244 lines
27 KiB
XML
244 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D6587940DBB50F20F45FFE54BB4104B5">A review of the genus Haemonides Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="813D50A9F41ACE05CDA95F34781A1137">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1AA8E2996C078BA6BCC64DC54F6BE8E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BBC19665B3D9C88EF09818CADB120DC5">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BF87CDC10CFFE8FF32FA47C081FDBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6019818" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134089811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6019818" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87CDC10CFFE8FF32FA47C081FDBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87CDC10CFFE8FF32FA47C081FDBC" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C10CFFE9FF32FA47C2C2FA21" box="[151,449,1447,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10CFFE9FF32FA47C2C2FA21" blockId="20.[151,449,1447,1474]" box="[151,449,1447,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<heading id="D0E181B7C10CFFE9FF32FA47C2C2FA21" bold="true" box="[151,449,1447,1474]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FF32FA47C2C2FA21" ID-CoL="RQNS" authority="(Houlbert, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,449,1447,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FF32FA47C2C2FA21" bold="true" box="[151,449,1447,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FF32FA47C3EFFA22" bold="true" box="[151,236,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">strandi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10CFFE9FF5EFA48C2BAFA21" author="Houlbert" box="[251,441,1448,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de Castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indumant employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 13, 49 - 87, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C10CFFE9FF32FA0FC737F9E7" box="[151,1076,1518,1540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10CFFE9FF32FA0FC737F9E7" blockId="20.[151,1076,1518,1540]" box="[151,1076,1518,1540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FF32FA0FC2D4F9E7" ID-CoL="RQNS" authority="Houlbert, 1917" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,471,1518,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FF32FA0FC237F9E7" box="[151,308,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Castnia strandi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10CFFE9FE9FFA0EC2D4F9E7" author="Houlbert" box="[314,471,1518,1540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de Castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indumant employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 13, 49 - 87, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FE44FA0EC061F9E7" box="[481,866,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Études de Lépidoptérologie comparée</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FCCDFA0FC082F9E7" bold="true" box="[872,897,1519,1540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">13</emphasis>
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: 75–76. (fig. 16).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C10CFFE8FF32F9D1C2ADFF37" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10CFFE9FF32F9D1C7D1F955" blockId="20.[151,1437,1585,2006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FF32F9D1C245F9A9" bold="true" box="[151,326,1585,1610]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Type material.</emphasis>
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GL believes he has found the specimen used by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10CFFE9FCD0F9D1C69FF9A9" author="Strand" box="[885,1436,1585,1610]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 6 (1). A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="c">
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Strand (1913: 12, pl. 6c, fig. [1], as
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FAABF9D2C662F9AA" box="[1294,1377,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">cronius</emphasis>
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[sic])
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</bibRefCitation>
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for his illustration of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FE35F9B6C2FAF98E" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[400,505,1622,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FE35F9B6C2FAF98E" box="[400,505,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">C. cronis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in MNHU; it is a female, as is the illustration. Embrik Strand (
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<date id="FFA8101BC10CFFE9FB7BF9B5C65DF98D" box="[1246,1374,1621,1646]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" value="1876" valueMax="1947">1876–1947</date>
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) was working in MNHU in 1913 so he must have seen this specimen in Staudinger’s collection deposited there; it is therefore highly likely that this is a syntype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FD07F97DC1F2F956" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[674,753,1693,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FD07F97DC1F2F956" box="[674,753,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">strandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It has no data other than “Coll. Sommer”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10CFFE9FF62F921C085F889" blockId="20.[151,1437,1585,2006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FF62F921C26BF939" bold="true" box="[199,360,1729,1754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C10CFFE9FF62F921C201F939" box="[199,258,1729,1754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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In Strand’s (1913: 12) entry for
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FD42F921C03EF93A" box="[743,829,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronida">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FD42F921C03EF93A" box="[743,829,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">cronida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which follows his entry for
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FB34F922C7D5F93A" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1169,1238,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FB34F922C7D5F93A" box="[1169,1238,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">cronis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, he writes “Both occurr [sic] in
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC10CFFE9FE9AF905C296F91D" box="[319,405,1765,1790]" name="Guyana" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Guiana</collectingCountry>
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”. As he believed he was merely providing an example of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FB8CF906C76DF91E" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1065,1134,1766,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FB8CF906C76DF91E" box="[1065,1134,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">cronis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this cannot be taken as an indication of the
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C10CFFE9FEFFF8EAC289F8C1" box="[346,394,1802,1826]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10CFFE9FE50F8E9C1AFF8C1" author="Houlbert" box="[501,684,1801,1826]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de Castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indumant employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 13, 49 - 87, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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writes “sa patrie serait la
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC10CFFE9FC7DF8EAC731F8C1" box="[984,1074,1802,1826]" name="French Guiana" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C10CFFE9FC7DF8EAC731F8C1" box="[984,1074,1802,1826]" country="France" name="Guyane" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Guyane</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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, mais aucune indication précise n’a été donée sur ce point”; therefore the
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C10CFFE9FDC6F8CEC190F8A5" box="[611,659,1838,1862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">type</typeStatus>
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locality is unknown with both authors merely stating that the taxon is found in
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC10CFFE9FF59F8B1C2A6F889" box="[252,421,1873,1898]" name="French Guiana" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C10CFFE9FF59F8B1C2A6F889" box="[252,421,1873,1898]" country="France" name="Guyane" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">French Guiana</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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, although Strand may have meant
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC10CFFE9FC82F8B2C081F889" box="[807,898,1874,1898]" name="Guyana" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10CFFE8FF62F895C2ADFF37" blockId="20.[151,1437,1585,2006]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FF62F895C29DF86D" bold="true" box="[199,414,1909,1934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
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The name is a junior primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FC21F896C638F86D" authority="Niepelt, 1914" authorityName="Niepelt" authorityYear="1914" box="[900,1339,1909,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi" subGenus="Gazera">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FC21F896C0D8F86E" box="[900,987,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Castnia</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FC4EF896C73EF86E" box="[1003,1085,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">Gazera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FBE8F895C79FF86E" box="[1101,1180,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">strandi</emphasis>
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Niepelt, 1914
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</taxonomicName>
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and was replaced by
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FE89F87AC1E6F851" authority="Lamas, 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" box="[300,741,1945,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="candida" subSpecies="houlbertina">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FE89F87AC13CF852" box="[300,575,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">H. candida houlbertina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10CFFE9FDE9F87AC1E6F851" author="Lamas" box="[588,741,1945,1970]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It was originally described as a species and treated as a subspecies of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FE98F85EC281F836" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[317,386,1982,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FE98F85EC281F836" box="[317,386,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10CFFE9FE10F85DC156F835" author="Miller" box="[437,597,1981,2006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10CFFE9FDC0F85EC005F835" author="Lamas" box="[613,774,1981,2006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
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then treated it as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10CFFE9FB07F85EC620F836" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1186,1315,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10CFFE9FB07F85EC620F836" box="[1186,1315,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="265">H. candida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, to which Strand’s (1913) figure bears little resemblance. However, it is here considered to be a junior subjective synonym of nominotypical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FE9AFF5DC2A5FF37" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[319,422,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FE9AFF5DC2A5FF37" box="[319,422,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6550C10DFFE8FF62FF3FC1C2FF1B" box="[199,705,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10DFFE8FF62FF3FC1C2FF1B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,608]" box="[199,705,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FF62FF3FC263FF1B" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Not relevant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FDA5FF00C173FF14" authorityName="cronis (Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[512,624,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="cronis">
|
||
see
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FD8EFF00C173FF14" box="[555,624,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6550C10DFFE8FF62FEE4C081FDBC" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10DFFE8FF62FEE4C081FDBC" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FF62FEE4C24FFEFE" bold="true" box="[199,332,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a name given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10DFFE8FDD7FEE4C02AFEFF" author="Houlbert" box="[626,809,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de Castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indumant employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 13, 49 - 87, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for Strand’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FC65FEE4C766FEFF" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[960,1125,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FC65FEE4C766FEFF" box="[960,1125,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">Castnia cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10DFFE8FBD1FEE4C613FEFF" author="Strand" box="[1140,1296,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 6 (1). A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1913">Strand (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was merely listing the known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FECFFEC7C2E3FEA3" authorityName=", Moraes & Duarte" authorityYear="2014" box="[362,480,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Seitz’s magnum opus and provided a brief description and figure for Cramer’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FF32FEACC23AFE87" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,313,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FF32FEACC23AFE87" box="[151,313,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">Papilio cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10DFFE8FEEFFEACC101FE87" author="Houlbert" box="[330,514,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de Castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indumant employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 13, 49 - 87, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
decided that Strand’s illustration represented a different species from Cramer’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FF32FE90C3DFFE64" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,220,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FF32FE90C3DFFE64" box="[151,220,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and proposed the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FE58FE90C14FFE6B" authorityName="Niepelt" authorityYear="1914" box="[509,588,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FE58FE90C14FFE6B" box="[509,588,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">strandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the new species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC10DFFE8FCEFFE90C0EAFE6B" author="Lamas" box="[842,1001,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then proposed the replacement name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FF32FE74C219FE4F" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,282,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="candida" subSpecies="houlbertina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FF32FE74C219FE4F" box="[151,282,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">houlbertina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the homonymic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FDAEFE74C159FE4F" authorityName="Niepelt" authorityYear="1914" box="[523,602,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FDAEFE74C159FE4F" box="[523,602,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">strandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and moved it to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FC0AFE75C72DFE4F" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[943,1070,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FC0AFE75C72DFE4F" box="[943,1070,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">H. candida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At the time that Houlbert was writing specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FE22FE58C110FE33" box="[391,531,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FE22FE58C110FE33" box="[391,531,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">Haemonides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were very rare in collections and it seems from his treatise that he had never seen an actual specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FE3CFE3DC101FE17" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[409,514,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FE3CFE3DC101FE17" box="[409,514,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but was only working from illustrations in past works. He could also have been confused by the fact that Cramer’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD8879C10DFFE8FDB8FDE0C14EFDFB" box="[541,589,512,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FDD4FDE0C1B5FDF4" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[625,694,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FDD4FDE0C1B5FDF4" box="[625,694,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was an artefact which included the forewings of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FB4EFDE0C633FDF4" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1259,1328,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FB4EFDE0C633FDF4" box="[1259,1328,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male and Strand’s figure was a female. Much more material of all taxa has been available for this work, which shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FF32FDA8C3E5FD83" authorityName="Niepelt" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,230,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FF32FDA8C3E5FD83" box="[151,230,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">strandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is within the range of variation of nominotypical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10DFFE8FCB1FDA9C078FDBC" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[788,891,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10DFFE8FCB1FDA9C078FDBC" box="[788,891,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="266">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |