangles, M® has 2-3 closed triangles, M, hasfive closed triangles, and M; has three transverse loops.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590D461C610A25F759" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D461C610A25F759" blockId="62.[111,1321,1604,2378]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590D461C6108D7F785" bold="true" box="[113,224,2109,2142]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Nearrivers and clear spring-fed or glacial-fed streams in mountain meadows at elevations of ¢.900-3000 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590D471CDB0B36F722" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D471CDB0B36F722" blockId="62.[111,1321,1604,2378]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590D471CDB094FF772" bold="true" box="[112,376,2183,2217]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
North American Water Voles eat various green herbaceous plants including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. They also eat grasses, sedges, willows, seeds, and insects. They do not cache food for winter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590D581D5E0E08FE47" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590D581D5E0E08FE47" blockId="62.[111,1321,1604,2378]" lastBlockId="62.[1396,2605,300,849]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590D581D5E08C1F6F8" bold="true" box="[111,246,2306,2339]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
North American Water Voles are polygynous. Estrus in femalesis induced by reproductively active males; annual onsetis correlated with new spring vegetation and extends for 3—4 months. Pregnant females are found from May until early September, and gestation is 22 days. Litters have 2-10 young (generally 4-7), increasing with age of the mother.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059084115FE021DFE11" box="[1398,2602,418,458]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059084115FE021DFE11" blockId="62.[1396,2605,300,849]" box="[1398,2602,418,458]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059084115FE0E56FE1F" bold="true" box="[1398,1633,418,452]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
North American Water Volesare terrestrial and primarily nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059084015920ED1FD03" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059084015920ED1FD03" blockId="62.[1396,2605,300,849]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059084015920076FE34" bold="true" box="[1399,2113,462,495]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
In winter, North American Water Voles build tunnels through snow. In summer, they use aboveground runways through vegetation and also underground tunnels. Burrow entrances are often located in riverbanks. Females give birth in underground nests of leaves and grasses. Females maintain non-overlapping territories; males have larger home ranges that allow them to breed with multiple females. Densities vary yearly or seasonally and have been estimated at 8-1-32-5 ind/ha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF902059084216BD01A7FCD9" box="[1397,2448,737,770]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF902059084216BD01A7FCD9" blockId="62.[1396,2605,300,849]" box="[1397,2448,737,770]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF902059084216BD0EE4FCD9" bold="true" box="[1397,1747,737,770]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF9020590841174D0E6EFC95" pageId="62" pageNumber="339" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF9020590841174D0E6EFC95" blockId="62.[1396,2605,300,849]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF9020590841174D0E38FCF1" bold="true" box="[1398,1551,785,810]" pageId="62" pageNumber="339">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bailey (1900), Hall (1981), Klaus (2003), Ludwig (1984, 1988), Ludwig & Anderson (2009), Musser & Carleton (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |