217 lines
32 KiB
XML
217 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="574B55F6CDDD56C2C5AD2E2451CE4E16" ID-CLB-Dataset="9223" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c98e9f6-7bd0-4a15-9fe2-6015700904d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4358718" ID-ZooBank="002F9E9D-43AA-4CD3-89FB-FD41EEEE4B18" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608285294972" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vedenina, Varvara, Sevastianov, Nikita & Tarasova, Tatiana" docDate="2020" docId="03D81D4EFFCB0E14FF4EF9C748351F0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4895.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4895 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stenobothrus miramae Dirsh 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="517" masterDocId="FFE16536FFC10E18FFD9FF6449251B55" masterDocTitle="Contributions to the study of the grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) courtship songs from Kazakhstan and adjacent territories" masterLastPageNumber="527" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="515" updateTime="1698847735368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E2A45DF89DF390E9D92D0765947BB917">Contributions to the study of the grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) courtship songs from Kazakhstan and adjacent territories</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="458AA79FB1D24256D21F4EF5A653FE7D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AA1AE3F1F52D6E3808F6D8F9807B3C17">Vedenina, Varvara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8D55A83BC1A504AE501932624B627A4F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2694-4152</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C79B6A2C3A5935D716230ECC82C38599">Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051 Russia. & vedenin @ iitp. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2694 - 4152</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="181CB74795258BDB40F1FC0ADB7CBE4D" type="email">vedenin@iitp.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F7742D246FB57EE0099B16A0B98785A6">Sevastianov, Nikita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="746A4913B79E5982B76E9A6E420C8339" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1563-5194</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="65AE74058CF308ECA4BA5AE148C52DF0">Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051 Russia. & met 3254 @ yandex. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1563 - 5194</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B296E03F920C3FAA4230E757C42DD19D" type="email">met3254@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FFB06F560013F784970871B100EC6607">Tarasova, Tatiana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4A382E3E366B0575D493FB4F6A6FAAAA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7956-9333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0583802244D044330A2BB180CA23E19C">Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051 Russia. & thomisida @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7956 - 9333</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C12941C7B97F504A0FEE37C5BA0EF1F3" type="email">thomisida@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D8529F0D9EFCEE0946AFDFE19F5F40D6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="74807A846D32D0075F4DA3D149122C9B">
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<mods:date id="6D8A243A7B615EC7800497FF311F53B2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="374DD60D975E9E7F087690F2528EC47F">2020-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="88D3C7958AC9ABF34E69FC697112F877">4895</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="424B6AEC0275884F38D30D193B7F945F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D81D4EFFCB0E14FF4EF9C748351F0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4386346" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176234791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4386346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D81D4EFFCB0E14FF4EF9C748351F0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D81D4EFFCB0E14FF4EF9C748351F0C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">
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<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFCB0E12FF4EF9C74B661DE8" box="[151,579,1699,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCB0E12FF4EF9C74B661DE8" blockId="10.[151,579,1699,1726]" box="[151,579,1699,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">
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<heading id="D0861B34FFCB0E12FF4EF9C74B661DE8" bold="true" box="[151,579,1699,1726]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCB0E12FF4EF9C74B661DE8" authority="Dirsh, 1931" authorityName="Dirsh" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,579,1699,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miramae">
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<emphasis id="B905704AFFCB0E12FF4EF9C74B661DE8" bold="true" box="[151,579,1699,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">
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<emphasis id="B905704AFFCB0E12FF4EF9C748891DE8" bold="true" box="[151,428,1699,1726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Stenobothrus miramae</emphasis>
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Dirsh, 1931
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFCB0E12FF4EF98F4D181C50" box="[151,1085,1771,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCB0E12FF4EF98F4D181C50" blockId="10.[151,1437,1771,2014]" box="[151,1085,1771,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">
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<emphasis id="B905704AFFCB0E12FF4EF98F48141C50" bold="true" box="[151,305,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Distribution.</emphasis>
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South-eastern part of European
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<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCB0E12FD45F98F4BCC1C50" box="[668,745,1771,1797]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Russia</collectingCountry>
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, Crimea, western
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<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCB0E12FC6AF98F4D1C1C50" box="[947,1081,1771,1797]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFCB0E12FF1EF86B4BF71C05" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCB0E12FF1EF86B4BF71C05" blockId="10.[151,1437,1771,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">
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<emphasis id="B905704AFFCB0E12FF1EF86B48451C7C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Material. 16.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B19A605FFCB0E12FEB1F86B4BEF1C05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3003796315" collectingDate="2018-06-29" country="Russia" latitude="51.286667" location="Guberlja" longLatPrecision="109" longitude="58.176666" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orenburg">
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<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCB0E12FEB1F86B48901C7C" box="[360,437,1807,1833]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Russia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFCB0E12FE18F86B4B581C7C" box="[449,637,1807,1833]" country="Russia" name="Orenburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Orenburg region</collectingRegion>
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, ab.
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<quantity id="4C8901BDFFCB0E12FD6BF86B4BDC1C7C" box="[690,761,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
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NW of Orsk
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</locationDeviation>
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, environs of railway station
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<location id="8EAEFA83FFCB0E12FB14F86B4C171C7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D81D4EFFCB0E14FF4EF9C748351F0C:8EAEFA83FFCB0E12FB14F86B4C171C7C" box="[1229,1330,1807,1833]" country="Russia" latitude="51.286667" longLatPrecision="109" longitude="58.176666" name="Guberlja" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" stateProvince="Orenburg">Guberlja</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCB0E12FAE4F86B498B1C1B" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="17.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" precision="92" value="51.286667">51°17.2’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCB0E12FF60F85748161C1B" box="[185,307,1843,1870]" degrees="58" direction="east" minutes="10.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" precision="92" value="58.176666">58°10.6’ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFCF8A98FFCB0E12FEE6F85748E51C18" box="[319,448,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" value="2018-06-29">
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<collectingDate id="EF8B7370FFCB0E12FEE6F85748E51C18" box="[319,448,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" value="2018-06-29">29.06.2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, song recordings in 5 ³
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFCB0E14FF1EF83348351F0C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCB0E12FF1EF8334B061C8B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1771,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">
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<emphasis id="B905704AFFCB0E12FF1EF833488A1C24" bold="true" box="[199,431,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">References to song.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCB0E12FE6EF8334B731C24" author="Waeber, G." box="[439,598,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" refId="ref13128" refString="Waeber, G. (1989) Gesang und Taxonomie der Europaischen Stenobothrus- und Omocestus-Arten (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Unpublished diploma thesis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen, Erlangen, 138 pp." type="book" year="1989">Waeber, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: recordings
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<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCB0E12FD38F83C4AC21C27" authority="Kr." authorityName="Kr." box="[737,999,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrogeniculatus">
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<emphasis id="B905704AFFCB0E12FD38F83C4A991C24" box="[737,956,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">S. nigrogeniculatus</emphasis>
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Kr.
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCB0E12FBF5F8334D951C24" box="[1068,1200,1879,1905]" name="Turkey" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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, calling song;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCB0E12FA8FF83348911CC0" author="Bukhvalova, M. A. & Vedenina, V. Yu." pageId="10" pageNumber="515" pagination="109 - 125" refId="ref11553" refString="Bukhvalova, M. A. & Vedenina, V. Yu. (1998) Contributions to the study of acoustic signals of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) from Russia and adjacent countries. I. New recordings of the сalling songs of grasshoppers from Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 7, 109 - 125." type="journal article" year="1998">Bukhvalova & Vedenina, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: recordings from Crimea and
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<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCB0E12FD24F81F4A6D1CC0" box="[765,840,1915,1941]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFCB0E12FC8CF81F4D361CC3" box="[853,1043,1915,1942]" country="Russia" name="Orenburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Orenburg region</collectingRegion>
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), calling song;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCB0E12FB60F81F481C1CEC" author="Tishechkin, D. Yu. & Bukhvalova, M. A." pageId="10" pageNumber="515" pagination="165 - 188" refId="ref12668" refString="Tishechkin, D. Yu. & Bukhvalova, M. A. (2009 b) Acoustic communication in grasshopper communities (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae): segregation of acoustic niches. Russian Entomological Journal, 18, 165 - 188." type="journal article" year="2009">Tishechkin & Bukhvalova, 2009b</bibRefCitation>
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: recordings from Crimea, calling song;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCB0E12FD29F8C44AA11CEC" author="Berger, D." box="[752,900,1951,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" refId="ref11468" refString="Berger, D. (2008) The evolution of complex courtship songs in the genus Stenobothrus Fischer, 1853 (Ortho-ptera, Caelifera, Gomphocerinae). Unpublished doctoral thesis, Friedrich- Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">Berger, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: recordings of
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<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCB0E12FBFEF8C44C0C1CEF" authority="Kr." authorityName="Kr." box="[1063,1321,1951,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrogeniculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCB0E12FBFEF8C44DDA1CEC" box="[1063,1279,1951,1978]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">S. nigrogeniculatus</emphasis>
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Kr.
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCB0E12FAB0F8FB49FA1C88" name="Turkey" pageId="10" pageNumber="515">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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, calling and courtship songs.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0EFCD0FFCA0E13FF4EF82A4A481CA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4358756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358756/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="516" startId="11.[151,250,1870,1894]" targetBox="[268,1335,187,1837]" targetPageId="11">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCA0E13FF4EF82A4A481CA3" blockId="11.[151,1437,1870,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCA0E13FF4EF82A48361C33" bold="true" box="[151,275,1870,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
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Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship songs of three males (A, B, E) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCA0E13FBA6F82A4C401C33" authorityName="Dirsh" authorityYear="1931" box="[1151,1381,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miramae">
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||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCA0E13FBA6F82A4C401C33" box="[1151,1381,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="516">Stenobothrus miramae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Orenburg region. Song recordings are presented at two different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in F–I). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–3. The arrows (G, H) show the period of the leg movements. Frequency spectra shown for the elements 1 (C) and 2 (D).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCD0E14FF1EFFF24CA41840" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCD0E14FF1EFFF2482C1BE5" bold="true" box="[199,265,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Song.</emphasis>
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The courtship song of
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<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCD0E14FDD5FFF34BA91BE5" authorityName="Dirsh" authorityYear="1931" box="[524,652,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miramae">
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<emphasis id="B905704AFFCD0E14FDD5FFF34BA91BE5" box="[524,652,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">S. miramae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FD42FFF34BFA1BE4" box="[667,735,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[268,1335,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[246,1342,179,1844]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship songs of three males (A, B, E) of Stenobothrus miramae from Orenburg region. Song recordings are presented at two different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in F–I). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–3. The arrows (G, H) show the period of the leg movements. Frequency spectra shown for the elements 1 (C) and 2 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358756/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) contains no elements similar to the calling song. The element 1 of the courtship song is produced by the low-amplitude leg movements generating syllables repeated at the rate of about 1–1.5/s (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FEE5FFBB48BD1BAC" box="[316,408,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[268,1335,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[246,1342,179,1844]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship songs of three males (A, B, E) of Stenobothrus miramae from Orenburg region. Song recordings are presented at two different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in F–I). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–3. The arrows (G, H) show the period of the leg movements. Frequency spectra shown for the elements 1 (C) and 2 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358756/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 7 F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each syllable lasting for about 200–250 ms is usually composed of approximately 20 pulses, repeated at the rate of about 95–105/s. In 4.5–7 s, the element 2 follows, lasting 6–8 s and generated by incredibly complex leg movements. The leg-movement analysis reveals about 5-8 long syllables repeated at the rate of about 0.6–0.7/s. One leg is moved up reaching the highest position, then it is moved down, and next it is slightly lifted and kept in intermediate position; in about 400 ms, the leg is moved down and then up, but the amplitude of these movements is lower than during the previous up and down movements (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FC6DFEF74D311AF8" box="[948,1044,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[268,1335,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[246,1342,179,1844]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship songs of three males (A, B, E) of Stenobothrus miramae from Orenburg region. Song recordings are presented at two different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in F–I). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–3. The arrows (G, H) show the period of the leg movements. Frequency spectra shown for the elements 1 (C) and 2 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358756/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 7 G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thereupon the leg is again kept in intermediate position, until the leg is moved up into the highest position. Superimposed on these slow movements are the small-amplitude vibrations of about 90–100/s. Another leg can be moved in about similar pattern but shifted in phase by half a period, or another leg can be moved in a completely different pattern, which can be interpreted as a mirror reflection of the first leg movement, and also with the phase shift (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FC03FD474D1E1968" box="[986,1083,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[268,1335,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[246,1342,179,1844]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship songs of three males (A, B, E) of Stenobothrus miramae from Orenburg region. Song recordings are presented at two different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in F–I). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–3. The arrows (G, H) show the period of the leg movements. Frequency spectra shown for the elements 1 (C) and 2 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358756/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 7 H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oscillographic analysis of the sound shows continuous series of pulses of varying amplitude repeated at the rate of about 90–100/s. The elements 1 and 2 are usually alternated for more than 2 min, and are finally followed by the element 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FAD8FD0F4C5019D0" box="[1281,1397,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[268,1335,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[246,1342,179,1844]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship songs of three males (A, B, E) of Stenobothrus miramae from Orenburg region. Song recordings are presented at two different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in F–I). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–3. The arrows (G, H) show the period of the leg movements. Frequency spectra shown for the elements 1 (C) and 2 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358756/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 7 E, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). A male sitting in front of a female hits the female several times with the head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FC36FDEB4D7519FC" box="[1007,1104,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[205,1373,1183,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-545@12.[152,1436,1137,1577]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Positions of a male of Stenobothrus miramae during the element 3 of courtship. (A) The male hits a female several times with his head; (B) the male slowly raises both hind femora and keeps them over head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358762/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Then the male slowly raises both hind femora through an angle of more than 90° so that the knees appear to be over his head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FB17FDD74C0C1998" box="[1230,1321,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[205,1373,1183,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-545@12.[152,1436,1137,1577]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Positions of a male of Stenobothrus miramae during the element 3 of courtship. (A) The male hits a female several times with his head; (B) the male slowly raises both hind femora and keeps them over head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358762/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 8 B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and keep them in this position for about 5–20 s. The frequency spectra of the elements 1 and 2 have many dominant peaks between 10 and 30 kHz, but one peak around 26 kHz is maximal on the spectrum of the element 2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFCD0E14FB2BFD9F4C511840" box="[1266,1396,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[268,1335,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[246,1342,179,1844]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship songs of three males (A, B, E) of Stenobothrus miramae from Orenburg region. Song recordings are presented at two different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in F–I). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–3. The arrows (G, H) show the period of the leg movements. Frequency spectra shown for the elements 1 (C) and 2 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358756/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Fig. 7 C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCD0E14FF1EFC7A48351F0C" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCD0E14FF1EFC7A48FC186C" bold="true" box="[199,473,798,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Comparative remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The courtship song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCD0E14FD3CFC7B4A42186D" authorityName="Dirsh" authorityYear="1931" box="[741,871,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miramae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCD0E14FD3CFC7B4A42186D" box="[741,871,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">S. miramae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown for the first time. However, it is almost identical to the courtship song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCD0E14FDFCFC274AC01808" authority="Kr." authorityName="Kr." box="[549,997,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrogeniculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCD0E14FDFCFC274A271808" box="[549,770,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">S. nigrogeniculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Kr. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCD0E14FC9BFC274AF81808" author="Berger, D." box="[834,989,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" refId="ref11468" refString="Berger, D. (2008) The evolution of complex courtship songs in the genus Stenobothrus Fischer, 1853 (Ortho-ptera, Caelifera, Gomphocerinae). Unpublished doctoral thesis, Friedrich- Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">Berger, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Taking into account the similarity in the calling songs between these species (e. g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCD0E14FD7AFC034D2618D4" author="Bukhvalova, M. A. & Vedenina, V. Yu." box="[675,1027,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" pagination="109 - 125" refId="ref11553" refString="Bukhvalova, M. A. & Vedenina, V. Yu. (1998) Contributions to the study of acoustic signals of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) from Russia and adjacent countries. I. New recordings of the сalling songs of grasshoppers from Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 7, 109 - 125." type="journal article" year="1998">Bukhvalova & Vedenina, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCD0E14FBC8FC034D8218D4" author="Berger, D." box="[1041,1191,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" refId="ref11468" refString="Berger, D. (2008) The evolution of complex courtship songs in the genus Stenobothrus Fischer, 1853 (Ortho-ptera, Caelifera, Gomphocerinae). Unpublished doctoral thesis, Friedrich- Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">Berger, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), one could suggest a synonymy of these species. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCD0E14FDB5FCEF4A2918F0" author="Berger, D." box="[620,780,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" refId="ref11468" refString="Berger, D. (2008) The evolution of complex courtship songs in the genus Stenobothrus Fischer, 1853 (Ortho-ptera, Caelifera, Gomphocerinae). Unpublished doctoral thesis, Friedrich- Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">Berger (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCD0E14FCC0FCEF4AD718F0" box="[793,1010,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrogeniculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCD0E14FCC0FCEF4AD718F0" box="[793,1010,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">S. nigrogeniculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has unusual history. This species was described by Krauss in 1878 from Dalmatia but afterwards, it was only recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCD0E14FBBCFCCB4D92189C" box="[1125,1207,943,969]" name="Turkey" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In all further works (e. g. Bei-Bienko & Mistshenko, 1951;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCD0E14FD8DFCB74BD918B8" author="Karabag, T." box="[596,764,978,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" refId="ref12162" refString="Karabag, T. (1958) The Orthoptera Fauna of Turkey. Ankara Universitesi Yayinlari, Ankara, 198 pp. [in English and Turkish]" type="book" year="1958">Karabag, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCD0E14FCD1FCB74A9918B8" author="Demirsoy, A." box="[776,956,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" refId="ref11700" refString="Demirsoy, A. (1977) Faunistic description and taxonomic study of Turkish Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera). Ataturk Universitesi Yayynlary, Erzurum, 352 pp. [in Turkish]" type="book" year="1977">Demirsoy, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the Turkish specimens were named under
|
||
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCD0E14FF4EFC9348521F44" box="[151,375,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCD0E14FF4EFC9348511F44" box="[151,372,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrogeniculatus">S. nigrogeniculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but they are suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFCD0E14FD7DFC934A671F44" author="Berger, D." box="[676,834,1015,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="517" refId="ref11468" refString="Berger, D. (2008) The evolution of complex courtship songs in the genus Stenobothrus Fischer, 1853 (Ortho-ptera, Caelifera, Gomphocerinae). Unpublished doctoral thesis, Friedrich- Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">Berger (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be different in morphology and song from the animals described by Krauss. Thus, further taxonomic studies are necessary to solve the problem of the synonymy in this group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |