363 lines
48 KiB
XML
363 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="6CE75ECE0309C33C725B2064BC133D0B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9e8db20e-7929-4904-860e-b5a2ee4ecd78" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221907" ID-ZooBank="767E3CD7-615D-4C62-9F84-BBA7D39676C9" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460625479991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brinckmann-Voss, Anita & Calder, Dale R." docDate="2013" docId="038EC03A28192041FF0E39E90E5FCF66" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p397.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus Brinckmann-Voss & Calder, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="395" masterDocId="FFB7B84228182047FF993D300C0AC861" masterDocTitle="Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae), a new species of anthoathecate hydroid from the coast of British Columbia, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="397" masterPageNumber="389" pageNumber="390" updateTime="1698334207327" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4511DADC3E41117AB6DDBC1C87622782">
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<mods:title id="8741890141CA1BFE0ABF0EF46C37F8F5">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae), a new species of anthoathecate hydroid from the coast of British Columbia, Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0A8426DFF5C3710A796625F023910EBE">Brinckmann-Voss, Anita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="71EC2D047E892BF5EB1A1CB51F4209B5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7B2DA9D897F771EF3A8C1625D28C2137">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A59000D382943CD6B7946A3C72F06507">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BFF3D353301BD77143E3B64D2662737F">
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<mods:date id="90A27088202C37D30F6AA60D7B5E8F8D">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="1D220A33609CF6A2C8EDE3DD534B6B7F" type="GBIF-Dataset">9e8db20e-7929-4904-860e-b5a2ee4ecd78</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA0FC579F2266E8554DFAE112BCED917" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F078ABEF8C83ED3D6CE5B6D75228D17" type="Zenodo-Dep">221907</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038EC03A28192041FF0E39E90E5FCF66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6152128" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125815724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6152128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EC03A28192041FF0E39E90E5FCF66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038EC03A28192041FF0E39E90E5FCF66" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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<subSubSection id="C33D22A728192046FF0E39E90DEDCD57" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98712C28192046FF0E39E90E02CC93" blockId="1.[151,520,1240,1267]" box="[151,520,1240,1267]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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<heading id="D0D0C64028192046FF0E39E90E02CC93" bold="true" box="[151,520,1240,1267]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B953AD3E28192046FF0E39E90E02CC93" bold="true" box="[151,520,1240,1267]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF28192046FF0E39E90D96CC92" ID-CoL="7GK3X" box="[151,412,1241,1267]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B953AD3E28192046FF0E39E90D96CC92" bold="true" box="[151,412,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260104528192046FE3239E80E02CC93" box="[427,520,1240,1266]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98712C28192046FF0E38100DEDCD57" blockId="1.[151,929,1312,1365]" box="[151,487,1312,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF28192046FF0E38100D16CD57" box="[151,284,1312,1334]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Tubulariidae</taxonomicName>
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.—Millen, 1985: 15.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D22A728192046FF0E380F0FABCD35" box="[151,929,1342,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B98712C28192046FF0E380F0FABCD35" blockId="1.[151,929,1312,1365]" box="[151,929,1342,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF28192046FF0E380F0D13CD34" box="[151,281,1343,1365]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953AD3E28192046FF0E380F0D13CD34" box="[151,281,1343,1365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Corymorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.—Harbo, 1999: 32; 2011: 46.—Austin, 2000: 58, 60, 62, 63.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D22A728192046FF0E38B10EC1CFF5" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B98712C28192046FF0E38B10874CE69" blockId="1.[151,1436,1409,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="B953AD3E28192046FF0E38B10D82CDFB" bold="true" box="[151,392,1409,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="549CCF8E28192046FE0E38B10E0ECDF8" box="[407,516,1409,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Kuldekduma Island, Weynton Passage, Broughton Strait, British
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<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FABE38B10992CDF8" box="[1319,1432,1409,1433]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FF0E38950CE4CDDC" box="[151,238,1445,1469]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Canada</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1317EB28192046FF6738950D98CDDC" box="[254,402,1445,1469]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" precision="1" value="50.588318">50°35.299’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1317EB28192046FE3A38950E43CDDC" box="[419,585,1445,1469]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" precision="1" value="-126.8341">126°50.046’W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FD3A38950EFFCDDC" box="[675,757,1445,1469]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="ft" value="60.0">60 feet</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FC9338950F46CDDC" box="[778,844,1445,1469]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
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),
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<date id="FF9957EC28192046FCFC38950817CDDC" box="[869,1053,1445,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" value="2012-03-30">30 March 2012</date>
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, on rock amongst barnacles and sponges, mature polyp,
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<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FE2D38F90E0CCD80" box="[436,518,1481,1505]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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high (preserved in 4% formaldehyde; specimen part of a larger aggregation covering about
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<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FEDC38C00D76CE69" box="[325,380,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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2), with female (?) gonophores, coll. Neil McDaniel, ROMIZ B3957.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B98712C28192046FF5E3B250DBBCF65" blockId="1.[151,1436,1409,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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<typeStatus id="549CCF8E28192046FF5E3B250D32CE4C" box="[199,312,1557,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
: Kuldekduma Island, Weynton Passage, Broughton Strait, British
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<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FBBA3B24089ECE4D" box="[1059,1172,1556,1580]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FB393B2408FDCE4D" box="[1184,1271,1556,1580]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Canada</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1317EB28192046FA9A3B240992CE4D" box="[1283,1432,1556,1580]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" precision="1" value="50.588318">50°35.299’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1317EB28192046FF0E3B080D37CE31" box="[151,317,1592,1616]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" precision="1" value="-126.8341">126°50.046’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, depth
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||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FE163B080DD6CE31" box="[399,476,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="ft" value="60.0">60 feet</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FE743B080E23CE31" box="[493,553,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
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||
),
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||
<date id="FF9957EC28192046FDA73B080EE4CE31" box="[574,750,1592,1616]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" value="2012-03-30">30 March 2012</date>
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, on rock amongst barnacles and sponges, several mature and juvenile polyps (part of the same aggregation that included the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549CCF8E28192046FCCF3B6C0FB6CE15" box="[854,956,1628,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
), adults with female gonophores, coll. Neil McDaniel, ROMIZ B3958.—Kuldekduma Island, Weynton Passage, Broughton Strait, British
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FB5D3BB0093FCEF9" box="[1220,1333,1664,1688]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FAD83BB00992CEF9" box="[1345,1432,1664,1688]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Canada</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1317EB28192046FF0E3B940D21CEDD" box="[151,299,1700,1724]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" precision="1" value="50.588318">50°35.299’N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1317EB28192046FEA23B940DE8CEDD" box="[315,482,1700,1724]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" precision="1" value="-126.8341">126°50.046’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, depth
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||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FDA23B940E86CEDD" box="[571,652,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="ft" value="60.0">60 feet</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FD383B940EE8CEDD" box="[673,738,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
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||
),
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<date id="FF9957EC28192046FD623B940FB8CEDD" box="[763,946,1700,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" value="2012-03-30">30 March 2012</date>
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||
, on rock amongst barnacles and sponges, mature and immature hydranths (part of the same aggregation that included the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549CCF8E28192046FBAD3BF80890CE81" box="[1076,1178,1736,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
), coll. Neil McDaniel, RBCM 2012-00234-001.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B98712C28192046FF5E3A200EC1CFF5" blockId="1.[151,1436,1409,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
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||
Additional material: Pearse Reefs, Weynton Passage, Broughton Strait, British
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<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FBCD3A2008CFCF49" box="[1108,1221,1808,1832]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Columbia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33031BC28192046FB4A3A200920CF49" box="[1235,1322,1808,1832]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FA193A200CCBCF2D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="ft" value="60.0">60 feet</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FF483A040D04CF2D" box="[209,270,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FF9957EC28192046FEBB3A040DBCCF2D" box="[290,438,1844,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" value="2012-07-23">23 July 2012</date>
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||
, several mature and juvenile polyps, adults with female gonophores, coll. Steve Lacasse, ROMIZ B3959.—Plumper Island, Weynton Passage, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FCD03A680F90CF11" box="[841,922,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="ft" value="60.0">60 feet</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FC343A680FE6CF11" box="[941,1004,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FF9957EC28192046FB9D3A6808B6CF11" box="[1028,1212,1880,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" value="2012-10-09">9 October 2012</date>
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||
, several polyps, all male, coll. Steve Lacasse, RBCM 012-00277-001.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D22A728192045FF5E3AAF0FAECFD3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C28192045FF5E3AAF0EE1CBE3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1409,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,898]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E28192046FF5E3AAF0D58CFD9" bold="true" box="[199,338,1951,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA928192046FEFD3A900DD9CFD9" box="[356,467,1952,1976]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1417,1440]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1632,1655]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,954,1545]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1424,203,1395]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1436,412,1590]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,954,1545]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1395]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,410,1610]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus, live aggregation of polyps, from nature. A, entire aggregation (collected 30 March 2012). B, closer view of an aggregation, showing polyps and gonophores (collected 28 February 2012). Photo by Neil McDaniel." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus, adult and juvenile polyps. Scale for adult equals 0.5 mm; scale for juvenile equals 0.125 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus. Diagrams of polyps. a, gonophores on blastosyle, scale 1 mm. b, female gonophores, scale 0.4 mm. c, base of hydrocaulus with two tubers and young polyp, scale 1 mm. d, smaller polyp showing neck (x) and tubers on lower part of hydrocaulus, scale 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus, section of hydrocaulus showing longitudinal canals. Scale equals 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/221908/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/221909/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/221910/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/221911/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="390">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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). Hydroids occurring in colony-like aggregations of polyps composed of adults and numerous juveniles in all stages of development; adults up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FCC33AF40F99CFBD" box="[858,915,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC928192046FB9E3AF40843CFBD" box="[1031,1097,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (hydranth body without tentacles; preserved specimens). Aggregations varying from those having one adult polyp plus one juvenile to others comprising numerous adult and juvenile polyps and covering several cm2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FBDA3D8F0882C8B6" box="[1091,1160,191,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,954,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,954,1545]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus, live aggregation of polyps, from nature. A, entire aggregation (collected 30 March 2012). B, closer view of an aggregation, showing polyps and gonophores (collected 28 February 2012). Photo by Neil McDaniel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221908/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Figs.1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Polyps within an aggregation loosely bound together by tubers growing from lower parts of hydrocauli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FBE23DD208C8C89B" box="[1147,1218,226,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[154,1424,203,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1395]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus, adult and juvenile polyps. Scale for adult equals 0.5 mm; scale for juvenile equals 0.125 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); tubers either thin and forming a loose, web-like mass resembling a hydrorhiza, or consisting of two or three thick, finger-like projections from base of hydrocaulus clasping around substrate and thereby anchoring polyps; mass formed by entwined tubers not very stable, such that groups of one to several hydranths easily separated; anastomosing of tubers not observed. New polyps developing either from lower part of hydrocaulus, or from thicker tubers often adjacent to an existing hydrocaulus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FDAC3CA70E72C9CE" box="[565,632,407,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[176,1436,412,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,410,1610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus. Diagrams of polyps. a, gonophores on blastosyle, scale 1 mm. b, female gonophores, scale 0.4 mm. c, base of hydrocaulus with two tubers and young polyp, scale 1 mm. d, smaller polyp showing neck (x) and tubers on lower part of hydrocaulus, scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
c), or sprouting from thinner tubers on hydrorhiza; less frequently, new polyps arising from outer side of perisarc of hydrocaulus, the origin of such polyps presently being unclear. Perisarc thin, transparent, often inconspicuous or lacking in upper section of hydrocaulus; empty perisarc tubes present in some parts of colony. Hydrocaulus wide, often rounded and broad at base, narrowing distally and widening slightly below aboral tentacle whorl. Dissected hydrocauli filled with more or less dense parenchymatic tissue, walls coursed by small but numerous peripheral endodermal canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FC743F7A0839CA03" box="[1005,1075,586,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1500,1523]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus, section of hydrocaulus showing longitudinal canals. Scale equals 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydranths vasiform, with oral and aboral whorls of tentacles, short neck area visible below aboral tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FB913F5F0841CAE6" box="[1032,1099,623,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[176,1436,412,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,410,1610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus. Diagrams of polyps. a, gonophores on blastosyle, scale 1 mm. b, female gonophores, scale 0.4 mm. c, base of hydrocaulus with two tubers and young polyp, scale 1 mm. d, smaller polyp showing neck (x) and tubers on lower part of hydrocaulus, scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
d); interior of hydranth with a large oral chamber above cushion of vacuolated cells. Aboral tentacles filiform,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFDCC9281A2045FBBD3FA20882CACB" box="[1060,1160,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="2" pageNumber="391" unit="in" value="33.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="26.0">26–40 in</quantity>
|
||
number in adult polyps, arranged in a narrow band made up of two or three concentric rings. Oral tentacles filiform, 50–60, arranged in five irregular whorls, shortest ones surrounding mouth. Blastostyles about 20 per hydranth, of varying lengths, usually not longer than hydranth, arising from hydranth between oral and aboral tentacle whorls. Gonophores oval, without radial canals or tentacles, arising from small pedicels on all sides of blastostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FB863E12086BCB5B" box="[1055,1121,802,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[176,1436,412,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,410,1610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus. Diagrams of polyps. a, gonophores on blastosyle, scale 1 mm. b, female gonophores, scale 0.4 mm. c, base of hydrocaulus with two tubers and young polyp, scale 1 mm. d, smaller polyp showing neck (x) and tubers on lower part of hydrocaulus, scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Female gonophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FAF63E120CAECB3E" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[176,1436,412,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,410,1610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus. Diagrams of polyps. a, gonophores on blastosyle, scale 1 mm. b, female gonophores, scale 0.4 mm. c, base of hydrocaulus with two tubers and young polyp, scale 1 mm. d, smaller polyp showing neck (x) and tubers on lower part of hydrocaulus, scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
b) with a few large cell masses thought to be embryos, but no actinulae found in any of a large number of gonophores examined from two different collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5821A4281A2045FF0E3B110966CE37" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221908/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391" targetBox="[151,1436,954,1545]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281A2045FF0E3B110966CE37" blockId="2.[151,1437,1569,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281A2045FF0E3B110D1ECE56" bold="true" box="[151,276,1569,1592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281A2045FE823B130DFDCE56" box="[283,503,1569,1592]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="391" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281A2045FE823B130DFDCE56" box="[283,503,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, live aggregation of polyps, from nature. A, entire aggregation (collected 30 March 2012). B, closer view of an aggregation, showing polyps and gonophores (collected 28 February 2012). Photo by Neil McDaniel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281A2045FF5E3BAE0FAECFD3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1694,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281A2045FF5E3BAE0D3ECED6" bold="true" box="[199,308,1694,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Cnidome</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281A2045FEDC3BAF0D86CED6" box="[325,396,1695,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1507,1530]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,194,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,194,1486]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cnidocysts of Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus. A, stenotele, small, from oral tentacle. B, stenotele, large, from aboral tentacle. C, microbasic eurytele, from aboral tentacle. D, desmoneme, from oral tentacle. E, desmoneme, from oral tentacle (differential interference contrast). F, isorhiza, large, from hydranth. G, isorhizas, slender, from gonophore. H, basitrich, from gonophore. I, basitrich, discharged, from gonophore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221912/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="391">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stenoteles, small (on oral and aboral tentacles, hydranth body, and gonophores; n = 10): 8.2–10.2 x 6.3–8.3 μm (undischarged).—Stenoteles, large (on oral and aboral tentacles, hydranth body, and gonophores; n = 10): 10.9–11.8 x 9.0–10.1 μm (undischarged).—Desmonemes (on oral and aboral tentacles, hydranth body, and gonophores; n = 10): 7.5–8.7 x 6.0–7.1 μm (undischarged).—Microbasic euryteles (on oral and aboral tentacles, hydranth body, and gonophores; n = 10): 11.9–14.8 x 8.1–10.0 μm (undischarged).—Basitrichs (on oral and aboral tentacles, hydranth body, and gonophores; n = 9): 7.0–11.3 x 2.0–3.4 μm (undischarged).— Isorhizas, large (on hydranth body and gonophores; n = 10): 15.0–19.5 x 6.9–9.0 μm (undischarged).—Isorhizas, slender (on gonophores; n = 2): 8.1–9.8 x 1.6–1.8 μm (undischarged).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5821A4281B2044FF0E38B90CCFCDDF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221909/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" targetBox="[154,1424,203,1395]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281B2044FF0E38B90CCFCDDF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1417,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FF0E38B90D1ECDFF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1417,1440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FE8538BA0DF5CDFE" box="[284,511,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FE8538BA0DF1CDFE" box="[284,507,1417,1439]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
adult and juvenile polyps. Scale for adult equals 0.5 mm; scale for juvenile equals 0.125 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D22A7281B2042FF5E38DB0FE6CF37" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281B2044FF5E38DB0D16CF27" blockId="3.[151,1436,1514,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FF5E38DB0D31CE62" bold="true" box="[199,315,1515,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FD8838DC0F2ECE63" authority="Stechow, 1921" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1921" box="[529,804,1514,1539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FD8838DC0E79CE62" box="[529,627,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Zyzzyzus</emphasis>
|
||
Stechow, 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Petersen 1990; Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FBD738DC088BCE62" box="[1102,1153,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007), now comprising seven species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FED93B200DE3CE47" box="[320,489,1550,1575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FED93B200DE3CE47" box="[320,489,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Z. rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FC9B3B200827CE47" authority="Petersen 1990" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1990" box="[770,1069,1550,1575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FC9B3B200F8ACE47" box="[770,896,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Z. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
Petersen 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unlike in the latter species, (1) perisarc surrounding the zooid is thin and transparent rather than thick, stiff, and conspicuous, (2) aboral tentacles are scattered within a narrow band at the base of the hydranth rather than being arranged in a single whorl, (3) gonophores arise from blastostyles on simple pedicels that sometimes split only at their end instead of occurring on seven or eight very short, stout branches (Petersen, 1990: 184). Hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FC753B900899CED7" box="[1004,1171,1694,1719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FC753B900899CED7" box="[1004,1171,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Z. rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a striking raspberry colour which fades but little in formalin, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FD5B3BF40F34CEBA" box="[706,830,1731,1755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FD5B3BF40F34CEBA" box="[706,830,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Z. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as a “rich yellow brown” (Petersen 1990: 184). Unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FED43BD80DFFCE9F" box="[333,501,1766,1791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FED43BD80DFFCE9F" box="[333,501,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Z. rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may grow in dense, colony-like aggregations, hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FB753BD80961CE9F" box="[1260,1387,1766,1791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FB753BD80961CE9F" box="[1260,1387,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Z. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and others of the genus are described as “solitary” and appear to grow in a more scattered pattern (Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FA843A3C095CCF42" box="[1309,1366,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281B2044FF0E3A1E0CEACF27" box="[151,224,1838,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,954,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,954,1545]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus, live aggregation of polyps, from nature. A, entire aggregation (collected 30 March 2012). B, closer view of an aggregation, showing polyps and gonophores (collected 28 February 2012). Photo by Neil McDaniel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221908/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
a, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281B2043FF5E3A630962C905" blockId="3.[151,1436,1514,2007]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">
|
||
We do not know how polyp aggregations in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281B2044FD2A3A640F53CF0A" box="[691,857,1875,1899]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281B2044FD2A3A640F53CF0A" box="[691,857,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="392">Z. rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are formed, or whether each aggregation represents a clone. Juvenile polyps in our material most commonly arose either from the tubers or from proximal regions of the hydrocauli of fully-developed polyps; less often they arose from the outer layer of perisarc enveloping the hydrocaulus of larger specimens. It remains unclear, however, whether such young polyps arose by asexual budding, by settlement of sexually-generated larval stages from the same aggregation, by settlement of such larvae from adjacent aggregations, or by a combination of these methods. It is therefore questionable whether they constitute a colony, usually defined in Hydrozoa as an assemblage of interconnected polypoid and/or medusoid individuals derived asexually from a single larval stage (Cornelius 1995; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281C2043FBED3C3508A0C97D" box="[1140,1194,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006; Nawrocki & Cartwright 2012). It is also uncertain whether they constitute “aggregated colonies” in the sense of Stepanjants
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281C2043FA113C190CA7C905" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002), defined as an association of polyps that are loosely connected basally yet have common coenosarc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5821A4281C2043FF0E3B500E29CED2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221910/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" targetBox="[176,1436,412,1590]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281C2043FF0E3B500E29CED2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1632,1715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281C2043FF0E3B500D19CE14" bold="true" box="[151,275,1632,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281C2043FE833B510DFECE17" box="[282,500,1632,1654]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281C2043FE833B510DFECE17" box="[282,500,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Diagrams of polyps. a, gonophores on blastosyle, scale 1 mm. b, female gonophores, scale 0.4 mm. c, base of hydrocaulus with two tubers and young polyp, scale 1 mm. d, smaller polyp showing neck (x) and tubers on lower part of hydrocaulus, scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281C2043FF5E3BED08E4CF91" blockId="4.[151,1436,1756,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
|
||
As noted by Cornelius (1995), zoological terminology does not yet precisely cover the variety of phenomena grouped within the term “colony.” Indeed, Nawrocki & Cartwright (2012) reported a different kind of colony formation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281C2043FEB03A140F1ACF5D" authority="Ellis & Solander, 1786" authorityName="Ellis & Solander" authorityYear="1786" box="[297,784,1828,1852]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="larynx">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281C2043FEB03A140DFFCF5D" box="[297,501,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Ectopleura larynx</emphasis>
|
||
(Ellis & Solander, 1786)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a hydroid belonging to the same family (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281C2043FB7D3A14097CCF5D" box="[1252,1398,1828,1852]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Tubulariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281C2043FF0E3A790D86CF01" box="[151,396,1864,1888]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281C2043FF0E3A790D86CF01" box="[151,396,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Colonies in that species were formed through fusion of polyps that had been generated sexually, rather than through asexual means. However aggregations of polyps are established in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281C2043FB753A5D099FCFE5" box="[1260,1429,1900,1924]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281C2043FB753A5D099FCFE5" box="[1260,1429,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Z. rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and whether they can be defined as colonies or not, observed polyp clusters in the species likely afford those adaptive advantages attributed to a colony over solitary animals on hard substrates, especially increased effectiveness in competition for space (Jackson 1977; Osman 1977; Nawrocki & Cartwright 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5821A4281D2042FF0E38EC08E7CD92" box="[151,1261,1500,1523]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221911/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1479]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281D2042FF0E38EC08E7CD92" blockId="5.[151,1261,1500,1523]" box="[151,1261,1500,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FF0E38EC0D18CD93" bold="true" box="[151,274,1500,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FE8038EE0DFECD92" box="[281,500,1501,1523]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FE8038EE0DFECD92" box="[281,500,1501,1523]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, section of hydrocaulus showing longitudinal canals. Scale equals 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281D2042FF5E3B100F0CCE8B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1566,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FF5E3B100DB2CE57" box="[199,440,1566,1591]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FF5E3B100DB2CE57" box="[199,440,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first mentioned in the literature as “the raspberry hydroid” in a published abstract by Millen (1985). She noted that it was preyed upon by both an aeolid nudibranch and a stenothoid amphipod. In describing that previously unknown nudibranch, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FD773B560869CE1F" authority="Millen (1986)" authorityName="Millen" authorityYear="1986" box="[750,1123,1638,1662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tergipedidae" genus="Cuthona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FD773B560FB8CE1F" box="[750,946,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Cuthona punicea</emphasis>
|
||
, Millen (1986)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
