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<document id="BDBC306CBE18AA6387C218503060A5DE" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2011n3a4" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547017" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613606754513" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude, Trape, Jean François, David, Patrick, Ohler, Annemarie, Dubois, Alain &amp; Glitho, Isabelle Adolé" docDate="2011" docId="03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.33.3.325-360.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B.6:Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Psammophylax togoensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="347" masterDocId="FF8E8436C03D6E71FFEDFF816F6AE04F" masterDocTitle="The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems" masterLastPageNumber="360" masterPageNumber="325" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1698873147243" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="CC6E09D1F694B4F87CC520062EABF2B1">The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C57B8032F88BEA6DD17AC9ECE8F9F134">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4001F140DCE958CD22F731D0E452FA65">Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) h _ segniagbeto @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7522C869B628A09D21B8740FD0F05096">Trape, Jean François</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="12E4874A1661A605A9A386782A76B743">Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie médicale, UR 77, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Dakar, BP 1386, Dakar (Senegal) jean-françois. trape @ ird. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C8596B9F0956AC6636FA35910062BADE">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B217527FDCDB51B25660AE6B9CA2FD9A">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A77A87AB8C944B9FC4B3FC9CC2F48A48" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8A55C314321A2AE3BC343EC6CECF422A">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="48617678CE56B0DBEF36756F1BEE6260">UMR 7205 OSEB, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Département de Systématique et Évolution, Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) pdavid @ mnhn. fr ohler @ mnhn. fr adubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2925C0F25EA056D3D8F288077ACA4B28">Glitho, Isabelle Adolé</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B605A1FA539BB6A597B8A7162340FAB9">Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) iglitho @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0BD43EDB502E12CB0AC0BA353329C8C4" type="email">iglitho@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F08E7F4B5A98C16930DB4A09239ED773">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="52304078124B0DF1AF8211F23E574D1F">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="260527901B4384765EAF3F0567EC8B63">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B5559D262CE6F800B418834A04E9B854">2011-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="4F893A1A19684389AFFD27CE8D9FAC5D">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a4</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="CA0C71C5F15BE262D6FC5629776948C9" type="Zenodo-Dep">4547017</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C02B6E67FF75FDF26D0AE2C0" box="[152,608,627,655]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FF75FDF26D0AE2C0" blockId="22.[152,608,627,655]" box="[152,608,627,655]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
<heading id="D0E9FA34C02B6E67FF75FDF26D0AE2C0" box="[152,608,627,655]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FF75FDF26D0AE2C0" authority="(Matschie, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[152,608,627,655]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FF75FDF26EF5E2C1" bold="true" box="[152,415,627,654]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Psammophylax togoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FE40FDF56D32E2C0" author="MATSCHIE P." box="[429,600,628,655]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref28100" refString="MATSCHIE P. 1893. - Die Reptilien und Amphibien Togogebietes. Mittheilungen von Forschungsreisenden und Gelehrten aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, mit Benutzung amtlicher Quellen 6: 207 - 215." type="journal article" year="1893">Matschie, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C02B6E67FF9CFD2C6D60E428" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FF9CFD2C6F86E382" blockId="22.[111,648,685,973]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
<materialsCitation id="3B764705C02B6E67FF9CFD2C6F82E382" accessionNumber="ZMB 13249, ZMB 11237 and ZMB 13828" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Ivory Coast" county="National Park of Garamba" location="Wakwa" municipality="Gangala" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" specimenCode="MNHN 1972.0151, 0153, MNHN 2002.0944, MNHN 1977.0420, 0429, MNHN 1990.4777, MNHN 1995.9508, MNHN 1904.421, MRAC 20445, MRAC 30785-30790, MNHN 1990.4771" specimenCount="27">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<specimenCount id="9D1886D1C02B6E67FE94FD2C6D69E28A" box="[377,515,685,709]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
(Cameroon:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FF9EFD466E46E290" box="[115,300,711,735]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">MNHN 1972.0151</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FEDEFD466E09E290" box="[307,355,711,735]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">0153</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C02B6E67FE84FD466EC7E290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8:8EC11B83C02B6E67FE84FD466EC7E290" box="[361,429,711,735]" country="Ivory Coast" county="National Park of Garamba" municipality="Gangala" name="Wakwa" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Wakwa</location>
[
<location id="8EC11B83C02B6E67FE58FD466D46E290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8:8EC11B83C02B6E67FE58FD466D46E290" box="[437,556,711,735]" country="Ivory Coast" county="National Park of Garamba" municipality="Gangala" name="Ngaoundere" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Ngaoundere</location>
];
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FDD5FD466FB1E2B5" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">MNHN 2002.0944</specimenCode>
<location id="8EC11B83C02B6E67FF0DFD636E76E2B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8:8EC11B83C02B6E67FF0DFD636E76E2B5" box="[224,284,738,762]" country="Ivory Coast" county="National Park of Garamba" municipality="Gangala" name="Ghata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Ghata</location>
[Mungo Vill.];
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FE59FD636D42E2B5" box="[436,552,738,762]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FDDCFD636F89E35B" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">MNHN 1977.0420</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FF07FD7D6E4AE35B" box="[234,288,764,788]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">0429</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FEC1FD7D6E93E35B" box="[300,505,764,788]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">MNHN 1990.4777</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FDDDFD7D6F8CE360" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">MNHN 1995.9508</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C02B6E67FF1FFC966E5DE360" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC02B6E67FF75FDF26B50E5E8:8EC11B83C02B6E67FF1FFC966E5DE360" box="[242,311,791,815]" country="Ivory Coast" county="National Park of Garamba" municipality="Gangala" name="Lamto" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Lamto</location>
; Guinea:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FE73FC966D0BE360" box="[414,609,791,815]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">MNHN 1904.421</specimenCode>
, no specific locality;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FEE1FCB06E2AE306" box="[268,320,817,841]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">DRC</collectingCountry>
[Democratic Republic of Congo]:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FF9DFCCD6E6BE32B" box="[112,257,844,868]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="Museum">MRAC 20445</specimenCode>
[
<typeStatus id="54A5F3FAC02B6E67FEFDFCCD6E57E32B" box="[272,317,844,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FE8EFCCA6F86E331" authority="de Witte, 1959" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1959" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garambensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FE8EFCCA6D0CE32C" box="[355,614,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Rhamphiophis garambensis</emphasis>
de Witte, 1959
</taxonomicName>
],
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC5D722C02B6E67FF16FCE76E27E331" box="[251,333,870,894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Gangala</collectingMunicipality>
;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FEBBFCE76D40E331" box="[342,554,870,894]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="Museum">MRAC 30785-30790</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C035D4C02B6E67FDDEFCE76E7CE3D7" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">National Park of Garamba</collectingCounty>
; Togo:
<collectionCode id="ED0FD59DC02B6E67FEB7FC016EFBE3D7" box="[346,401,896,920]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
13249,
<collectionCode id="ED0FD59DC02B6E67FE0DFC016D7DE3D7" box="[480,535,896,920]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
11237 and
<collectionCode id="ED0FD59DC02B6E67FF9CFC1A6FC2E3FC" box="[113,168,923,947]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
13828, no specific locality; no locality:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C02B6E67FDDEFC1A6F8BE382" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">MNHN 1990.4771</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF611DD0C02B6E67FD48FD5B6C22E34D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4547040/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" startId="22.[677,688,730,747]" targetBox="[677,1210,215,687]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FD48FD5B6C22E34D" blockId="22.[677,1210,730,770]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
FIG. 8. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FD1EFD5B6B5DE2A4" authority="(Hallowell, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[755,1079,730,747]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phillipsii">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FD1EFD5B6CCCE2A4" box="[755,934,730,747]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Psammophis phillipsii</emphasis>
(Hallowell, 1844)
</taxonomicName>
, Sokode. Photo by G. Segniagbeto.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FF9CFC646D60E428" blockId="22.[112,647,997,1127]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
MORPHOLOGY. — TL from
<quantity id="4CE6E0BDC02B6E67FE96FC646D7BE3B2" box="[379,529,997,1021]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.59" metricValueMax="6.859999999999999" metricValueMin="2.32" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="459.0" valueMax="686.0" valueMin="232.0">232 to 686 mm</quantity>
; rostral scale very prominent and well visible from above; 17 MSR, smooth; 170-181 Ven, smooth; 57-72 Sc, paired; anal divided; 7-8 supralabials; 9 infralabials; 2 preoculars; 2 postoculars; temporal scale formula 2 + 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C02B6E67FF9CFBFF6E8EE525" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FF9CFBFF6E8EE525" blockId="22.[112,648,1150,1386]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
DISTRIBUTION. — Very little is known on the status and distribution of this taxon. It was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FDC1FB186FDEE484" author="MATSCHIE P." pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref28100" refString="MATSCHIE P. 1893. - Die Reptilien und Amphibien Togogebietes. Mittheilungen von Forschungsreisenden und Gelehrten aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, mit Benutzung amtlicher Quellen 6: 207 - 215." type="journal article" year="1893">Matschie (1893)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FF1EFB326E4FE484" box="[243,293,1203,1227]" name="Togo" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Togo</collectingCountry>
without a precise locality as
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FDABFB326E70E4AA" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FDABFB326E70E4AA" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Rhamphiophis togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FEC5FB4F6EABE4A9" author="WERNER F." box="[296,449,1230,1254]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="191 - 230" refId="ref29615" refString="WERNER F. 1898. - Uber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun undTunis dem Kgl. Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Verhandlungen der kaiserlichkoniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft inWien 58: 191 - 230, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1898">Werner (1898)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FE20FB4F6DE8E4A9" author="STERNFELD L." box="[461,642,1230,1254]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="207 - 236" refId="ref29004" refString="STERNFELD L. 1908 b. - Die Schlangenfauna Togos. Mittheilungen Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 4: 207 - 236." type="journal article" year="1908">Sternfeld (1908b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FF9EFB696E6CE54F" author="ROMAN B." box="[115,262,1256,1280]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" refId="ref28669" refString="ROMAN B. 1984. - Serpents des Pays de l'Entente. C. N. R. S. T., Ouagadougou, 45 p." type="book" year="1984">Roman (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FED6FB696E82E54F" author="CHIPPAUX J. - P." box="[315,488,1256,1280]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" refId="ref26729" refString="CHIPPAUX J. - P. 2006. - Les serpents d'Afrique Occidentale et Centrale. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales, Paris, IRD Editions 35: 311 p." type="book" year="2006">Chippaux (2006)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned its presence in
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FEE1FA826E28E554" box="[268,322,1283,1307]" name="Togo" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Togo</collectingCountry>
. However, the lack of preserved specimens with a precise locality makes it impossible to describe exactly the distribution of this subspecies and the evaluation of its taxonomic status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C02B6E67FF9CFA0D6B50E5E8" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FF9CFA0D6FA1E5EA" blockId="22.[111,648,1420,1700]" box="[113,203,1420,1447]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FF9CFA2A6BF1E3E3" blockId="22.[111,648,1420,1700]" lastBlockId="22.[674,1212,849,1447]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FF9CFA2A6E52E589" author="BROADLEY D. G." box="[113,312,1451,1478]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref26421" refString="BROADLEY D. G. 1971 b. - A review of Rhamphiophis acutus (Gunther) with the description of a new subspecies from Zambia (Serpentes: Colubridae). Arnoldia Rhodesia 5 (8): 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1971">Broadley (1971b)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FE98FA2A6DECE589" author="CHIRIO L. &amp; INEICH I." box="[373,646,1451,1478]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="217 - 235" refId="ref26604" refString="CHIRIO L. &amp; INEICH I. 1991. - Les genres Rhamphiophis Peters, 1854 et Dipsina Jan, 1863 (Serpents, Colubridae): revue des taxons reconnus et description d'une nouvelle espece. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4) 13 (1 - 2): 217 - 235." type="journal article" year="1991">Chirio &amp; Ineich (1991)</bibRefCitation>
maintained
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FF1AFA4D6ED6E5AA" authorityName="Pitman" authorityYear="1974" box="[247,444,1484,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="acutus" subSpecies="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FF1AFA4D6ED6E5AA" box="[247,444,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">R. acutus togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FF9EFA6A6E9BE649" authority="(Gunther, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[115,497,1515,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FF9EFA6A6E29E64B" box="[115,323,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Rhamphiophis acutus</emphasis>
(Günther, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
. We compared the characters of specimens referred to the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FF82F9AA6E4DE60B" authorityName="Pitman" authorityYear="1974" box="[111,295,1579,1604]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="acutus" subSpecies="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FF82F9AA6E4DE60B" box="[111,295,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">R. acutus togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to those of the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FDADF9AB6E38E62B" authority="acutus" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="acutus" subSpecies="acutus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FDADF9AB6E38E62B" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Rhamphiophis acutus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the following specimens:
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FF1DF9E86E2BE6CB" box="[240,321,1641,1668]" name="Angola" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Angola</collectingCountry>
: BMNH 1945.1.2.81, Pungo Andongo;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FF32F9086E40E6EB" box="[223,298,1673,1700]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Congo</collectingCountry>
: MNHN 1896.0069;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FDE3F9086D3CE6EB" box="[526,598,1673,1700]" name="Gabon" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Gabon</collectingCountry>
(un- certain according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FC9FFCD06BC5E323" author="PAUWELS O. S. G. &amp; VANDE WEGHE J. P." box="[882,1199,849,876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" refId="ref28232" refString="PAUWELS O. S. G. &amp; VANDE WEGHE J. P. 2008. - Les Reptiles du Gabon. Washington, Smithsonian Institution: 272 p." type="book" year="2008">Pauwels &amp; Vande Weghe 2008</bibRefCitation>
): MNHN 1933.0170;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C02B6E67FC6EFCF06CABE3C3" box="[899,961,881,908]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">RDC</collectingCountry>
: MRAC 18611-18615, Mont
<collectingRegion id="49DA83BAC02B6E67FD05FC106C28E3E3" box="[744,834,913,940]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Katanga" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Katanga</collectingRegion>
. Results are presented in
<tableCitation id="C69C78E3C02B6E67FBAAFC106BFDE3E3" box="[1095,1175,913,940]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[113,124,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 2. — A comparison of morphological characters between Psammophylax acutus (Günther, 1888) and P. togoensis (Matschie, 1893). Abbreviations: BL, body length, from the tip of snout to vent; TaL, tail length, from vent to the tip of the tail; x, mean ± SD." pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C02B6E67FD56FC316B50E5E8" blockId="22.[674,1212,849,1447]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">
In spite of the limited sample of the taxon
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FB95FC306BD3E385" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1144,1209,945,970]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Rhamphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FB95FC306BD3E385" box="[1144,1209,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available to us, we can separate
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FC03FC516C17E444" authority="(Gunther, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FC03FC516DA8E445" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Psammophylax acutus</emphasis>
(Günther, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FC2CFC716C0CE464" authority="(Matschie, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FC2CFC716BD0E445" box="[961,1210,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Psammophylax togoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FD40FB916C34E464" author="MATSCHIE P." box="[685,862,1040,1067]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref28100" refString="MATSCHIE P. 1893. - Die Reptilien und Amphibien Togogebietes. Mittheilungen von Forschungsreisenden und Gelehrten aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, mit Benutzung amtlicher Quellen 6: 207 - 215." type="journal article" year="1893">Matschie, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
both on the basis of constant morphological characters, such as the presence of ventrolateral stripes, and of their geographical distribution. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FD48FB0E6DD0E4E7" box="[677,698,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">U</emphasis>
test, implemented in SPSS 16.0 to compare the difference between the two species in the “BL/TaL
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FB41FB2F6BD3E487" bold="true" box="[1196,1209,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347"></emphasis>
variable, shows a significant difference between the two samples (Mann-Whitney
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FC34FB6F6C87E548" box="[985,1005,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">U</emphasis>
test: X2 = 31.00; P = 0.03; P &lt;0.05). Based on these results, we follow
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FD48FAAC6CD3E507" author="CHIRIO L. &amp; LEBRETON M." box="[677,953,1325,1352]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" refId="ref26694" refString="CHIRIO L. &amp; LEBRETON M. 2007. - Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. Collection Patrimoines naturels n ° 67, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, IRD, Paris, 688 p." type="book" year="2007">Chirio &amp; Lebreton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
in considering the taxon
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FD4EFACC6D91E529" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[675,763,1357,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FD4EFACC6D91E529" box="[675,763,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a valid species. Recently,
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FBBFFACD6C79E5C9" genus="Ramphiophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FBBFFACD6C79E5C9" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Ramphiophis acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was referred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC02B6E67FBCDFAED6C22E5E8" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Psammophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FBCDFAED6BD3E5C9" box="[1056,1209,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">Psammophylax</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C02B6E67FC9DFA0D6B5CE5E8" author="KELLY C. M. R. &amp; BARKER N. P. &amp; VILLET M. H. &amp; BROADLEY D. G. &amp; BRANCH W. R." box="[880,1078,1420,1447]" pageId="22" pageNumber="347" pagination="1045 - 1060" refId="ref27713" refString="KELLY C. M. R., BARKER N. P., VILLET M. H., BROADLEY D. G. &amp; BRANCH W. R. 2008. - The snake family Psammophiidae (Reptilia: Serpentes): phylogenetics and species delimitation in the African sand snakes (Psammophis Boie, 1825) and allied genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 1045 - 1060." type="journal article" year="2008">
Kelly
<emphasis id="B96A914AC02B6E67FC42FA0D6C89E5E9" box="[943,995,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="347">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>