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<document id="E479B074E6D7E1A24878D17EDEECCE3A" ID-CLB-Dataset="51191" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4066.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85799b66-4ad2-47b3-9945-25171f245c35" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262036" ID-ZooBank="D770E473-B8E0-4CF5-BB61-B7C69D4C9F85" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459685473629" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Teng-Wei, Ahyong, Shane T. &amp; Chan, Tin-Yam" docDate="2016" docId="03A8F14FFFB3FF9CFF32FAFBE1EA4E2A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4066.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4066 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lithodes longispina Sakai 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="176" masterDocId="FF918937FFB3FF9FFFA5FF9DE2694D59" masterDocTitle="First records of Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae) from southwestern Taiwan, including a site in the vicinity of a cold seep" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="173" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1698208821456" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3891D1F069F73EBC13300DE4FDE2AE1F">First records of Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae) from southwestern Taiwan, including a site in the vicinity of a cold seep</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA0FFBF26CB19AB10F733864D1EDB91C">Wang, Teng-Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C24BAEFF26E4DB34825A4F5FFF69425A">Ahyong, Shane T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EBA27A8D2921AEE0A08EBA2421708250">Chan, Tin-Yam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="01A7FE7F273958F81249FD2F6F4F42DD">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="65DACB37365DCB43CE12EED2462EA700">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D4547B8FE617AC2D9255705648E513D8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4066.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A8F14FFFB3FF9CFF32FAFBE1EA4E2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6058499" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119333136" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6058499" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8F14FFFB3FF9CFF32FAFBE1EA4E2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8F14FFFB3FF9CFF32FAFBE1EA4E2A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<subSubSection id="C31B13D2FFB3FF9FFF32FAFBE36248F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB3FF9FFF32FAFBE07548D8" blockId="0.[151,1436,1313,1502]" box="[151,540,1382,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="D0F6F735FFB3FF9FFF32FAFBE07548D8" bold="true" box="[151,540,1382,1409]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB3FF9FFF32FAFBE07548D8" ID-CoL="952384b9-4c8a-41a6-98d1-194472242a33" authority="Sakai, 1971" authorityName="Sakai" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,540,1382,1409]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB3FF9FFF32FAFBE07548D8" bold="true" box="[151,540,1382,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB3FF9FFF32FAFBE3EC48D9" bold="true" box="[151,389,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB3FF9FFE29FAFAE07548D8" author="Sakai" box="[396,540,1383,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="176" refString="Sakai, T. (1971) Illustrations of 15 species of crabs of the family Lithodidae, two of which are new to science. Researches on Crustacea, 4 - 5, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1971">Sakai, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB3FF9FFF32FA14E36248F9" blockId="0.[151,1436,1313,1502]" box="[151,267,1417,1440]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
(
<figureCitation id="133A5CDCFFB3FF9FFF3AFA14E36D48F9" box="[159,260,1417,1440]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,244,1756,1777]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,244,1917,1938]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,351,1732]" captionTargetBox-1="[229,1365,493,1893]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,333,1732]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[219,1375,487,1904]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971, off southwestern Taiwan: a, stn CST 2, 1360 – 1669 m, ovigerous female (cl 163.5 mm, pcl 110.9 mm, cw 100.5 mm), NTOU A 01420; b, stn PCP 445, 982 – 999 m, male (cl 34.0 mm, pcl 22.0 mm, cw 20.0 mm), NTOU A 01419; c, stn PCP 344, 995 – 1073 m, male (cl 20.0 mm, pcl 11.0 mm, cw 9.0 mm), NTOU A 01414." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971, off southwestern Taiwan, stn CST 2, 1360 – 1669 m, ovigerous female (cl 163.5 mm, pcl 110.9 mm, cw 100.5 mm), NTOU A 01420: a, carapace, dorsal view; b, anterior carapace, right lateral view; c, right antennal peduncle, dorsal view; d, right pereiopod 4; e, dactylus of right pereiopod 4. Scales = 10 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/262037/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/262038/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B13D2FFB3FF9FFF32FA31E1DE4887" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB3FF9FFF32FA31E1DE4887" blockId="0.[151,1436,1313,1502]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB116777FFB3FF9FFF32FA31E1DE4887" infered="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB3FF9FFF32FA31E0604898" ID-CoL="952384b9-4c8a-41a6-98d1-194472242a33" authority="T. Sakai, 1971: 11" authorityName="T. Sakai" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,521,1452,1473]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB3FF9FFF32FA31E33D4898" box="[151,340,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA06648FFB3FF9FFEFFFA31E0604898" author="Sakai" box="[346,521,1452,1473]" page="11" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB3FF9FFEFFFA31E38E4898" author="Sakai" box="[346,487,1452,1473]" pageId="0" pageNumber="176" refString="Sakai, T. (1971) Illustrations of 15 species of crabs of the family Lithodidae, two of which are new to science. Researches on Crustacea, 4 - 5, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1971">T. Sakai, 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 33, pl. 9–11, figs. 2a', b'; 1976: 694, fig. 377, pl. 241.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AA06648FFB3FF9FFB80FA31E6BC4898" author="Sakai" box="[1061,1237,1452,1473]" page="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB3FF9FFB80FA31E6DC4898" author="Sakai" box="[1061,1205,1452,1473]" pageId="0" pageNumber="176" refString="Sakai, K. (1987) Biogeographical records of five species of the family Lithodidae from the abyssal valley off Gamoda-Misaki, Tokushima, Japan. Researches on Crustacea, 16, 19 - 27." type="journal article" year="1987">K. Sakai, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
–21, fig. 1, pl. 1, 2a– b.—
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB3FF9FFF4AFA54E3CE4887" author="Macpherson" box="[239,423,1481,1502]" pageId="0" pageNumber="176" refString="Macpherson, E. (1990) Crustacea Decapoda: on some species of Lithodidae from the Western Pacific. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol 6. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie A, 145, 217 - 226." type="journal article" year="1990">Macpherson, 1990</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1b; 1991: figs. 1b, 2c–d.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AA06648FFB3FF9FFD72FA54E1194887" author="Ikeda" box="[727,880,1481,1502]" page="48" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB3FF9FFD72FA54E1244887" author="Ikeda" box="[727,845,1481,1502]" pageId="0" pageNumber="176" refString="Ikeda, H. (1998) The deep-sea crabs of Sagami Bay. Hayama Shiosai Museum, Kanagawa, 180 pp." type="book" year="1998">Ikeda, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 48
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 67.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B13D2FFB3FF9FFF32F994E13F4BA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB3FF9FFF32F994E04A4BF2" blockId="0.[151,1436,1545,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB3FF9FFF32F994E3984B79" bold="true" box="[151,497,1545,1568]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Taiwanese material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB3FF9FFE5CF994E0094B79" box="[505,608,1545,1568]" name="Taiwan" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
2006, stn PCP344,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35269EFFB3FF9FFC9CF994E1DD4B79" box="[825,948,1545,1568]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" precision="9" value="22.265833">22°15.95'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35269EFFB3FF9FFC65F994E6514B79" box="[960,1080,1545,1568]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" precision="9" value="120.00183">120°0.11'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFBE1F994E6A74B79" box="[1092,1230,1545,1568]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.034" metricValueMax="1.073" metricValueMin="0.9949999999999999" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="1034.0" valueMax="1073.0" valueMin="995.0">995–1073 m</quantity>
, 0
<date id="FFBF6699FFB3FF9FFB4CF994E7EB4B79" box="[1257,1410,1545,1568]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" value="2006-03-08">8 March 2006</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D078BD0FFB3FF9FFA2BF994E2A24B1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(cl 20.0 mm, pcl 11.0 mm, cw 9.0 mm),
<collectionCode id="ED10D89CFFB3FF9FFD2BF9B1E0B14B1A" box="[654,728,1580,1603]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/be15-j6k8" name="Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">NTOU</collectionCode>
A01414.—
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB3FF9FFCF4F9B1E1D44B1A" box="[849,957,1580,1603]" name="Taiwan" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
2008, stn PCP445,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35269EFFB3FF9FFB33F9B1E77B4B1A" box="[1174,1298,1580,1603]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" precision="9" value="22.285">22°17.10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35269EFFB3FF9FFABBF9B1E7F14B1A" box="[1310,1432,1580,1603]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" precision="9" value="120.00283">120°0.17'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFF32F9D3E37A4B3C" box="[151,275,1614,1637]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.905" metricValueMax="9.99" metricValueMin="9.82" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="990.5" valueMax="999.0" valueMin="982.0">982–999 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF6699FFB3FF9FFEBAF9D3E3C44B3C" box="[287,429,1614,1637]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" value="2008-07-14">14 July 2008</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D078BD0FFB3FF9FFE1CF9D3E0684B3C" box="[441,513,1614,1637]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(cl 34.0 mm, pcl 22.0 mm, cw 20.0 mm),
<collectionCode id="ED10D89CFFB3FF9FFC6AF9D3E6714B3C" box="[975,1048,1614,1637]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/be15-j6k8" name="Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">NTOU</collectionCode>
A01419.—Cold seep project cruise 2015, stn CST 2,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35269EFFB3FF9FFEFFF9ECE3BC4BD1" box="[346,469,1649,1672]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" precision="9" value="22.0865">22°05.19'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35269EFFB3FF9FFE47F9ECE00E4BD1" box="[482,615,1649,1672]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" precision="9" value="119.805">119°48.30'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFDD1F9ECE1654BD1" box="[628,780,1649,1672]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5145" metricValueMax="1.669" metricValueMin="1.3599999999999999" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="1514.5" valueMax="1669.0" valueMin="1360.0">1360–1669 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF6699FFB3FF9FFCBCF9ECE1C64BD1" box="[793,943,1649,1672]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" value="2015-05-30">30 May 2015</date>
: 1 ovigerous female (cl
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFB1FF9ECE7434BD1" box="[1210,1322,1649,1672]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.635" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="163.5">163.5 mm</quantity>
, pcl
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFAC5F9ECE2AA4BF2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.109" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="110.9">110.9 mm</quantity>
, cw
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFF56F909E30A4BF2" box="[243,355,1684,1707]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="100.5">100.5 mm</quantity>
),
<collectionCode id="ED10D89CFFB3FF9FFED3F909E3D64BF2" box="[374,447,1684,1707]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/be15-j6k8" name="Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">NTOU</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="9452DDBAFFB3FF9FFE63F909E0764BF2" box="[454,543,1684,1707]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A01420" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="EnaNcbi">A01420</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB3FF9FFF62F92BE13F4BA9" blockId="0.[151,1436,1545,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB3FF9FFF62F92BE0514B94" bold="true" box="[199,568,1718,1741]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Comparative material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB3FF9FFDE3F92BE0EF4B94" box="[582,646,1718,1741]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Japan</collectingCountry>
, SW of Jogashima, Sagami Bay, crab pot,
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFBEAF92BE6A24B94" box="[1103,1227,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="825.0" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="800.0">800–850 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF6699FFB3FF9FFB72F92BE7F24B94" box="[1239,1435,1718,1741]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" value="1983-12-01">
December 1983,
<specimenCount id="9D078BD0FFB3FF9FFA2BF92BE7F24B94" box="[1422,1435,1718,1741]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male (cl
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFF51F944E30A4BA9" box="[244,355,1753,1776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6309999999999998" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="163.1">163.1 mm</quantity>
, pcl
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFE30F944E06A4BA9" box="[405,515,1753,1776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.047" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="104.7">104.7 mm</quantity>
, cw
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB3FF9FFD91F944E0FF4BA9" box="[564,662,1753,1776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.44" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="94.4">94.4 mm</quantity>
),
<collectionCode id="ED10D89CFFB3FF9FFD0CF944E09B4BA9" box="[681,754,1753,1776]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/be15-j6k8" name="Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">NTOU</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="9452DDBAFFB3FF9FFD5CF944E13B4BA9" box="[761,850,1753,1776]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A01424" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="EnaNcbi">A01424</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B13D2FFB3FF9EFF62F961E1F74A30" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="0" pageNumber="173" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB3FF9EFF62F961E3214C60" blockId="0.[151,1436,1545,2019]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1435,152,313]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB3FF9FFF62F961E3554A4A" bold="true" box="[199,316,1788,1811]" pageId="0" pageNumber="173">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Carapace dorsal surface with long, slender spines, length reduced in large adults; gastric region with 4 upright spines, anterior pair longer than half length of hepatic spine, posterior pair half length of hepatic spine or shorter; cardiac and intestinal regions each with 2 long upright spines; branchial surface with 2 dorsal spines, anterior spine in adults considerably longer than posterior spine. Branchial margins with 2 primary, latero-dorsally directed spines positioned at level between pereiopods 2 and 3, and pereiopods 3 and 4, respectively; margin between posterior primary branchial spine and intestinal spine with no more than 5 short protrusions or spines. Adult rostrum half pcl or longer; proximal half strongly upraised by 30–45°. Abdominal somite 2 comprising 3 separate plates in adults. Antennal peduncle article 2 with slender outer spine reaching beyond midlength of article 4. Chelipeds unequal; palms generally smooth, with low tubercles on dorsal surface. Ambulatory legs spinose; surface between major spines smooth or with very few, scattered spines. Pereiopod 4 merus slightly shorter than to slightly longer than pcl (0.9–1.1), length less than 7 times height; propodus length about 12 times height; dactylus half length of propodus, flexor margin smooth, without corneous spines.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7E10D1FFB2FF9EFF32F941E6354A75" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" targetBox="[151,1436,351,1732]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB2FF9EFF32F941E6354A75" blockId="1.[151,1436,1756,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFF32F941E36E4BA8" bold="true" box="[151,263,1756,1777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB2FF9EFEB6F941E0254BA8" authority="Sakai, 1971" authorityName="Sakai" authorityYear="1971" box="[275,588,1756,1777]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFEB6F941E3B84BA8" box="[275,465,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
Sakai, 1971
</taxonomicName>
, off southwestern Taiwan:
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFCF5F941E1354BA8" bold="true" box="[848,860,1756,1777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">a</emphasis>
, stn CST 2, 1360–1669 m, ovigerous female (cl 163.5 mm, pcl 110.9 mm, cw 100.5 mm), NTOU
<accessionNumber id="9452DDBAFFB2FF9EFDB4F967E00B4A56" box="[529,610,1786,1807]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A01420" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" type="EnaNcbi">A01420</accessionNumber>
;
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFDC8F967E0134A56" bold="true" box="[621,634,1786,1807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">b</emphasis>
, stn PCP445, 982–999 m, male (cl 34.0 mm, pcl 22.0 mm, cw 20.0 mm), NTOU A01419;
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFF54F88AE2954A75" bold="true" box="[241,252,1815,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">c</emphasis>
, stn PCP344, 995–1073 m, male (cl 20.0 mm, pcl 11.0 mm, cw 9.0 mm), NTOU A01414.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB2FF9EFF62F8CFE1F74A30" blockId="1.[151,1436,1874,2036]" box="[199,926,1874,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFF62F8CFE3204A30" bold="true" box="[199,329,1874,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">Coloration.</emphasis>
Generally deep orange-red overall. Cornea dark brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B13D2FFB2FF9CFF62F8E9E0A44FD8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB2FF9DFF62F8E9E6894C9D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1874,2036]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,452]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFF62F8E9E35C4AD2" bold="true" box="[199,309,1908,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB2FF9EFEEDF8E9E0744AD5" box="[328,541,1908,1932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFEEDF8E9E0744AD5" box="[328,541,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been accorded a wide distribution outside of
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB2FF9EFBE1F8E9E6E94AD2" box="[1092,1152,1908,1931]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">Japan</collectingCountry>
including
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB2FF9EFB5DF8E9E7354AD2" box="[1272,1372,1908,1931]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB2FF9EFACCF8E9E2994AF7" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, and the central Pacific (
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB2FF9EFE5FF80AE03D4AF7" box="[506,596,1943,1966]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">Midway</collectingCountry>
Island) but recent studies indicate a much more limited range for the species. Ahyong (2010) showed that the
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB2FF9EFE5EF827E0E44A88" box="[507,653,1978,2001]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and Australian records of
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB2FF9EFC10F827E62D4A88" box="[949,1092,1977,2001]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFC10F827E62D4A88" box="[949,1092,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were referable to several other species, primarily
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB2FF9EFEFEF840E0114AAA" authority="Ahyong, 2010" authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2010" box="[347,632,2012,2036]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aotearoa">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFEFEF840E3BF4AAD" box="[347,470,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">L. aotearoa</emphasis>
Ahyong, 2010
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB2FF9EFD26F840E1A04AAA" authority="Ahyong, 2010" authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2010" box="[643,969,2012,2036]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFD26F840E14E4AAD" box="[643,807,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">L. australiensis</emphasis>
Ahyong, 2010
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB2FF9EFBA4F840E75F4AAA" authority="Macpherson, 1990" authorityName="Macpherson" authorityYear="1990" box="[1025,1334,2012,2036]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richeri">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB2FF9EFBA4F840E60F4AAD" box="[1025,1126,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="174">L. richeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB2FF9EFBC9F841E75F4AAA" author="Macpherson" box="[1132,1334,2012,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" refString="Macpherson, E. (1990) Crustacea Decapoda: on some species of Lithodidae from the Western Pacific. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol 6. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie A, 145, 217 - 226." type="journal article" year="1990">Macpherson, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Takeda's (1974)
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB1FF9DFF40FF05E3574DF6" box="[229,318,152,175]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Midway</collectingCountry>
Island record does not appear to be
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFD6CFF05E13F4DF6" box="[713,854,151,175]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFD6CFF05E13F4DF6" box="[713,854,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB1FF9DFCC1FF05E6EF4DF6" author="Takeda" box="[868,1158,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="176" refString="Takeda, M. (1974) On three species of the Lithodidae (Crustacea, Anomura) from the Central Pacific. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 17, 205 - 214, pls. 1 - 3. [Tokyo]" type="journal article" year="1974">Takeda (1974: pl. 1, fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
shows the pereiopod 2–4 meri to be distinctly longer than the carapace; his record could be referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFC52FF27E7F14D88" authority="Macpherson &amp; Chan, 2008" authorityName="Macpherson &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2008" box="[1015,1432,185,209]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulayi">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFC52FF27E60C4D88" box="[1015,1125,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. paulayi</emphasis>
Macpherson &amp; Chan, 2008
</taxonomicName>
, described from
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB1FF9DFEE3FF40E3E34DAD" box="[326,394,221,244]" name="Guam" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Guam</collectingCountry>
. Thus, until now,
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFDFCFF40E0834DAD" box="[601,746,220,244]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFDFCFF40E0834DAD" box="[601,746,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known with certainty only from
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB1FF9DFB32FF40E6BE4DAD" box="[1175,1239,221,244]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFF32FF62E29A4C4E" box="[151,243,255,279]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFF32FF62E29A4C4E" box="[151,243,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Lithodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now known from
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB1FF9DFE46FE9DE05C4C4E" box="[483,565,256,279]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFDE5FE9DE0C44C4E" box="[576,685,256,279]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turritus">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFDE5FE9DE0C44C4E" box="[576,685,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. turritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFD19FE9DE1554C4E" box="[700,828,255,279]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFD19FE9DE1554C4E" box="[700,828,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFCD7FE9DE6694C4E" box="[882,1024,255,279]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFCD7FE9DE6694C4E" box="[882,1024,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, each of which has long spines on the carapace and walking legs persisting into at least the early adult stage.
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFC16FEBCE6E34C60" box="[947,1162,289,313]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFC16FEBCE6E34C60" box="[947,1162,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFA23FEBFE2934C05" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFA23FEBFE2934C05" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFE91FED8E3CD4C05" box="[308,420,325,348]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turritus">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFE91FED8E3CD4C05" box="[308,420,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. turritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by carapace ornamentation.
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFD41FED9E1D24C05" box="[740,955,324,348]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFD41FED9E1D24C05" box="[740,955,324,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFC50FED8E6114C05" box="[1013,1144,324,348]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFC50FED8E6114C05" box="[1013,1144,324,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a distinctly upraised rostrum, which in
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFEFEFEF5E3AE4C26" box="[347,455,360,383]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turritus">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFEFEFEF5E3AE4C26" box="[347,455,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. turritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is almost horizontal.
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFD10FEFAE1E04C26" box="[693,905,359,383]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFD10FEFAE1E04C26" box="[693,905,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFB0EFEF5E7424C26" box="[1195,1323,359,383]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFB0EFEF5E7424C26" box="[1195,1323,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having one instead of two long dorsal branchial spines in adults (posterior dorsal branchial spine very short or obsolete), and lacking a row of small corneous spines on the flexor margins of the walking legs (Ahyong
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFBFBFE30E6FD4C9D" box="[1118,1172,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2010).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7E10D1FFB1FF9DFF32F8E0E1DF4A94" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262038/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" targetBox="[229,1365,493,1893]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB1FF9DFF32F8E0E1DF4A94" blockId="2.[151,1436,1917,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFF32F8E0E36F4ACB" bold="true" box="[151,262,1917,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFEB7F8E0E0204ACB" authority="Sakai, 1971" authorityName="Sakai" authorityYear="1971" box="[274,585,1917,1938]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFEB7F8E0E3A64ACB" box="[274,463,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
Sakai, 1971
</taxonomicName>
, off southwestern Taiwan, stn CST 2, 1360–1669 m, ovigerous female (cl 163.5 mm, pcl 110.9 mm, cw 100.5 mm), NTOU
<accessionNumber id="9452DDBAFFB1FF9DFE7AF806E0464AE9" box="[479,559,1947,1968]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A01420" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" type="EnaNcbi">A01420</accessionNumber>
:
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFD9DF806E02A4AE9" bold="true" box="[568,579,1947,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
, carapace, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFC8CF806E15F4AE9" bold="true" box="[809,822,1947,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
, anterior carapace, right lateral view;
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFB05F806E6C34AE9" bold="true" box="[1184,1194,1947,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">c</emphasis>
, right antennal peduncle, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFEB6F825E3494A94" bold="true" box="[275,288,1976,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">d</emphasis>
, right pereiopod 4;
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFE7BF825E3804A94" bold="true" box="[478,489,1976,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">e</emphasis>
, dactylus of right pereiopod 4. Scales = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB1FF9CFF62F848E38D4DA8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1917,2029]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,883]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">
The two juvenile males collected in
<date id="FFBF6699FFB1FF9DFDE3F848E08A4AB5" box="[582,739,2005,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" value="2006" valueMax="2008">2006 and 2008</date>
were matched to the adult and identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB1FF9DFB13F84BE72A4AB4" box="[1206,1347,2005,2029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB1FF9DFB13F84BE72A4AB4" box="[1206,1347,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="175">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
through DNA barcoding (COI 657bp: 99.2–99.7% similarity, GenBank no.
<accessionNumber id="9452DDBAFFB0FF9CFCCDFF05E1884DF6" box="[872,993,152,175]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU214586" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">KU214586</accessionNumber>
–214588). Comparison of COI sequences of the Taiwanese specimens with available sequences of Japanese
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFC2CFF24E6724D89" box="[905,1051,184,208]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFC2CFF24E6724D89" box="[905,1051,184,208]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in GenBank (
<accessionNumber id="9452DDBAFFB0FF9CFB1AFF24E75D4D89" box="[1215,1332,185,208]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB476813" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">AB476813</accessionNumber>
–476817) showed 98.7–99.4% similarity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB0FF9CFF62FF61E6B14C2E" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">
Morphologically, the Taiwanese specimens agree well with published accounts of
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFBE5FF61E6A74C4A" box="[1088,1230,251,275]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFBE5FF61E6A74C4A" box="[1088,1230,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a comparative topotypic specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFE09FE80E3854C6D" box="[428,492,285,308]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Japan</collectingCountry>
. The dorsal spines of the Taiwanese female are proportionally shorter than those of the size-matched male from
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFE04FEA3E3894C0C" box="[417,480,318,341]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Japan</collectingCountry>
, but within the expected range of variation. As in other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFB0FFEA0E76C4C0C" box="[1194,1285,317,341]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFB0FFEA0E76C4C0C" box="[1194,1285,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Lithodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the juveniles have considerably longer dorsal spines than adults as figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB0FF9CFCE2FEFDE1B94C2E" author="Ikeda" box="[839,976,352,375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" refString="Ikeda, H. (1998) The deep-sea crabs of Sagami Bay. Hayama Shiosai Museum, Kanagawa, 180 pp." type="book" year="1998">Ikeda (1998)</bibRefCitation>
for Japanese specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB0FF9CFF62FE1CE0A44FD8" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">
Although all three specimens were collected from off southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFC0DFE1CE19F4CC1" box="[936,1014,385,408]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
in relatively close proximity, the large female was collected by a French beam trawl (
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB0FF9CFD3CFE3FE1214CE0" author="Tsai" box="[665,840,417,441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" refString="Tsai, P. C., Yeh, H. M., Chan, B. K. K. &amp; Chan, T. Y. (2009) Comparison between the catch composition of the French and ORE type beam trawls on deep-sea decapod crustaceans: implications for quantitative sampling of the deep-sea decapod biodiversity. Crustaceana, 82, 565 - 591. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854008 X 390326" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tsai
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFD75FE3FE1684CE0" box="[720,769,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
) over a cold seep site together with dead shells of the bivalve
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFF4EFE5EE66E4C82" authority="Okutani, Kojima &amp; Ashi, 1996" authorityName="Okutani, Kojima &amp; Ashi" authorityYear="1996" box="[235,1031,451,475]" class="Bivalvia" family="Vesicomyidae" genus="Calyptogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nankaiensis" subGenus="Archivesica">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFF4EFE5EE31A4C82" box="[235,371,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Calyptogena</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFE26FE5EE0694C82" box="[387,512,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Archivesica</emphasis>
) aff.
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFD9DFE5EE0DF4C82" box="[568,694,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">nankaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB0FF9CFD19FE59E66E4C82" author="Okutani" box="[700,1031,452,475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" refString="Okutani, T., Kojima, S. &amp; Ashi, J. (1996) An unusual vesicomyid bivalve, Calyptogena nankaiensis n. sp. from bathyal depth off Honshu, Japan. Ven us, 55, 257 - 263." type="journal article" year="1996">Okutani, Kojima &amp; Ashi, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is restricted to chemosynthetic habitats (
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB0FF9CFF5CFE78E3B94CA5" author="Okutani" box="[249,464,485,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" refString="Okutani, T., Kojima, S. &amp; Ashi, J. (1996) An unusual vesicomyid bivalve, Calyptogena nankaiensis n. sp. from bathyal depth off Honshu, Japan. Ven us, 55, 257 - 263." type="journal article" year="1996">Okutani et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB0FF9CFE79FE78E0CA4CA5" author="Sasaki" box="[476,675,484,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" refString="Sasaki, T., Okutani, T. &amp; Fujikura, K. (2005) Molluscs from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in Japan: a review of taxa recorded in twenty recent years (1984 - 2004). Ven us, 64 (3 - 4), 87 - 133." type="journal article" year="2005">
Sasaki
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFD8FFE78E0084CA5" box="[554,609,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). Lithodid crabs have been reported from seep and vent environments (
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DA8FFB0FF9CFF3BFD9BE3FF4F44" author="Martin" box="[158,406,518,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" refString="Martin, J. W. &amp; Haney, T. A. (2005) Decapod crustaceans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: a review through 2005. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 145, 445 - 522. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00178. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Martin &amp; Haney 2005</bibRefCitation>
) but this is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFD4DFD9BE1114F44" box="[744,888,517,541]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFD4DFD9BE1114F44" box="[744,888,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the vicinity of such habitats. Given that the female
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFF4CFDB5E3104F66" box="[233,377,551,575]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFF4CFDB5E3104F66" box="[233,377,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">L. longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was trawled, we cannot confirm whether it was living at the cold seep site or on adjacent nonchemosynthetic habitat; further investigations are required.
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFCB9FDD5E1984F39" box="[796,1009,584,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFCB9FDD5E1984F39" box="[796,1009,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a large predator, so its occurrence at cold seeps, if confirmed, is of ecological importance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B13D2FFB0FF9CFF62FD11E1EA4E2A" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB0FF9CFF62FD11E7364FFA" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,883]" box="[199,1375,652,675]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFF62FD11E3304FFA" bold="true" box="[199,345,652,675]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Distribution.</emphasis>
Previously known with certainty only from
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFC9DFD11E1114FFA" box="[824,888,652,675]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and now also found in
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFBD3FD11E6A14FFA" box="[1142,1224,652,675]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
;
<quantity id="4CF9EDBCFFB0FF9CFB77FD11E7324FFA" box="[1234,1371,652,675]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1245" metricValueMax="1.699" metricValueMin="0.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" unit="m" value="1124.5" valueMax="1699.0" valueMin="550.0">550–1699 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE4059FFB0FF9CFF62FD33E1EA4E2A" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFF62FD33E3C34F9C" bold="true" box="[199,426,686,709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Acknowledgements.</emphasis>
Grateful acknowledgements are extended to H. Ikeda of the Hayama Shiosai Museum, Kanagawa, for providing with us a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C013BDAFFB0FF9CFD3EFD4DE1064FB1" box="[667,879,720,744]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Lithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B9759C4BFFB0FF9CFD3EFD4DE1064FB1" box="[667,879,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Lithodes longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFC15FD4CE1994FB1" box="[944,1008,721,744]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Japan</collectingCountry>
; E. Krylova of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, and P. Bouchet of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, for the identification of the bivalves collected at the cold seep site off southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFD4FFC8BE1524E74" box="[746,827,790,813]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
; C. H. Yang of the National
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFBC2FC8BE6DC4E74" box="[1127,1205,790,813]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
Ocean University for DNA analysis. This work is supported by research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology,
<collectingCountry id="F31600C9FFB0FF9CFB50FCA4E72F4E09" box="[1269,1350,825,848]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="176">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, R.O.C. This is a contribution from the Australian Museum Research Institute.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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