noted that its prey was an “…undescribed, wine-red hydroid…” The species has been illustrated in Pacific coast guidebooks (e.g. Harbo 1999, 2011, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FEDE3B9E0DDCCEA7" box="[327,470,1710,1734]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FEDE3B9E0DDCCEA7" box="[327,470,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Corymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.), and it was listed, again as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FCD43B9E0FD6CEA7" box="[845,988,1710,1734]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FCD43B9E0FD6CEA7" box="[845,988,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Corymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., in a work on rare and endangered invertebrate species of British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33031BC281D2042FE743BE20E51CE8B" box="[493,603,1746,1770]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Austin 2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281D2042FF5E3BC60FE6CF37" blockId="5.[151,1437,1566,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Although actinula larvae are reported in the life cycle of other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FB143BC808E5CF6E" box="[1165,1263,1784,1807]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FB143BC808E5CF6E" box="[1165,1263,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Zyzzyzus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we have been unable to confirm their existence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FDAD3A2B0ED6CF53" box="[564,732,1818,1842]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FDAD3A2B0ED6CF53" box="[564,732,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Z. rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Oval, whitish masses believed to be embryos were visible in female gonophores of our material, but their nature is still obscure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C6DA9281D2042FC123A0E0FC7CF37" box="[907,973,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[176,1436,412,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,410,1610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus. Diagrams of polyps. a, gonophores on blastosyle, scale 1 mm. b, female gonophores, scale 0.4 mm. c, base of hydrocaulus with two tubers and young polyp, scale 1 mm. d, smaller polyp showing neck (x) and tubers on lower part of hydrocaulus, scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D22A7281D2042FF5E3A520D07CF87" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281D2042FF5E3A520D07CF87" blockId="5.[151,1437,1566,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FF5E3A520D6ACF1A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1890,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Although guidebooks claim the distribution of the “raspberry hydroid” (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281D2042FB243A520946CF1B" box="[1213,1356,1890,1914]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281D2042FB243A520946CF1B" box="[1213,1356,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Corymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) to be from Alaska to central California, we could confirm its occurrence only for Weynton Passage in Broughton Strait, and Discovery Passage off Quadra Island (Rick Harbo, 1999, 2011 and personal information), all in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33031BC281D2042FF0E3AFE0D03CF87" box="[151,265,1998,2022]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5821A4281E2041FF0E38D30EA7CE37" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221912/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" targetBox="[152,1435,194,1485]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281E2041FF0E38D30EA7CE37" blockId="6.[151,1436,1507,1622]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281E2041FF0E38D30D1DCD98" bold="true" box="[151,279,1507,1530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidocysts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281E2041FE2538D40E96CD98" box="[444,668,1507,1529]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281E2041FE2538D40E96CD98" box="[444,668,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, stenotele, small, from oral tentacle. B, stenotele, large, from aboral tentacle. C, microbasic eurytele, from aboral tentacle. D, desmoneme, from oral tentacle. E, desmoneme, from oral tentacle (differential interference contrast). F, isorhiza, large, from hydranth. G, isorhizas, slender, from gonophore. H, basitrich, from gonophore. I, basitrich, discharged, from gonophore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D22A7281E2041FF5E3BB40E5FCF66" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98712C281E2041FF5E3BB40E5FCF66" blockId="6.[151,1436,1667,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281E2041FF5E3BB40D44CEFD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1668,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The Latin specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C270AAF281E2041FDF23BB40EFECEFD" box="[619,756,1668,1692]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubusidaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953AD3E281E2041FDF23BB40EFECEFD" box="[619,756,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">rubusidaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the raspberry colour and appearance of the species, and to the common name “raspberry hydroid” frequently given to this conspicuous species (Millen 1985; Harbo 1999, 2011; Austin 2000) by biologists and divers in the vicinity of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549CCF8E281E2041FB983BFC083BCE85" box="[1025,1073,1740,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Broughton Strait, off Vancouver Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33031BC281E2041FEF13BDF0DB5CF66" box="[360,447,1775,1799]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NE Pacific).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |