742 lines
87 KiB
XML
742 lines
87 KiB
XML
<document id="CE002D8592A29138ED602C0E513E2AAE" ID-CLB-Dataset="46140" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de36734e-d773-4343-8a4f-6f9748956504" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228301" ID-ZooBank="CA1AE739-B489-4835-884A-EE1A6D86C494" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460401833544" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Callaghan, Curtis J. & Nobre, Carlos Eduardo Beserra" docDate="2014" docId="03A8F126FF91FFC3FF5FFDDEFD9A65AE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03780p566.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3780 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheles caatingensis Callaghan & Nobre, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="564" masterDocId="FF91895EFF90FFC5FFC8FFB4FFCF6203" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pheles Herrich – Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="566" masterPageNumber="558" pageNumber="559" updateTime="1698299294521" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="2717076B3D40825C3273162FCE0EED46" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F134435F911FF43C6AF9E0D7FC52F904">
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<mods:title id="3FC0226F9547C4439889C6A6ED896C88">A new species of Pheles Herrich – Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EBE297448C2CB1CC28334D714A820AC9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8915F125B595448C64A5B83CF0AC2744">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0B046DA751672758AA5181BC6321B5D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="658191E048D261871A1ABB5A216F2889">Callaghan, Curtis J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F0B2B42E66683B40DC37F8EC6D670BF9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C4C66FDCB12B035EC2498599288F20CF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91E0D44751AB5FC33CE4FA8B38E00794">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B1FA014863954B5025FBF47453FD71FC">Nobre, Carlos Eduardo Beserra</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="53EB8AF8397666C9D6F7910C27153338">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E6F89EF73DAB27966E507EDB0B64DD88">
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<mods:title id="E89E1FCF64286E2ACA75E4706EFA3831">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BA278E0C3191376890C0DAF0F6112A28">
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<mods:date id="55A05D7953FD5BA1B65C5226C00BFD05">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="26A28AAB9A9535EA76D03DEF1F8690DD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8506913657F39D8E40D3A216AC366CD5">3780</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="AE7462DD18F56E95E19AA8BC68CB9BD0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="1142CBE97AF142E44C9162B64C5B2EF0">3</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="10AEBA371ECA79D8BB41A50829251A64">566</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5DC13E903BEE292CE7378FB7FFF24DE4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0AF773148A7A63413EE976723E5C366E" type="CLB-Dataset">46140</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E9ED242B9BD61FECF0D8A3413BBA2A10" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B8DDB9935B0CD9706821BF5794FE0E02" type="GBIF-Dataset">de36734e-d773-4343-8a4f-6f9748956504</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F259AE343CDAA3CDF4C49D6637F7A50A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BBC52750F3AAD8AA0A582041C430F4D6" type="Zenodo-Dep">228301</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="794DF1EA7AC49803EFB6DFAAA187A274" type="ZooBank">CA1AE739-B489-4835-884A-EE1A6D86C494</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A8F126FF91FFC3FF5FFDDEFD9A65AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137963" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119420033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8F126FF91FFC3FF5FFDDEFD9A65AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8F126FF91FFC3FF5FFDDEFD9A65AE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
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<subSubSection id="C31B13BBFF91FFC4FF5FFDDEFCD06087" box="[151,799,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF91FFC4FF5FFDDEFCD06087" blockId="1.[151,799,618,644]" box="[151,799,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
|
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<heading id="D0F6F75CFF91FFC4FF5FFDDEFCD06087" bold="true" box="[151,799,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" reason="1">
|
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<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF5FFDDEFCD06087" bold="true" box="[151,799,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FF5FFDDEFD4D6087" authority="Callaghan & Nobre" authorityName="Callaghan & Nobre" box="[151,642,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF5FFDDEFE4B6087" bold="true" box="[151,388,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
Callaghan & Nobre
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF91FFC4FD47FDDEFCD06087" box="[655,799,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B13BBFF91FFC4FF5FFD05FB5D6679" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF91FFC4FF5FFD05FB5D6679" blockId="1.[151,1436,689,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF5FFD05FEDE60C9" bold="true" box="[151,273,689,714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FED0FD05FE3A60CA" box="[280,501,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FED0FD05FE3A60CA" box="[280,501,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF91FFC4FE34FD05FD9A60CA" box="[508,597,689,714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FE34FD05FD8160C9" bold="true" box="[508,590,689,714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
belongs to the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FCF2FD05FBE660C9" authority="Grote 1865" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1865" box="[826,1065,689,714]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Riodinini">Riodinini Grote 1865</taxonomicName>
|
||
as indicated by a deeply notched posterior section of the tegumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF91FFC4FDD9FD61FD9960ED" box="[529,598,725,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[196,1423,218,1324]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Genitalia. 7, Pheles caatingensis sp. nov., Male genitalia, lateral view. 8, Same, ventral view. 9, Same, showing indentation of posterior margin of tegumen. 10. Pheles caatingensis sp. nov., female genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228303/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a pedicel forming a posterior tube-like projection not attached to the valvae of the male genitalia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DC1FF91FFC4FE2AFD4EFDB56111" author="Harvey" box="[482,634,761,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" refString="Harvey, D. (1985) The higher classification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Unpublished PhD. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 215 pp." type="book" year="1985">Harvey 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Superficially, the new species is closest to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FB22FD4DFAFA6112" box="[1258,1333,761,785]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FB22FD4DFAFA6112" box="[1258,1333,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Herrich- Schaeffer [1863], particularly with the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FD7DFCA9FB876135" authority="Staudinger, 1876" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1876" box="[693,1096,797,822]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FD7DFCA9FCA46136" box="[693,875,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles strigosa,</emphasis>
|
||
(Staudinger, 1876)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FB4CFCA9FF176159" authority="Butler, 1871" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FB4CFCA9FAF26136" box="[1156,1341,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles atricolor</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1871)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sharing the orange scaling on the collar, orange palpae with a short third section, orange scaling on the abdomen around the genitalia, and wing shape and black coloring with a white apical spot on the forewing and with blue streaks between the veins. However, the genitalia of both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FC09FC3EFBA661A2" box="[961,1129,906,929]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FC09FC3EFBA661A2" box="[961,1129,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">P. caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF91FFC4FBB9FC3DFB0361A1" box="[1137,1228,905,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FBB9FC3DFB0361A1" bold="true" box="[1137,1228,905,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are different from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FF36FC19FE8661C6" box="[254,329,941,965]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF36FC19FE8661C6" box="[254,329,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the male genitalia lack the scobinate patch, or vogelkopf on the end of the pedicel, and have instead a fork serving as a guide for the aedeagus. The aedeagus is modified with a long, curved point on the end. The female genitalia have a highly modified ostium bursae with an evaginated sinus vaginalis and a large, notched medial lamella postvaginalis, all characters not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FCD9FBADFC936632" box="[785,860,1049,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FCD9FBADFC936632" box="[785,860,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The antennae are clubbed, and the shaft is without heavy scaling found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FE7EFB89FDCE6656" box="[438,513,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FE7EFB89FDCE6656" box="[438,513,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, because of the superficial similarities,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FBA8FB8AFAC16656" box="[1120,1294,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FBA8FB8AFAC16656" box="[1120,1294,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">P. caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF91FFC4FAD4FB89FAB36655" box="[1308,1404,1085,1110]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FAD4FB89FAB36655" bold="true" box="[1308,1404,1085,1110]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is provisionally left in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF91FFC4FE24FBD5FDF8667A" box="[492,567,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FE24FBD5FDF8667A" box="[492,567,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Pheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until its proper generic placement can be ascertained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B13BBFF91FFC6FF0FFB31FCD16561" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF91FFC4FF0FFB31FD3A6429" blockId="1.[151,1436,689,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF0FFB31FE96669D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1157,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FEA9FB32FE7B669E" box="[353,436,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">MALE:</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs 1,2,7,8,9,11.) Forewing length of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF91FFC4FCB7FB31FC29669D" box="[895,998,1157,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF91FFC4FC3AFB31FB97669E" box="[1010,1112,1157,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="15.1">15.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF91FFC4FBA2FB32FB14669D" box="[1130,1243,1158,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: 13.5 – 16.0 mm (n=16).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF3DFB1EFE4866C2" box="[245,391,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Wing Shape:</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing costa slightly concave medially, curving slightly to apex, distal margin curved slightly convex to Cu1, then straight to tornus, anal margin straight. Hindwing costa curved to rounded apex, distal margin rounded from apex to M3, then straight to rounded tornus, anal margin slightly curved to base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FA86FB45FF3C672E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Wing ground color black, variable white scaling along the veins, except 3A. Fringe white and black scaling intermixed with a white marginal line. Forewing with a white
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF91FFC4FC09FA8EFBCB6752" box="[961,1028,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide irregular subapical transverse band from R2 to cell Cu1–Cu2, slightly bent in cell M3–Cu1 with a few scattered brown scales along the edge, and a longitudinal white streak in cell Cu2–2A.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FDB5FA35FCFE679A" box="[637,817,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Maculation and color similar to dorsal surface. Ground color black with variable white scaling along the veins, especially on forewing apex distally of the white subapical band with white streaks distally in cells M1–Cu2 and along costal border of cell; hindwing with white scaling along all veins and additional faint parallel white streaks distally in cells M1–3A; some irregular orange scaling at base of both wings; white forewing band as on dorsal surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF91FFC4FF0FF981FC546495" blockId="1.[151,1436,689,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF0FF981FEC2644E" box="[199,269,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes dark brown (grey in live specimens), marginal scaling, frons and head dorsally orange; labial palpi short, light orange with black tips; antennal length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF91FFC4FD2AF9EEFCF36472" box="[738,828,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, base of antennae and segments black without heavy scaling, clubs segmented and rough, reddish brown scaling ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF91FFC4FF0FF915FBCD6525" blockId="1.[151,1436,689,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF0FF915FEC564BA" box="[199,266,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface color of thorax black, thorax pubescent laterally, epaulets black; ventral surface of thorax dark grey, pubescent, with a lateral orange spot, forelegs dark grey and very pubescent; midlegs and hindlegs femur black, tibia and tarsus lighter with some yellow scaling; abdomen dorsally black with light scaling caudad on segments, an orange line laterally and tufts of orange scaling around genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF91FFC7FF0FF885FD5662FB" blockId="1.[151,1436,689,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1435,151,248]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF91FFC4FF0FF885FEF5654A" box="[199,314,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 7,8,9) Uncus slightly bilobed, tegumen short, with a deeply indented notch on the posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF91FFC4FF3FF8E1FEF1656D" box="[247,318,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[196,1423,218,1324]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Genitalia. 7, Pheles caatingensis sp. nov., Male genitalia, lateral view. 8, Same, ventral view. 9, Same, showing indentation of posterior margin of tegumen. 10. Pheles caatingensis sp. nov., female genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228303/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="559">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), falces curved, sharp, posterior extension slightly indented dorsally; vinculum fused to posterior margin of tegumen at base of the notch, vinculum narrow, curving L–shaped with small flange and attached to ventral center of valvae without saccus; valvae cup shaped, extending caudad to a sharp, upward curving point; dorsally from the valvae extends a high, elaborate transtilla fusing the posterior half of the valvae with two sharp, dorsally projecting processes on each side; aedeagus curved, with a long, curved, pointed tip; pedicel forms a posterior tube–like projection from the aedeagus, terminating in a wide, bifurcated structure supporting the aedeagus and connected basally to the valvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E10B8FF92FFC7FF5FF9CCFA9764C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228302/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" targetBox="[151,1436,324,1630]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF92FFC7FF5FF9CCFA9764C8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1656,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FF5FF9CCFE40648D" bold="true" box="[151,399,1656,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">FIGURES 1–6. Adults</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FE57F9CCFE7D648D" bold="true" box="[415,434,1656,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">1,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF92FFC7FE74F9CCFD47648D" box="[444,648,1656,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FE74F9CCFD47648D" box="[444,648,1656,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF92FFC7FD59F9CCFD2A648D" box="[657,741,1656,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FD59F9CCFD2A648D" bold="true" box="[657,741,1656,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype male, dorsal surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FBFCF9CCFB88648D" bold="true" box="[1076,1095,1656,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">2,</emphasis>
|
||
Same, ventral surface
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FAF4F9CCFA81648D" bold="true" box="[1340,1358,1656,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">3,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF92FFC7FA90F9CCFED964AE" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FA90F9CCFED964AE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF92FFC7FED4F922FEA364AF" box="[284,364,1686,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FED4F922FEA364AF" bold="true" box="[284,364,1686,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
female paratype, dorsal surface; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FD2FF922FD3464AF" bold="true" box="[743,763,1686,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">4,</emphasis>
|
||
Same, ventral surface,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FC2FF922FC3464AF" bold="true" box="[999,1019,1686,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">5,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF92FFC7FBC9F922FB0564AE" box="[1025,1226,1686,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FBC9F922FB0564AE" box="[1025,1226,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF92FFC7FB07F922FAEF64AF" box="[1231,1312,1686,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FB07F922FAEF64AF" bold="true" box="[1231,1312,1686,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
dorsal view of a live female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FE8AF901FE9964C8" bold="true" box="[322,342,1717,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">6,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF92FFC7FE93F901FDEB64C8" box="[347,548,1717,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FE93F901FDEB64C8" box="[347,548,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF92FFC7FDE2F901FDB464C8" box="[554,635,1717,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FDE2F901FDB464C8" bold="true" box="[554,635,1717,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lateral view of a live female showing thoracic and abdominal markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF92FFC7FF0FF947FE96652C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1778,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FF0FF947FEF36509" box="[199,316,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">FEMALE:</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 3,4,5,6,10) Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF92FFC7FD18F947FCE16509" box="[720,814,1779,1803]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" unit="mm" value="14.7">14.7mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF92FFC7FCF5F946FC126508" box="[829,989,1778,1803]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="2" pageNumber="560" unit="mm" value="14.8" valueMax="15.5" valueMin="14.1">14.1–15.5mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=4). Wing color and markings nearly identical to male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF92FFC7FF0FF88FFF1A65E0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1778,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FF0FF88FFE9A6550" box="[199,341,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">Wing shape:</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing, same as male with distal margin slightly broader, hindwing same.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FB20F88FFA536550" box="[1256,1436,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Ground color black as in male, with white scaling along the veins and the white post discal transverse band slightly wider than on male; margin and fringe white.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF92FFC7FD5CF837FC886598" box="[660,839,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="560">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Ground color black with veins outlined in white with parallel lines in the cells distad of white band on forewing and on hindwing and some orange scaling at base, as on male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E10B8FF93FFC6FF5FFAE8FAF76792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228303/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" targetBox="[196,1423,218,1324]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF93FFC6FF5FFAE8FAF76792" blockId="3.[151,1436,1372,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FF5FFAE8FE776771" bold="true" box="[151,440,1372,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">FIGURES 7–10. Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FE00FAE8FE156771" bold="true" box="[456,474,1372,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">7,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF93FFC6FE2CFAE8FD7F6771" box="[484,688,1372,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FE2CFAE8FD7F6771" box="[484,688,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FD72FAE8FCDB6771" bold="true" box="[698,788,1372,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF93FFC6FD72FAE8FCDF6771" box="[698,784,1372,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FB84FAE8FB906771" bold="true" box="[1100,1119,1372,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">8,</emphasis>
|
||
Same, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FA89FAE8FA9C6771" bold="true" box="[1345,1363,1372,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">9,</emphasis>
|
||
Same, showing indentation of posterior margin of tegumen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FD7CFACFFD1C6792" bold="true" box="[692,723,1403,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF93FFC6FD12FACFFC6D6792" box="[730,930,1403,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FD12FACFFC6D6792" box="[730,930,1403,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FC60FACFFC306792" bold="true" box="[936,1023,1403,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF93FFC6FC60FACFFC346792" box="[936,1019,1403,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female genitalia, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF93FFC6FF0FFA09FE8B6489" blockId="3.[151,1436,1469,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FF0FFA09FEC267D6" box="[199,269,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes black, marginal scaling, frons below antennae and dorsally orange, labial palpi slightly longer than male, visible in front of face when viewed dorsally, orange with lighter tips than male, antennae length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF93FFC6FAF5FA56FA5867FA" box="[1341,1431,1506,1530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, black with black scaling around base, as in male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FD0CF9B1FCC8641E" box="[708,775,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface color of thorax and abdomen black, ventral surface cream; forelegs, midlegs and hindlegs with dark orange scaling, lighter than male; abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF93FFC6FAC3F99DFA806441" box="[1291,1359,1577,1602]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,324,1630]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1631]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Adults. 1, Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. holotype male, dorsal surface; 2, Same, ventral surface 3, Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. female paratype, dorsal surface; and 4, Same, ventral surface, 5, Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. dorsal view of a live female; 6, Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. lateral view of a live female showing thoracic and abdominal markings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228302/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) black with broken orange lateral line, segments outlined caudally with white scaling; slight orange scaling around papillae anales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF93FFC6FF0FF921FCD16561" blockId="3.[151,1436,1469,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FF0FF921FEF564AE" box="[199,314,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF93FFC6FE83F921FE5164AD" box="[331,414,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[196,1423,218,1324]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Genitalia. 7, Pheles caatingensis sp. nov., Male genitalia, lateral view. 8, Same, ventral view. 9, Same, showing indentation of posterior margin of tegumen. 10. Pheles caatingensis sp. nov., female genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228303/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) Corpus bursae round with two long, curved and pointed invaginate signa; ductus bursae leaves corpus bursae as wide, short, lightly sclerotized tube; ostium bursae funnel shaped, bent to the right when viewed caudad; the connection to the ductus bursae is a complex sclerotized evaginated tube, the sinus vaginalis, connected to a smaller tube forming a receptacle for the ductus seminalis; the ostium bursae ventrally extends into the medial lamella postvaginalis, which is a broad, deeply notched plate with two rounded processes at the base; papillae anales rounded, deeply bifurcated and pubescent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B13BBFF93FFC1FF0FF8D9FAC36366" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="562" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF93FFC6FF0FF8D9FE0165A9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1469,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FF0FF8D9FEB76585" bold="true" box="[199,376,1901,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF93FFC6FF0FF8D9FECD6585" box="[199,258,1901,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF93FFC6FE4AF8D9FE256585" box="[386,490,1901,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF93FFC6FE3CF8DAFDF26586" box="[500,573,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">MALE</emphasis>
|
||
with the following label:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31600A0FF93FFC6FCB8F8DAFC176585" box="[880,984,1902,1926]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Ceará, Brejo Santo –PMN 12,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF93FFC6FA84F8DAFA4B6585" box="[1356,1412,1902,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">PISF</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF93FFC6FF5FF826FEC365A9" box="[151,268,1938,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" value="2013-05-08">08.V.2013</date>
|
||
, C.E. Nobre, leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF93FFC6FF0FF801FC3A65CD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1469,2034]" box="[199,1013,1973,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF93FFC6FF31F801FE9465CD" box="[249,347,1973,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is deposited in the Museu Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF93FFC6FF0FF86EFA5365F1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1469,2034]" box="[199,1436,2009,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF93FFC6FF0FF86EFEF765F1" box="[199,312,2010,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31600A0FF93FFC6FE8EF86EFE6165F1" box="[326,430,2010,2034]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF93FFC6FE75F86EFDE865F1" box="[445,551,2009,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" type="male">17 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF93FFC6FDFEF86DFD6665F1" box="[566,681,2009,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, Ceará, Brejo Santo - PMN 12,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF93FFC6FBE0F86EFBAF65F1" box="[1064,1120,2010,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">PISF</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF93FFC6FB4CF86DFADD65F1" box="[1156,1298,2009,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="561">5 December</date>
|
||
, 2012, C.E.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF5FFF23FBBE631E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
Nobre, leg;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FED5FF2CFE8662B3" box="[285,329,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF94FFC1FE99FF2CFE6462B3" box="[337,427,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FE7FFF2CFE2062B3" box="[439,495,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">PISF</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FDC5FF2CFDA062B3" box="[525,623,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" value="1922-04">22 April</date>
|
||
, 2013, C.E. Nobre leg;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FCB4FF2CFC6762B3" box="[892,936,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF94FFC1FC67FF2CFBC962B3" box="[943,1030,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FBC6FF2CFB8962B3" box="[1038,1094,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">PISF</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FBACFF2CFB0962B3" box="[1124,1222,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" value="1922-04">22 April</date>
|
||
, 2013, T.B. Souza, leg;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FF04FF08FF3762D7" box="[204,248,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF94FFC1FECAFF08FEA262D6" box="[258,365,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FEB5FF08FE7A62D7" box="[381,437,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">PISF</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FE11FF08FDE962D6" box="[473,550,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">8 May</date>
|
||
, 2013, C.E. Nobre, leg.;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF94FFC1FC93FF08FC6562D6" box="[859,938,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(DZ28.358),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF94FFC1FB85FF08FB7E62D6" box="[1101,1201,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(DZ21.059), Bahia, Juazeiro,
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FECAFF54FE4462FB" box="[258,395,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" value="1919-02">19 February</date>
|
||
, 1966, ex- col. D´Almeida(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FD76FF6BFCC462FB" box="[702,779,223,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF94FFC1FCD6FF54FCA662FB" box="[798,873,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(DZ28.356),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FBCBFF54FBE062FB" box="[1027,1071,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF94FFC1FBFEFF54FBB762FB" box="[1078,1144,224,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FB4BFF54FB1962FB" box="[1155,1238,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" value="1919-07">19 July</date>
|
||
, 1973, Cursino & Mielke leg (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FED6FEB0FEA2631F" box="[286,365,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D078BB9FF94FFC1FE49FEB0FE03631E" box="[385,460,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(DZ26.411),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FDADFEB0FD5E631F" box="[613,657,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FD50FEB0FCFB631E" box="[664,820,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" value="1917-09">17 September</date>
|
||
, 1967, Cursino leg.(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FBDDFEB0FBA9631E" box="[1045,1126,260,285]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FFE9CFAC36366" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF94FFC1FF0FFE9CFEFB6343" box="[199,308,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in the Museu do CEMAFAUNA-Caatinga, Univasf, Petrolina, and the Coleção Entomológica Pe. J. S. Moure,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FE3CFEF9FDF56367" box="[500,570,333,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">UFPR</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10D8F5FF94FFC1FD81FEF8FD576367" box="[585,664,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
), and the collection of C. Callaghan, Bogotá,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31600A0FF94FFC1FB5EFEF8FAC76366" box="[1174,1288,332,357]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B13BBFF94FFC1FF0FFEDBFAC4638B" box="[199,1291,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FFEDBFAC4638B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1291,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FF0FFEDBFE81638B" bold="true" box="[199,334,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after the biogeographic Caatinga Province in which it is found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B13BBFF94FFC1FF0FFE20FB2A65E1" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FFE20FD1D6114" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FF0FFE20FEE863AE" bold="true" box="[199,295,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF94FFC1FEADFE21FE5A63AE" box="[357,405,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FDD4FE20FD3363AF" box="[540,764,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FDD4FE20FD3363AF" box="[540,764,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF94FFC1FCCDFE20FCAE63AF" box="[773,865,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FCCDFE20FC9563AE" bold="true" box="[773,858,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is situated in the Brazilian Northeastern semiarid domain, in the municipality of Brejo Santo, Ceará state (altitude of 380 meters (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3526F7FF94FFC1FBEFFE0FFB0363D0" box="[1063,1228,439,467]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" precision="1" value="-7.586853">7o35’12.67’’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3526F7FF94FFC1FB12FE0FFA5763D1" box="[1242,1432,439,467]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" precision="1" value="-38.868908">38o52’08.08’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FF5FFE6AFF2C63F4" box="[151,227,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionText="FIGURE 23. Location map." pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.23</figureCitation>
|
||
). The average annual rainfall is around
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF94FFC1FD77FE6BFCEE63F4" box="[703,801,479,503]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="930.0">930 mm</quantity>
|
||
concentrated between January and April (FUNCEME 2013). The habitat is a narrow gallery forest with trees up to 15 meters high on the margins of the Riacho dos Porcos, a permanent stream sustained by the Açude Atalho dam upstream (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FBC7FD92FB94603C" box="[1039,1115,550,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,193,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[202,1385,193,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Habitat and type locality of Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. 11, Male Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. feeding on wet earth, 12, Geoffroea spinosa tree on which leck behavior was observed. 13, Understory view of type locality, 14, General view of Rio dos Porcos at the type locality, 15, Native forest overgrown by Cryptostegia grandiflora, 16, Area beneath Cryptostegia grandiflora showing depletion of understory vegetation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228304/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.14</figureCitation>
|
||
). In many spots, crops and pasture replace the native gallery forest as it winds through the surrounding shrub-dense, deciduous Caatinga vegetation. Tree species that occur in this habitat include:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCF5FDC4FBF86084" authority="Tul." authorityName="Tul." box="[829,1079,622,647]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Pterogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FCF5FDC4FC326084" box="[829,1021,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pterogyne nitens</emphasis>
|
||
Tul.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FB8DFDDBFF1260A8" authority="(Poir.) Kunth" authorityName="(Poir.) Kunth" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lonchocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FB8DFDDBFA846084" box="[1093,1355,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Lonchocarpus sericeus</emphasis>
|
||
(Poir.) Kunth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex DC.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FE8BFD27FD9C60A9" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[323,595,659,683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Geoffroea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FE8BFD27FDDF60A9" box="[323,528,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Geoffroea spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
Jacq.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FD97FD27FB9460A8" authority="(Vell.) Morong" authorityName="(Vell.) Morong" box="[607,1115,658,683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Enterolobium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contortisiquum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FD97FD27FC6660A9" box="[607,937,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Enterolobium contortisiquum</emphasis>
|
||
(Vell.) Morong
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FB5EFD27FEDA60CC" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="joazeiro">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FB5EFD27FA9760A9" box="[1174,1368,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Ziziphus joazeiro</emphasis>
|
||
Mart. (Fabaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FEEFFD03FB8360CC" authority="(Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn" authorityName="(Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn" box="[295,1100,694,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FEEFFD03FD8360CC" box="[295,588,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Sideroxylum obtusifolium</emphasis>
|
||
(Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn (Sapotaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FB58FD03FAB960CC" box="[1168,1398,695,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Sapindus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saponaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FB58FD03FAB960CC" box="[1168,1398,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Sapindus saponaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FF56FD6EFEFB60F0" box="[158,308,730,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Lianas are abundant, especially in the rainy season, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FBAEFD6FFEF66114" authority="Kunnth" authorityName="Kunnth" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Serjania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FBAEFD6FFAF960F0" box="[1126,1334,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Serjania glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
Kunnth (Sapindaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FE7DFD4BFDDE6114" box="[437,529,767,791]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs. 12,13,14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FFC97FEDD6634" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
In addition to human activities, the gallery forest habitat is threatened by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FBE5FC97FE8E615C" authority="R. Br." authorityName="R. Br." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cryptostegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FBE5FC97FA856138" box="[1069,1354,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Cryptostegia grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
R. Br. (Apocynaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
an exotic Southeast Asian plant, which occurs throughout the margins of Riacho dos Porcos, and in some spots has replaced the local vegetation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FD7DFCDEFCCE6180" box="[693,769,874,899]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,193,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[202,1385,193,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Habitat and type locality of Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. 11, Male Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. feeding on wet earth, 12, Geoffroea spinosa tree on which leck behavior was observed. 13, Understory view of type locality, 14, General view of Rio dos Porcos at the type locality, 15, Native forest overgrown by Cryptostegia grandiflora, 16, Area beneath Cryptostegia grandiflora showing depletion of understory vegetation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228304/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Due to its known aggressiveness (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DC1FF94FFC1FB63FCDEFAFE6180" author="Grice" box="[1195,1329,874,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" refString="Grice, A. C. (1997) Post-fire re-growth and survival of the invasive tropical shrubs Cryptostegia grandiflora and Ziziphus mauritian. Australian Journal of Ecology, 22, 49 - 55." type="journal article" year="1997">Grice 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DC1FF94FFC1FA89FCDEFE9961A4" author="Silva" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" refString="Silva, S. M. & Cavalcante, A. M. B. (2009) Impactos ambientais e descricao morfologica comparada de duas especies fitoinvasoras (Cryptostegia grandiflora e C. madascariensis) no estado do Ceara. Anais do IX Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil, Sao Lourenco - MG, 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="2009">Silva & Cavalcante 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), monitoring this species is important to prevent further damage to the already compromised local gallery forest, in addition to its effects on the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCDCFC07FC3D61C9" box="[788,1010,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FCDCFC07FC3D61C9" box="[788,1010,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF94FFC1FC31FC06FB9C61C9" box="[1017,1107,946,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FC31FC06FB8361C8" bold="true" box="[1017,1100,946,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The vines and foliage of this plant cut sunlight from the forest floor, limiting the presence of understory vegetation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FBA0FC62FB7B61EC" box="[1128,1204,982,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,193,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[202,1385,193,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Habitat and type locality of Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. 11, Male Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. feeding on wet earth, 12, Geoffroea spinosa tree on which leck behavior was observed. 13, Understory view of type locality, 14, General view of Rio dos Porcos at the type locality, 15, Native forest overgrown by Cryptostegia grandiflora, 16, Area beneath Cryptostegia grandiflora showing depletion of understory vegetation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228304/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.16</figureCitation>
|
||
). This has an impact on the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FE9EFC4FFDFA6611" box="[342,565,1019,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FE9EFC4FFDFA6611" box="[342,565,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FDF4FC4EFD526610" bold="true" box="[572,669,1018,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF94FFC1FDF4FC4EFD586610" box="[572,663,1018,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
for in areas where the plant was common, the butterfly was notably infrequent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FFBF7FC9D6754" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FF0FFBF7FE6A6659" box="[199,421,1091,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FF0FFBF7FE6A6659" box="[199,421,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF94FFC1FE64FBF6FDC96658" box="[428,518,1090,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FE64FBF6FDC96658" bold="true" box="[428,518,1090,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
individuals concentrate in the shade of large trees, resting on the lower surface of the leaves with wings spread and antennae together (Figs. 5,6). On
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FC05FBD2FB4E667C" box="[973,1153,1126,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" value="2013-04-25">April 25, 2013</date>
|
||
, after sunset, numerous individuals possibly displaying leck courtship behavior were seen flying rapidly, in short circular patterns around two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FF01FB1BFE5766C4" box="[201,408,1199,1223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Geoffroea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FF01FB1BFE5766C4" box="[201,408,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Geoffroea spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FE2FFB1AFDF366C4" box="[487,572,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,193,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[202,1385,193,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Habitat and type locality of Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. 11, Male Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. feeding on wet earth, 12, Geoffroea spinosa tree on which leck behavior was observed. 13, Understory view of type locality, 14, General view of Rio dos Porcos at the type locality, 15, Native forest overgrown by Cryptostegia grandiflora, 16, Area beneath Cryptostegia grandiflora showing depletion of understory vegetation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228304/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). No adults were observed feeding on flowers, although one individual was observed on the wet soil on the river margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FD59FB66FD1366E8" box="[657,732,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,193,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[202,1385,193,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Habitat and type locality of Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. 11, Male Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. feeding on wet earth, 12, Geoffroea spinosa tree on which leck behavior was observed. 13, Understory view of type locality, 14, General view of Rio dos Porcos at the type locality, 15, Native forest overgrown by Cryptostegia grandiflora, 16, Area beneath Cryptostegia grandiflora showing depletion of understory vegetation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228304/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.11</figureCitation>
|
||
). From the start of the rainy season in December, 2012 to
|
||
<date id="FFBF66F0FF94FFC1FAA9FB66FF1D670C" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" value="2013-04">April 2013</date>
|
||
, the population had increased from about 30 individuals to hundreds, mostly concentrated in an area of gallery forest about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF94FFC1FEB2FAAEFE2A6730" box="[378,485,1306,1331]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" unit="m" value="45.0">45.000 m</quantity>
|
||
², although individuals were recorded all along the Riacho dos Porcos. However, the population falls during the dry season from June to December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FFAD7FDF66431" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
At the same location, there is a large population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCFFFAD7FB0B6778" authority="Hewitson 1874" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1874" box="[823,1220,1378,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FCFFFAD7FC3B6779" box="[823,1012,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Melanis aegates</emphasis>
|
||
(Hewitson 1874)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (Figs.17,18) with individuals displaying similar color pattern and behavior to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCFCFA33FBDE679C" box="[820,1041,1415,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FCFCFA33FBDE679C" box="[820,1041,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF94FFC1FBD0FA32FBBD679C" box="[1048,1138,1414,1439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FBD0FA32FBBD679C" bold="true" box="[1048,1138,1414,1439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
including leck behavior at sundown, as noted for other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FE1EFA1FFDFF67C0" box="[470,560,1451,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FE1EFA1FFDFF67C0" box="[470,560,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Melanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF903DC1FF94FFC1FD5FFA1EFC8167C0" author="Callaghan" box="[663,846,1450,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" refString="Callaghan, C. J. (2003) The biology of Melanis leucophlegma (Stichel, 1910) (Riodinidae) in western Peru. Journal of the Lepidopterists´Society, 57 (3), 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="2003">Callaghan 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCA8FA1FFC1367C1" box="[864,988,1451,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FCA8FA1FFC1367C1" box="[864,988,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">M. aegates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also recorded in a similar habitat 300 kilometers northwards in the Ceará State (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3526F7FF94FFC1FD49FA66FCD067E9" box="[641,799,1486,1514]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" precision="1" value="-4.5611615">4o33’40.18’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3526F7FF94FFC1FCE6FA66FC2E67E9" box="[814,993,1486,1514]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" precision="1" value="-39.762417">39o45’44.70’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF94FFC1FC27FA66FBFF67E9" box="[1007,1072,1490,1514]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" unit="m" value="470.0">470m</quantity>
|
||
) according to specimens in the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) entomological collection but no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FC18FA41FB62640E" box="[976,1197,1525,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FC18FA41FB62640E" box="[976,1197,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF94FFC1FB7BFA41FAC3640D" box="[1203,1292,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FB7BFA41FAC3640D" bold="true" box="[1203,1292,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were seen at this locality (C. E. Nobre, pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FF989FE49650A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
There is a possible mimicry ring in the area with other insects converging on the black and white wing pattern and yellow/orange scaling on the head and abdomen. In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FC65F9D5FBA9647A" box="[941,1126,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FC65F9D5FBA9647A" box="[941,1126,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Melanis aegates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pattern is shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FF5FF931FD45649D" authority="Fabricius 1781" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,650,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Fulgoridae" genus="Acraephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FF5FF931FE63649E" box="[151,428,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Acraephia perspicillata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius 1781)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FD62F931FCE9649D" box="[682,806,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCF5F931FC77649D" box="[829,952,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Fulgoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Fulgoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FC15F931FBE6649D" box="[989,1065,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Insects forming a mimicry ring with Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. w ith similar color patterns. 17, Melanis aegates live female (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), 18, Melanis aegates ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right), 19, Acraephia perspicillata (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 20, Melanchroia chephise (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 21, Melanchroia aterea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right), 22, Hyperalonia morio erythrocephala (Diptera: Bombyliidae) live individual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228305/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.19</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FB83F931FF1564C1" authority="Stoll, 1782" authorityName="Stoll" authorityYear="1782" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Melanchroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chephise">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FB83F931FA9F649E" box="[1099,1360,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Melanchroia chephise</emphasis>
|
||
(Stoll, 1782)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FF2BF91DFEE264C1" box="[227,301,1705,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Insects forming a mimicry ring with Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. w ith similar color patterns. 17, Melanis aegates live female (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), 18, Melanis aegates ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right), 19, Acraephia perspicillata (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 20, Melanchroia chephise (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 21, Melanchroia aterea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right), 22, Hyperalonia morio erythrocephala (Diptera: Bombyliidae) live individual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228305/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.20</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FE8FF91DFD0464C1" authority="Stoll, 1781" authorityName="Stoll" authorityYear="1781" box="[327,715,1705,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Melanchroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aterea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FE8FF91DFDE464C2" box="[327,555,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Melanchroia aterea</emphasis>
|
||
(Stoll, 1781)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FD28F91DFCA164C1" box="[736,878,1705,1730]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCB6F91DFBD564C1" box="[894,1050,1705,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FBE2F91DFBA064C1" box="[1066,1135,1705,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Insects forming a mimicry ring with Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. w ith similar color patterns. 17, Melanis aegates live female (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), 18, Melanis aegates ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right), 19, Acraephia perspicillata (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 20, Melanchroia chephise (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 21, Melanchroia aterea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right), 22, Hyperalonia morio erythrocephala (Diptera: Bombyliidae) live individual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228305/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig.21</figureCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FB76F91DFDC464E5" authority="Fabricius, 1805" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Hyperalonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="morio" subSpecies="erythrocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FB76F91DFE8E64E6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Hyperalonia morio erythrocephala</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1805)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FDD5F979FDB864E5" box="[541,631,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FD4CF979FCD964E5" box="[644,790,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF94FFC1FCF8F979FC4864E5" box="[816,903,1741,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Insects forming a mimicry ring with Pheles caatingensis sp. nov. w ith similar color patterns. 17, Melanis aegates live female (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), 18, Melanis aegates ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right), 19, Acraephia perspicillata (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 20, Melanchroia chephise (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); 21, Melanchroia aterea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right), 22, Hyperalonia morio erythrocephala (Diptera: Bombyliidae) live individual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228305/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). These last three, however, are found only in adjacent sunny areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF94FFC1FF0FF8A1FB2A65E1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">
|
||
The black and white wing pattern with blue veins and red/orange head coloring is common throughout the Amazon basin, both in day flying moths, particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FCD3F88DFC606551" box="[795,943,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and butterflies of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FAD2F88DFA566551" box="[1306,1433,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the latter are species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FE36F8E9FD866576" box="[510,585,1885,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FE36F8E9FD866576" box="[510,585,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Pheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as mentioned above, and the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FC20F8E9FBBB6576" box="[1000,1140,1885,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Esthemopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FC20F8E9FBBB6576" box="[1000,1140,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Esthemopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FB37F8E9FA576575" box="[1279,1432,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">Symmachiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FE64F835FDF7659A" box="[428,568,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Esthemopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FE64F835FDF7659A" box="[428,568,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Esthemopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sharing these patterns are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FC4CF836FB106599" authority="H.W. Bates, 1865" authorityName="H.W. Bates" authorityYear="1865" box="[900,1247,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Esthemopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alicia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FC4CF836FC25659A" box="[900,1002,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">E. alicia</emphasis>
|
||
(H.W. Bates, 1865)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FB39F836FD8365BD" authority="Godman and Salvin, 1878" authorityName="Godman and Salvin" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Esthemopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pherephatte" subSpecies="caeruleata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FB39F836FEC065BE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">E. pherephatte caeruleata</emphasis>
|
||
(Godman and Salvin, 1878)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF94FFC1FD4AF812FC4765BD" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[642,904,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Esthemopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF94FFC1FD4AF812FD1665BE" box="[642,729,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">E. teras</emphasis>
|
||
(Stichel, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This mimicry complex is particularly common in the western Amazon, from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31600A0FF94FFC1FDF4F87DFD6565E1" box="[572,682,1993,2018]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31600A0FF94FFC1FCFCF87DFC4965E1" box="[820,902,1993,2018]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="562">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Callaghan, unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E10B8FF95FFC0FF5FF8EBFC9565D2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228304/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" targetBox="[202,1385,193,1865]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF95FFC0FF5FF8EBFC9565D2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1886,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FF5FF8EBFC046576" bold="true" box="[151,971,1886,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">
|
||
FIGURES 11–16. Habitat and type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF95FFC0FD4CF8EAFC9E6577" box="[644,849,1886,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FD4CF8EAFC9E6577" bold="true" box="[644,849,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF95FFC0FC9EF8EBFC686576" box="[854,935,1887,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
11,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF95FFC0FBC4F8EBFB1B6576" box="[1036,1236,1887,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FBC4F8EBFB1B6576" box="[1036,1236,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF95FFC0FB12F8EBFAE56576" box="[1242,1322,1887,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FB12F8EBFAE56576" bold="true" box="[1242,1322,1887,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
feeding on wet earth,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FECBF8CAFEED6597" bold="true" box="[259,290,1918,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">12,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF95FFC0FEE1F8CAFE2C6597" box="[297,483,1918,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Geoffroea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FEE1F8CAFE2C6597" box="[297,483,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">Geoffroea spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree on which leck behavior was observed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FC6EF8CAFC0A6597" bold="true" box="[934,965,1918,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">13,</emphasis>
|
||
Understory view of type locality,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FAEDF8CAFA8B6597" bold="true" box="[1317,1348,1918,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">14,</emphasis>
|
||
General view of Rio dos Porcos at the type locality,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FDB1F828FD5765B1" bold="true" box="[633,664,1948,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">15,</emphasis>
|
||
Native forest overgrown by
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FC1BF829FB1365B1" box="[979,1244,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF95FFC0FC1BF829FB1665B1" box="[979,1241,1948,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cryptostegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">Cryptostegia grandiflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FB2EF828FAC965B1" bold="true" box="[1254,1286,1948,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">16,</emphasis>
|
||
Area beneath
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF95FFC0FF5FF808FE5A65D2" box="[151,405,1979,2001]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cryptostegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF95FFC0FF5FF808FE5A65D2" box="[151,405,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="563">Cryptostegia grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing depletion of understory vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E10B8FF96FFC3FF5FF9B1FAAC6495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228305/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1519]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF96FFC3FF5FF9B1FAAC6495" blockId="6.[151,1436,1540,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FF5FF9B1FE9E6418" bold="true" box="[151,337,1541,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">FIGURES 17–22</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FEAAF9B1FA546418" bold="true" box="[354,1435,1540,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">
|
||
Insects forming a mimicry ring with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FCCFF9B0FC186419" box="[775,983,1540,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FCCFF9B0FC186419" bold="true" box="[775,983,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF96FFC3FC2AF9B1FBF96418" box="[994,1078,1541,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FB89F9B2FB9D6418" bold="true" box="[1089,1106,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">w</emphasis>
|
||
ith similar color patterns. 17,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FF5FF990FEF16439" box="[151,318,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FF5FF990FEF16439" box="[151,318,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Melanis aegates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live female (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FE04F990FD836439" box="[460,588,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FD90F990FD066439" box="[600,713,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FD16F990FD316439" bold="true" box="[734,766,1572,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">18,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FCCFF990FC606439" box="[775,943,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Melanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FCCFF990FC606439" box="[775,943,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Melanis aegates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FAB4F990FA546439" bold="true" box="[1404,1435,1572,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">19,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FF5FF9F6FE42645B" box="[151,397,1602,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Fulgoridae" genus="Acraephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FF5FF9F6FE42645B" box="[151,397,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Acraephia perspicillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FE68F9F6FDDF645B" box="[416,528,1602,1624]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FDE9F9F6FD5C645B" box="[545,659,1602,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Fulgoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Fulgoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right);
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FB40F9F6FB67645B" bold="true" box="[1160,1192,1602,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">20,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FB7DF9F6FA53645B" box="[1205,1436,1602,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Melanchroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chephise">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FB7DF9F6FA53645B" box="[1205,1436,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Melanchroia chephise</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FF56F9D5FED16474" box="[158,286,1633,1655]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FEE1F9D5FE7F6474" box="[297,432,1633,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right);
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FCB7F9D5FC506474" bold="true" box="[895,927,1633,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">21,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FC6FF9D5FBBE6474" box="[935,1137,1633,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Melanchroia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aterea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FC6FF9D5FBBE6474" box="[935,1137,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Melanchroia aterea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FBB7F9D5FB306474" box="[1151,1279,1633,1655]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FAC2F9D5FA5E6474" box="[1290,1425,1633,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FD80F934FDA86495" bold="true" box="[584,615,1664,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">22,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FDA6F934FC1E6495" box="[622,977,1664,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Hyperalonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="morio" subSpecies="erythrocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FDA6F934FC1E6495" box="[622,977,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Hyperalonia morio erythrocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FC15F934FBE16495" box="[989,1070,1664,1686]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FBF0F934FB736495" box="[1080,1212,1664,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) live individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B13BBFF96FFC3FF0FF909FD9A65AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE4030FF96FFC3FF0FF909FD9A65AE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1725,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FF0FF909FE0D64D5" bold="true" box="[199,450,1725,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">
|
||
Distribution. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A5CB5FF96FFC3FEA6F909FE7564D5" box="[366,442,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionText="FIGURE 23. Location map." pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Fig 23</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The species appears to be rare and local but widespread. A few individuals were located elsewhere along the Riacho dos Porcos, but not in the same numbers as at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BAFE92FF96FFC3FBF1F956FBA664F9" box="[1081,1129,1762,1786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. In June, 2013 an additional colony was located in Cabrobó municipality Pernambuco state (8 19'39.95'' S, 39 20'23.38'' W) in a sparse forest consisting mainly of algaroba, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FD61F89EFCBA6542" box="[681,885,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FD61F89EFCBE6542" box="[681,881,1833,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="julifolia">Prosopis julifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) along a nearly dry stream bed. There are also specimens in the Coleção Entomológica Pe. J. S. Moure, UFPR (DZUP) from northern Bahia State (Juazeiro,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9EDD5FF96FFC3FF5FF8C6FF136589" box="[151,220,1906,1930]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
|
||
). These findings suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C013BB3FF96FFC3FDFFF8C5FCD7658A" box="[567,792,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FDFFF8C5FCD7658A" box="[567,792,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">Pheles caatingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2462159FF96FFC3FCEAF8C5FCB06589" box="[802,895,1905,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9759C22FF96FFC3FCEAF8C5FCB06589" bold="true" box="[802,895,1905,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="564">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is widespread in the Caatinga in other similar humid habitats well into the dry season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |