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<mods:title id="65BE4035CE6E96A6CA1B11019B82CF87">The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="346081A6EF15691287B013052AD4A170">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09F245832013376AF8B7373257B4004A">Trape, Jean François</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7543CF9D911ABBFAA011D2D2786C1AE5">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FE38CBF9CECE365FF06AE25CE72FE63E">UMR 7205 OSEB, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Département de Systématique et Évolution, Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) pdavid @ mnhn. fr ohler @ mnhn. fr adubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3318C3E9EFA20C16B875E59C37417E38">Glitho, Isabelle Adolé</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0E9FA34C0376E7BFF6CFC116D1DE3E3" box="[129,631,912,940]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0376E7BFF6CFC116D1DE3E3" authority="(Hallowell, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[129,631,912,940]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Philothamnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterodermus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0376E7BFF6CFC116EC5E3E4" bold="true" box="[129,431,912,939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Philothamnus heterodermus</emphasis>
(Hallowell, 1857)
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<materialsCitation id="3B764705C0376E7BFF9CFC4F6D3FE424" collectionCode="MRAC" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" specimenCode="MRAC 29674, MRAC 29678, MRAC 29711, MRAC 29713, MRAC 73014.0064, MRAC 29714" specimenCount="12">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<specimenCount id="9D1886D1C0376E7BFE88FC4F6E8CE3A9" box="[357,486,974,998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0376E7BFE1FFC4F6DE9E3A9" box="[498,643,974,998]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="Museum">MRAC 29674</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0376E7BFF9DFC686E6BE44E" box="[112,257,1001,1025]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="Museum">MRAC 29678</specimenCode>
, Missahohe;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0376E7BFE6DFC686D7BE44E" box="[384,529,1001,1025]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="Museum">MRAC 29711</specimenCode>
, Atakpame;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0376E7BFF9FFB826E6CE454" box="[114,262,1027,1051]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="Museum">MRAC 29713</specimenCode>
, Kamina;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0376E7BFE9DFB826D55E454" box="[368,575,1027,1051]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="Museum">MRAC 73014.0064</specimenCode>
, Agou;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0376E7BFF9EFB9F6E69E479" box="[115,259,1054,1078]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="Museum">MRAC 29714</specimenCode>
, Edifou; GHS-W 0023, Agave; GHS-W 0627 and GHS-W 1249, Yo [Agome Yo]; GHS-Togo 49, Sodo; GHS-Togo 51, GHS-Togo 72, Sodo Zion)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0376E7BFF9CFB066D29E4A1" blockId="10.[111,649,1159,1262]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
MORPHOLOGY. — TL from
<quantity id="4CE6E0BDC0376E7BFE65FB066D4DE4D0" box="[392,551,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" unit="mm" value="555.0" valueMax="870.0" valueMin="240.0">240 to 870 mm</quantity>
; 15 MSR smooth and oblique; 153-161 Ven, keeled; 84-87 Sc, paired; anal single; 8-9 supralabials; 9-10 infralabials; 1 preocular; 2 postoculars; temporal scale formula 2 + 2 or 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0376E7BFF9CFA8B6E50E5B9" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0376E7BFF9CFA8B6E50E5B9" blockId="10.[112,648,1290,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
DISTRIBUTION. — This species inhabits mostly forests. It occurs in ER IV; however, specimens not yet deposited were recently collected near Aledjo in ER II. Previously,
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0376E7BFF9DFADB6E12E53D" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[112,376,1370,1394]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Philothamnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterodermus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0376E7BFF9DFADB6E12E53D" box="[112,376,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Philothamnus heterodermus</emphasis>
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had been cited from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0376E7BFDB9FADB6DECE53D" box="[596,646,1370,1394]" name="Togo" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFF7CFAF56E5FE5C3" author="MATSCHIE P." box="[145,309,1396,1420]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref28100" refString="MATSCHIE P. 1893. - Die Reptilien und Amphibien Togogebietes. Mittheilungen von Forschungsreisenden und Gelehrten aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, mit Benutzung amtlicher Quellen 6: 207 - 215." type="journal article" year="1893">Matschie (1893)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFED2FAF56EB8E5C3" author="WERNER F." box="[319,466,1396,1420]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="332 - 348" refId="ref29695" refString="WERNER F. 1902. - Uber westafrikanische Reptilien. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen Zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 52: 332 - 348." type="journal article" year="1902">Werner (1902)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFE30FAF56DEEE5C3" author="STERNFELD L." box="[477,644,1396,1420]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="207 - 236" refId="ref29004" refString="STERNFELD L. 1908 b. - Die Schlangenfauna Togos. Mittheilungen Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 4: 207 - 236." type="journal article" year="1908">Sternfeld (1908b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFF9CFA0E6FCFE5E8" author="STERNFELD L." box="[113,165,1423,1447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" refId="ref29026" refString="STERNFELD L. 1909. - Die Schlangen Togos, in Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien 1 (1): iv + 29 p., map." type="book" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
) from Missahohe and Bismarkburg (now Yegue in Adele),
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFF31FA286EE0E58E" author="LOVERIDGE A." box="[220,394,1449,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref28026" refString="LOVERIDGE A. 1958. - Revision of five snake genera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 119 (1): 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1958">Loveridge (1958)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFE7BFA286FD2E593" author="HULSELMANS J. L. J. &amp; VERHEYEN W. N." pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="200 - 204" refId="ref27452" refString="HULSELMANS J. L. J. &amp; VERHEYEN W. N. 1970. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo: Liste preliminaire des serpents recoltes par la deuxieme mission zoologique belge au Togo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 82 (1 - 2): 200 - 204." type="journal article" year="1970">Hulselmans &amp; Verheyen (1970)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFF29FA456ED3E593" author="HULSELMANS J. L. J. &amp; DE VREE F. &amp; VAN DER STRAETEN E." box="[196,441,1475,1500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="46 - 49" refId="ref27570" refString="HULSELMANS J. L. J., DE VREE F. &amp; VAN DER STRAETEN E. 1971. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo: liste preliminaire des serpents recoltes par la troisieme mission zoologique belge au Togo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 84 (1 - 2): 46 - 49." type="journal article" year="1971">
Hulselmans
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0376E7BFED0FA456E07E594" box="[317,365,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
(1971)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFE28FA456D30E593" author="HUGHES B." box="[453,602,1476,1500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="511 - 530" refId="ref27305" refString="HUGHES B. 1985. - Progress on a taxonomic revision of the African green tree snakes (Philothamnus spp.), in SCHUCHMANN K-L. (ed.). Proceeding of the International Symposium on African Vertebrates. Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut &amp; Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn: 511 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1985">Hughes (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0376E7BFF9CFA5F6E5FE5B9" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[113,309,1502,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref27816" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45." type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0376E7BFF56FA5E6F80E5B9" box="[187,234,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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