657 lines
75 KiB
XML
657 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="15490D7B3D1B312367BB5CDAF417E509" ID-CLB-Dataset="22422" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.120" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5fb91ffb-69b9-4e0f-9626-08d75ab0cba8" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3780152" ID-ZooBank="54714320-5726-44CB-8FF5-60E0B984873D" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588343872265" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E." docDate="2015" docId="038E878CFFB8B170FD25FBD0FC1B195A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-120.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 120" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Amblyoponinae Forel 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFB7FFF4FFA8B165FFB0FFEBFF941F34" masterDocTitle="Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698838308357" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8136F18285F54B517ABD8170640C8D5D">Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D51CB062F24B05BDE96D311ED5B9C97">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9DB67A676521676D53FBE2C266C26960">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2712312B5C0D846F1FBF8815A481E2BF">
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<mods:date id="46F2C5C002C6B8D86B53A243F1D8B5E2">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D63F0835E36A9C2448453A16FAE0DC4D">2015-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="29EAD2B634DBDBA5ECD2975D0B0EF4AF">120</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038E878CFFB8B170FD25FBD0FC1B195A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795075" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163879829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3795075" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E878CFFB8B170FD25FBD0FC1B195A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E878CFFB8B170FD25FBD0FC1B195A" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB8B175FD25FBD0FC7F1B61" box="[661,1003,1083,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FD25FBD0FC7F1B61" blockId="16.[661,1003,1083,1144]" box="[661,1003,1083,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0D081F6FFB8B175FD25FBD0FC7F1B61" box="[661,1003,1083,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FD25FBD0FC7F1B61" authority="Forel, 1893" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[661,1003,1083,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB8B175FD25FBD0FCC81B61" bold="true" box="[661,860,1083,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amblyoponinae</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB8B175FCD3FBD0FC7F1B61" author="Forel A." box="[867,1003,1083,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref31192" refString="Forel A. 1893. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 37: 161 - 167." type="journal article" year="1893">Forel, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB8B175FCA3FBB5FCF81B4C" box="[787,876,1118,1144]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FCA3FBB5FCF81B4C" blockId="16.[661,1003,1083,1144]" box="[787,876,1118,1144]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFFB8B175FCA3FBB5FCF81B4C" box="[787,876,1118,1144]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[227,270,1755,1781]" captionTargetBox="[340,1306,302,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1306,302,1722]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Male morphology. A–B, E–G. Head capsule in frontal view. C–D. Mesosoma, lateral view. H–I. Petiole, ventrolateral view. — A. Probolomyrmex indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0080551, A. Nobile). B. Anochetus boltoni (Madagascar, CASENT0063847, A. Nobile). C. Leptanilloides gracilis (Guatemala, CASENT0234561, M. Borowiec). D. Odontomachus simillimus (Seychelles, CASENT0172666, A. Nobile). E. Platythyrea arthuri (Mayotte, CASENT0132466, E. Prado). F. Protanilla indet. (Thailand, CASENT0119776, A. Nobile). G. Stigmatomma indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0007087, E. Prado). H. Nothomyrmecia macrops (Australia, B. Boudinot). I. Neoponera cf. apicalis (Honduras, B. Boudinot). Scale bars: A, F–G= 0.1 mm, B = 0.2 mm, C = 0.25 mm, E, H–I = 0.5 mm, D = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780160/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB8B175FF53FB74FA901B8E" box="[227,1284,1183,1210]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53FB74FA901B8E" blockId="16.[227,1284,1183,1210]" box="[227,1284,1183,1210]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FF53FB74FDFE1B8E" authority="Forel, 1893: 195" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="195" authorityYear="1893" box="[227,618,1183,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">
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Amblyoponinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB8B175FE17FB74FDFE1B8E" author="Forel A." box="[423,618,1183,1210]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref31192" refString="Forel A. 1893. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 37: 161 - 167." type="journal article" year="1893">Forel, 1893: 195</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FC87FB74FC561B8E" ID-CoL="623T5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[823,962,1183,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<typeStatus id="549C8838FFB8B175FC65FB4BFB9B1B8E" box="[981,1039,1184,1210]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FBDAFB4BFB691B8E" ID-CoL="THC" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1842" box="[1130,1277,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB8B175FBDAFB4BFB691B8E" box="[1130,1277,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amblyopone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB8B175FF53FB09FC5D1BCF" box="[227,969,1249,1276]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53FB09FC5D1BCF" blockId="16.[227,969,1249,1276]" box="[227,969,1249,1276]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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For taxonomic synopsis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FD91FB0AFD751BCF" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[545,737,1249,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
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, see AntCat (2014).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFB8B175FF53FAC9FDE91737" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53FAC9FE211A08" blockId="16.[227,437,1314,1340]" box="[227,437,1314,1340]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<heading id="D0D081F6FFB8B175FF53FAC9FE211A08" bold="true" box="[227,437,1314,1340]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB8B175FF53FAC9FE211A08" bold="true" box="[227,437,1314,1340]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synapomorphies</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53FABAFE771ACC" blockId="16.[227,1436,1361,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FEA6FABAFE471A5F" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[278,467,1361,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
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was diagnosed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB8B175FD02FABAFCC31A5F" author="Bolton B." box="[690,855,1361,1387]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref30019" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">
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<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFB8B175FD02FABAFC961A5F" box="[690,770,1361,1387]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bolton</collectingRegion>
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(2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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based primarily on the female castes, while more recently
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFB8B175FEFBFA9FFD321ABA" author="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L." box="[331,678,1396,1422]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="3325" refId="ref33653" refString="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L. 2012 a. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer. PLoS ONE 7: e 3325. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0033325" type="journal article" year="2012">Yoshimura & Fisher (2012a)</bibRefCitation>
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diagnosed the males for the Malagasy region.
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FB56FA9EFAF31ABB" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[1254,1383,1397,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB8B175FB56FA9EFAF31ABB" box="[1254,1383,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apomyrma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FF53FA73FEF31A86" box="[227,359,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB8B175FF53FA73FEF31A86" box="[227,359,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Opamyrma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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violate most of these characters; these violations are noted below. Synapomorphies of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB8B175FF53FA50FE341AE1" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[227,416,1467,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
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from the two aforementioned resources are as follows, with respective pleisiomorphies presented in brackets:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53F9F4FD9E1969" blockId="16.[227,1436,1567,2051]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1. Dentiform clypeal setae present on anterior clypeal margin (all adult castes) (note 1). [Dentiform clypeal setae absent.]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53F98DFD141997" blockId="16.[227,1436,1567,2051]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2. Metapleural gland orifice directed more-or-less posterodorsally (female castes) (note 2). [Metapleural gland orifice directed laterally.]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53F947FDE71839" blockId="16.[227,1436,1567,2051]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3. Helcium supraaxial, thus petiole situated high on abdominal segment III, petiole without distinct posterodorsal face and abdominal tergum III without distinct anterodorsal face (all adult castes) (note 3). [Helcium infraaxial.]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53F8FDFD261867" blockId="16.[227,1436,1567,2051]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4. Petiole very broadly attached to abdominal segment III (all adult castes) (note 4). [Petiole narrowly attached to abdominal segment III.]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53F8B7FB0A1842" blockId="16.[227,1436,1567,2051]" box="[227,1182,1883,1911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5. Helcial sternite very wide (all adult castes) (note 4). [Helcial sternite narrow.]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53F894FDE01889" blockId="16.[227,1436,1567,2051]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6. Abdominal segment IV tergosternal fusion present (all adult castes) (note 5). [Abdominal segment IV tergosternal fusion absent.]</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB8B175FF53F82DFDE91737" blockId="16.[227,1436,1567,2051]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7. Basivolsella with ventroapical process, near bases of cuspis and digitus (male) (note 6). [Apical process of basivolsella absent.]</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF586612FFB9B174FF53F915FABD173B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3780158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780158/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[227,270,1790,1816]" targetBox="[349,1305,302,1757]" targetPageId="17">
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||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB9B174FF53F915FA0818D8" blockId="17.[227,1437,1790,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FF53F915FEA7182C" bold="true" box="[227,307,1790,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
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Male morphology.
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FD91F915FDCE182C" bold="true" box="[545,602,1790,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal sternum IX in ventral view.
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||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FBFDF914FBF5182D" bold="true" box="[1101,1121,1791,1817]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Oblique.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FB51F914FA8C182D" bold="true" box="[1249,1304,1791,1817]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Petiole in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FECEF8C9FE041808" bold="true" box="[382,400,1826,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FD64F8CAFC84180F" bold="true" box="[724,784,1825,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
. Propodeum in lateral view. —
|
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FB25F8CAFB3E180F" bold="true" box="[1173,1194,1825,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FB0BF8C9FAC51808" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" box="[1211,1361,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictogiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FB0BF8C9FAC51808" box="[1211,1361,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aenictogiton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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indet. (Zambia, CASENT0106126, M. Branstetter).
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FD46F8AEFC9E186B" bold="true" box="[758,778,1861,1887]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FCA6F8AEFC36186B" authorityName="F.Smith" authorityYear="1857" box="[790,930,1861,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FCA6F8AEFC36186B" box="[790,930,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cerapachys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“parasyscia” lineage (Kenya, B. Boudinot).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FF53F883FF6C18B6" bold="true" box="[227,248,1896,1922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FEBDF882FDDD18B6" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1912" box="[269,585,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Emeryopone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buttelreepeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FEBDF882FDDD18B6" box="[269,585,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Emeryopone buttelreepeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thailand, CASENT0278779, B. Boudinot).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FB30F883FB0118B6" bold="true" box="[1152,1173,1896,1922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FB1AF882FA0818B6" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1194,1436,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FB1AF882FA0818B6" box="[1194,1436,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paraponera clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?Panama, B. Boudinot).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FDBDF860FDB51891" bold="true" box="[525,545,1931,1957]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FD80F860FC851891" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1975" box="[560,785,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FD80F860FC851891" box="[560,785,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cerapachys lividus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Madagascar, CASENT0138502, D. Raharinjanahary).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FF53F844FF6118FD" bold="true" box="[227,245,1967,1993]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FEB8F845FE3A18FC" authorityName="Wheeler & Wheeler" authorityYear="1930" box="[264,430,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phaulomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FEB8F845FE3A18FC" box="[264,430,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phaulomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Thailand, UCRENT150358, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FBB3F845FB8E18FC" bold="true" box="[1027,1050,1966,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FB9EF845FB5D18FC" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1070,1225,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Thailand, CASENT0156249, B. Boudinot); arrow indicates dorsal margin of petiolar foramen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FB64F839FB7F18D8" bold="true" box="[1236,1259,2002,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFB9B174FB4BF839FA0818D8" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1897" box="[1275,1436,2002,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFB9B174FF53F81EFABD173B" blockId="17.[227,1321,2037,2063]" box="[227,1321,2037,2063]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<pageTitle id="CBB8EEFDFFB9B174FF53F81EFABD173B" box="[227,1321,2037,2063]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFB9B174FF53F81EFEE5173B" box="[227,369,2037,2063]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">dentivagans</emphasis>
|
||
; arrow indicates propodeal lobe. All scale bars = 0.2 mm, except D–E = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</pageTitle>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBAB177FF53F937FCAF1724" blockId="18.[227,1437,1756,2029]" lastBlockId="18.[227,827,2037,2064]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FF53F937FEA019C2" bold="true" box="[227,308,1756,1782]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Male morphology.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FD97F937FD0B19C2" bold="true" box="[551,671,1756,1782]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A–C, F–I</emphasis>
|
||
. Metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FC6DF937FB8019C2" bold="true" box="[989,1044,1756,1782]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Head capsule, frontal view. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FF53F914FF6C182D" bold="true" box="[227,248,1791,1817]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FEBFF8EBFE7E182D" authorityName="Staercke" authorityYear="1927" box="[271,490,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FEBFF8EBFE7E182D" box="[271,490,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Myrmica latifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(U.S.A., CASENT0104816, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FC44F914FB9C182D" bold="true" box="[1012,1032,1791,1817]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FBAEF914FB45182D" box="[1054,1233,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FBAEF914FB45182D" box="[1054,1233,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pseudomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Mexico, CASENT0103327, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FDCFF8C9FD001808" bold="true" box="[639,660,1826,1852]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FD01F8C9FC721808" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1934" box="[689,998,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nothomyrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FD01F8C9FC721808" box="[689,998,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nothomyrmecia macrops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Australia, CASENT0902784, Z. Lieberman); note that abdominal segment III is reduced relative to, but not differentiated from segment IV.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FE34F882FE0D18B7" bold="true" box="[388,409,1897,1923]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FE1FF881FD0018B7" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[431,660,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FE1FF881FD0018B7" box="[431,660,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Myrmecia pilosula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Australia, CASENT0902800, Z. Lieberman).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FB53F882FB6318B7" bold="true" box="[1251,1271,1897,1923]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FABCF881FA0818B7" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1292,1436,1898,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FABCF881FA0818B7" box="[1292,1436,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tetraponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0053316, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FCFCF867FCCA1892" bold="true" box="[844,862,1932,1958]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FCDFF867FBA81892" box="[879,1084,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tatzuidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatusia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FCDFF867FBA81892" box="[879,1084,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tatzuidris tatusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Panama, CASENT0178870, E. Prado).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FED8F844FEEB18FD" bold="true" box="[360,383,1967,1993]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FE21F85BFD0D18FD" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1937" box="[401,665,1967,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volcanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FE21F85BFD0D18FD" box="[401,665,1967,1994]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Acromyrmex volcanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Costa Rica, INBIOCRI001283114, E. Ortega).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FB5BF844FA9618FD" bold="true" box="[1259,1282,1967,1993]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FAA5F844FEA218D8" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Platythyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FAA5F844FEA218D8" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Platythyrea arthuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mayotte, CASENT0132466, E. Prado).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FCAAF838FCB118D9" bold="true" box="[794,805,2003,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBAB177FC83F838FBBF18D8" box="[819,1067,2002,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBAB177FC83F838FBBF18D8" box="[819,1067,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Formica pallidefulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(U.S.A., CASENT0172882, A Nobile). Scale bars: A–F =
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B7FFFBAB177FD94F81EFD151724" box="[548,641,2037,2064]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, G–I = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBAB177FA28F838FA0818D9" blockId="18.[227,1437,1756,2029]" box="[1432,1436,2003,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF586612FFBBB176FF53F930FE75173B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3780160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780160/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[227,270,1755,1781]" targetBox="[340,1306,302,1722]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBBB176FF53F930FA0918D8" blockId="19.[227,1437,1755,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FF53F930FEBB19C1" bold="true" box="[227,303,1755,1781]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male morphology.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FDA4F930FD0719C1" bold="true" box="[532,659,1755,1781]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A–B, E–G</emphasis>
|
||
. Head capsule in frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FC4BF930FBA019C1" bold="true" box="[1019,1076,1755,1781]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesosoma, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FAD4F930FA0119C1" bold="true" box="[1380,1429,1755,1781]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H–I</emphasis>
|
||
. Petiole, ventrolateral view. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FDFFF915FDF0182C" bold="true" box="[591,612,1790,1816]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FDC4F915FCA6182C" box="[628,818,1790,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FDC4F915FCA6182C" box="[628,818,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Probolomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0080551, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FF53F8C9FF631808" bold="true" box="[227,247,1826,1852]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FEA1F8CAFE60180F" authorityName="Fisher in Fisher in Fisher & Smith" authorityYear="2008" box="[273,500,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boltoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FEA1F8CAFE60180F" box="[273,500,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anochetus boltoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Madagascar, CASENT0063847, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FBE4F8CAFBFD180F" bold="true" box="[1108,1129,1825,1851]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FB34F8CAFA09180F" authorityName="Borowiec & Longino" authorityYear="2011" box="[1156,1437,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FB34F8CAFA09180F" box="[1156,1437,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leptanilloides gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Guatemala, CASENT0234561, M. Borowiec).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FCDDF8AEFC16186B" bold="true" box="[877,898,1861,1887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FC16F8AEFB64186B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[934,1264,1861,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FC16F8AEFB64186B" box="[934,1264,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Odontomachus simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Seychelles, CASENT0172666, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FDC6F883FD1E18B6" bold="true" box="[630,650,1896,1922]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FD12F883FC0518B6" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1910" box="[674,913,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Platythyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FD12F883FC0518B6" box="[674,913,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Platythyrea arthuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mayotte, CASENT0132466, E. Prado).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FF53F860FF611891" bold="true" box="[227,245,1931,1957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FEB7F860FE141891" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler & Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[263,384,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FEB7F860FE141891" box="[263,384,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Thailand, CASENT0119776, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FC6AF860FC651891" bold="true" box="[986,1009,1931,1957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FBB2F867FB311892" box="[1026,1189,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FBB2F867FB311892" box="[1026,1189,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stigmatomma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0007087, E. Prado).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FDE0F845FDF318FC" bold="true" box="[592,615,1966,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FDC7F845FC0B18FC" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1934" box="[631,927,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nothomyrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FDC7F845FC0B18FC" box="[631,927,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nothomyrmecia macrops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Australia, B. Boudinot).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FB68F845FB7718FC" bold="true" box="[1240,1251,1966,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBBB176FB43F844FED418DF" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FB43F844FAE118FC" box="[1267,1397,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neoponera</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBBB176FF53F83AFED418DF" box="[227,320,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Honduras, B. Boudinot). Scale bars: A, F–G= 0.1 mm, B = 0.2 mm, C = 0.25 mm, E, H–I =
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBBB176FF53F81FFE75173B" blockId="19.[227,481,2036,2063]" box="[227,481,2036,2063]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<pageTitle id="CBB8EEFDFFBBB176FF53F81FFE75173B" box="[227,481,2036,2063]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">0.5 mm, D = 1.0 mm.</pageTitle>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF586612FFBCB171FF53F8AFFB77173B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3780162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780162/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[227,270,1860,1886]" targetBox="[319,1356,302,1826]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBCB171FF53F8AFFA0818DF" blockId="20.[227,1436,1860,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FF53F8AFFEE7186A" bold="true" box="[227,371,1860,1887]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7. A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FDB6F8AFFD8F186A" bold="true" box="[518,539,1860,1886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view, gyne.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FCAFF8AEFCA7186B" bold="true" box="[799,819,1861,1887]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view, male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FB9FF8AFFBFC186A" bold="true" box="[1071,1128,1860,1886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesosoma, lateral view, male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FE9EF883FEF618B6" bold="true" box="[302,354,1896,1922]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Paramere, lateral view, male. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FCB4F88CFC8D18B5" bold="true" box="[772,793,1895,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBCB171FC9BF883FC6E18B5" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[811,1018,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aneuretus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FC9BF883FC6E18B5" box="[811,1018,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Aneuretus simoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sri Lanka, CASENT0172259, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FEFCF860FEF41891" bold="true" box="[332,352,1931,1957]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBCB171FEDFF860FDCD1891" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[367,601,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vividula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FEDFF860FDCD1891" box="[367,601,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nylanderia vividula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(U.S.A., CASENT0058918, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FBF0F860FBC11891" bold="true" box="[1088,1109,1931,1957]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBCB171FBD5F860FAA01891" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[1125,1332,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FBD5F860FAA01891" box="[1125,1332,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apomyrma stygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Central African Republic, CASENT0086073, E. Prado).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FCACF845FCA518FC" bold="true" box="[796,817,1966,1992]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBCB171FC8EF845FB8618FC" authorityName="Fisher in Fisher in Fisher & Smith" authorityYear="2008" box="[830,1042,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boltoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FC8EF845FB8618FC" box="[830,1042,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anochetus boltoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Madagascar, CASENT0063847, A. Nobile).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FEC1F83AFE1118DF" bold="true" box="[369,389,2001,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBCB171FE24F83AFD0518DF" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[404,657,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FE24F83AFD0518DF" box="[404,657,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dolichoderus validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Costa Rica, INB0003662427, B. Boudinot).
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBCB171FB01F83AFB5718DF" bold="true" box="[1201,1219,2001,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBCB171FB62F839FA0818DF" authorityName="Francoeur" authorityYear="1973" box="[1234,1436,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">Formica pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBCB171FF53F81EFB77173B" blockId="20.[227,1251,2036,2063]" box="[227,1251,2036,2063]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330760AFFBCB171FF5DF81EFEAB173B" box="[237,319,2037,2063]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
, JTLC000006350, B. Boudinot). Scale bars: A–C, E–F =
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B7FFFBCB171FC55F81FFBD6173B" box="[997,1090,2036,2063]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, D = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FFBDB170FF53FEDAFC1B195A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FEDAFDB71E7E" blockId="21.[227,547,304,331]" box="[227,547,304,331]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<heading id="D0D081F6FFBDB170FF53FEDAFDB71E7E" bold="true" box="[227,547,304,331]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FF53FEDAFDB71E7E" bold="true" box="[227,547,304,331]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Notes on synapomorphies</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FEB4FBB11D33" blockId="21.[227,1437,351,871]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
1. Generally present in males, although these setae may be difficult to ascertain or absent in very small species.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFBDB170FEC7FE68FE371EA9" box="[375,419,387,413]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
present in any other extant ant taxon, although present in most †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FB75FE69FA0D1EA8" authorityName="Wilson & Brown" authorityYear="1967" box="[1221,1433,386,412]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sphecomyrminae">Sphecomyrminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FEA0FE4DFE051EF4" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[272,401,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FEA0FE4DFE051EF4" box="[272,401,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE7FFE4DFDC71EF4" box="[463,595,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FE7FFE4DFDC71EF4" box="[463,595,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FD49FE4DFCEE1EF4" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[761,890,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FD49FE4DFCEE1EF4" box="[761,890,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males lack dentiform clypeal setae (the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE82FE22FE221ED7" box="[306,438,457,483]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FE82FE22FE221ED7" box="[306,438,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown); rather, the workers have dentiform setae on the labrum. The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FEA0FE07FE051D32" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[272,401,492,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FEA0FE07FE051D32" box="[272,401,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a very reduced labrum which lacks dentiform setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FDE4FB911D78" blockId="21.[227,1437,351,871]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
2. Males with or, more often, without metapleural gland orifice. The metapleural gland of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FAABFDFBFA081D1E" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[1307,1436,528,554]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FAABFDFBFA081D1E" box="[1307,1436,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not evaluated in this study due to insufficient magnification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FDBDFEE31D82" blockId="21.[227,1437,351,871]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
3. This corresponds to the third, fifth, and sixth amblyoponine synapomorphies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FB5BFDBDFA0D1D44" author="Bolton B." box="[1259,1433,598,624]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref30019" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFBDB170FB5BFDBDFAAF1D44" box="[1259,1339,598,624]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FEA0FD92FE051DA7" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[272,401,633,659]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FEA0FD92FE051DA7" box="[272,401,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers and males have infraaxial helcia, while the worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FB33FD92FA931DA7" box="[1155,1287,633,659]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FB33FD92FA931DA7" box="[1155,1287,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an axial helcium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FD54FA091DC9" blockId="21.[227,1437,351,871]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
4. Petiole very narrowly attached in worker
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FD4AFD2BFCEF1DEE" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[762,891,704,730]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FD4AFD2BFCEF1DEE" box="[762,891,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FC05FD2BFBAD1DEE" box="[949,1081,704,730]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FC05FD2BFBAD1DEE" box="[949,1081,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The petiolar conformation of the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE27FD08FD8C1DC9" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[407,536,739,765]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FE27FD08FD8C1DC9" box="[407,536,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though broad, still differs from that observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FBFCFD09FA9D1DC8" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[1100,1289,738,764]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see note 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FCEEFAAA1C14" blockId="21.[227,1437,351,871]" box="[227,1342,773,800]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
5. Reversed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE13FCEDFDAD1C14" baseAuthorityName="Yoshimura & Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[419,569,774,800]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adetomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FE13FCEDFDAD1C14" box="[419,569,774,800]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adetomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female castes and variable in males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FC5EFCEDFAA61C14" author="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L." box="[1006,1330,774,800]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="3325" refId="ref33653" refString="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L. 2012 a. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer. PLoS ONE 7: e 3325. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0033325" type="journal article" year="2012">Yoshimura & Fisher 2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FCC2FB3E1C53" blockId="21.[227,1437,351,871]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
6. Character from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FE61FCC2FCB91C77" author="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L." box="[465,813,809,835]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="3325" refId="ref33653" refString="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L. 2012 a. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer. PLoS ONE 7: e 3325. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0033325" type="journal article" year="2012">Yoshimura & Fisher (2012a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and confirmed here via dissection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FAB2FCC2FA011C77" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1842" box="[1282,1429,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FAB2FCC2FA011C77" box="[1282,1429,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amblyopone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FEA0FCA6FE0E1C52" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[272,410,845,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopopone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FEA0FCA6FE0E1C52" box="[272,410,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myopopone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE19FCA7FDF51C52" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[425,609,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Onychomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FE19FCA7FDF51C52" box="[425,609,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Onychomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FDC0FCA7FCA01C52" authorityName="Kusnezov" authorityYear="1955" box="[624,820,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paraprionopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FDC0FCA7FCA01C52" box="[624,820,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraprionopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FBB2FCA7FB371C52" box="[1026,1187,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FBB2FCA7FB371C52" box="[1026,1187,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stigmatomma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FC66FEFE1C93" blockId="21.[227,362,909,935]" box="[227,362,909,935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<heading id="D0D081F6FFBDB170FF53FC66FEFE1C93" bold="true" box="[227,362,909,935]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FF53FC66FEFE1C93" bold="true" box="[227,362,909,935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FC57FE251BB2" blockId="21.[227,1437,956,1158]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The supraaxial helcium serves to distinguish both female and male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FC6BFC57FB0F1CE2" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[987,1179,956,982]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FAACFC57FA091CE2" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[1308,1437,956,982]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FAACFC57FA091CE2" box="[1308,1437,956,982]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FEA7FC0BFE0F1CCE" box="[279,411,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FEA7FC0BFE0F1CCE" box="[279,411,992,1018]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the majority of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FD6DFC34FCF31CCD" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[733,871,991,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides occurrence in the amblyoponines, the supraaxial state of the helcium is only developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FCFAFBE9FB1A1B29" authority="(Dorylinae)" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Dorylinae" box="[842,1166,1026,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FCFAFBE9FC691B28" box="[842,1021,1026,1052]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acanthostichus</emphasis>
|
||
(Dorylinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FAB9FBE8FE001B74" authority="(Proceratiinae)" baseAuthorityName="Proceratiinae" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FAB9FBE8FA081B28" box="[1289,1436,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Proceratium</emphasis>
|
||
(Proceratiinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and weakly in the workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FC82FBCDFBDD1B74" authority="(Martialinae)" baseAuthorityName="Martialinae" box="[818,1097,1061,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FC82FBCDFC0B1B74" box="[818,927,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Martialis</emphasis>
|
||
(Martialinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FA83FBCDFE641B50" authority="(Agroecomyrmecinae)" authorityName="Brown & Kempf" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Agroecomyrmecinae" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tatuidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FA83FBCDFA081B74" box="[1331,1436,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tatuidris</emphasis>
|
||
(Agroecomyrmecinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males of three amblyoponine genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FC0FFBA1FBD11B57" authorityName="Xu" authorityYear="2000" box="[959,1093,1098,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bannapone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FC0FFBA1FBD11B57" box="[959,1093,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bannapone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FBE4FBA2FB591B57" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1974" box="[1108,1229,1097,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Concoctio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FBE4FBA2FB591B57" box="[1108,1229,1097,1123]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Concoctio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FABEFBA2FA061B57" box="[1294,1426,1097,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FABEFBA2FA061B57" box="[1294,1426,1097,1123]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) remain unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98369AFFBDB170FF53FB46FC1B195A" blockId="21.[227,1437,1197,1646]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FEA7FB46FE401BF3" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[279,468,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only recently split from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FCEAFB46FC5B1BF3" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[858,975,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FC67FB45FBDA1BF3" box="[983,1102,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FBEEFB46FB671BFC" author="Bolton B." box="[1118,1267,1197,1224]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref30019" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFBDB170FBEEFB46FB241BF3" box="[1118,1200,1197,1223]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and has been recovered in all molecular phylogenies as poneroids, with uncertain relationship to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FB61FB3AFAF81BDF" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[1233,1388,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Proceratiinae">Proceratiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the remainder of the group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FD9DFB1FFD6B1A3A" author="Brady S. G. & Schultz T. R. & Fisher B. L. & Ward P. S." box="[557,767,1268,1294]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="18172 - 18177" refId="ref30264" refString="Brady S. G., Schultz T. R., Fisher B. L. & Ward P. S. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 18172 - 18177. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0605858103" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Brady
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FDCEFB1EFD261A3A" box="[638,690,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Moreau & Bell 2013;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FBA0FB1FFB021A3A" author="Ward P. S." box="[1040,1174,1268,1294]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32956" refString="Ward P. S. 2014. The phylogeny and evolution of ants. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 45: 2.1 - 2.21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev-ecolsys- 120213 - 091824" type="journal volume" year="2014">Ward 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two main clades are recovered in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE1AFAFCFDFE1A05" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[426,618,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, termed the XMAS (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FCD4FAF3FC521A05" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1914" box="[868,966,1304,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Xymmer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FCD4FAF3FC521A05" box="[868,966,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Xymmer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FC66FAF3FBAF1A05" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[982,1083,1304,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FC66FAF3FBAF1A05" box="[982,1083,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FBFBFAFCFB751A05" baseAuthorityName="Yoshimura & Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1099,1249,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adetomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FBFBFAFCFB751A05" box="[1099,1249,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adetomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FB41FAFCFA061A05" box="[1265,1426,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FB41FAFCFA061A05" box="[1265,1426,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stigmatomma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and OCP (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FEEDFAD1FD811A60" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[349,533,1338,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Onychomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FEEDFAD1FD811A60" box="[349,533,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Onychomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FD94FAD0FD091A61" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1974" box="[548,669,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Concoctio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FD94FAD0FD091A61" box="[548,669,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Concoctio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FD1AFAD1FCA21A60" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1866" box="[682,822,1338,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prionopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FD1AFAD1FCA21A60" box="[682,822,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Prionopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clades (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FC2FFAD1FB771A60" author="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L." box="[927,1251,1338,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="3325" refId="ref33653" refString="Yoshimura M. & Fisher B. L. 2012 a. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer. PLoS ONE 7: e 3325. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0033325" type="journal article" year="2012">Yoshimura & Fisher 2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FB46FAD0FAE31A61" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[1270,1399,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FB46FAD0FAE31A61" box="[1270,1399,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in its original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FE4EFAB5FD4F1A4C" author="Brown W. L. Jr. & Gotwald W. H. Jr. & Levieux J." box="[510,731,1373,1400]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref30553" refString="Brown W. L. Jr., Gotwald W. H. Jr. & Levieux J. 1971 [1970]. A new genus of ponerine ants from West Africa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with ecological notes. Psyche 77: 259 - 275." type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FDE9FAB5FD011A43" box="[601,661,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), was proposed to be closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FB6FFAB6FA081A43" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[1247,1436,1373,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE96FA6AFE421AA8" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[294,470,1409,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Amblyoponini">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a contention supported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FC94FA6AFBFD1AAF" author="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler J." box="[804,1129,1408,1435]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="255 - 264" refId="ref33269" refString="Wheeler G. C. & Wheeler J. 1985. A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 111: 255 - 264." type="journal article" year="1985">Wheeler & Wheeler (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FB13FA6AFEA11A8A" author="Holldobler B. & Wilson E. O." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref31447" refString="Holldobler B. & Wilson E. O. 1990. The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1990">Hölldobler & Wilson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Other authors demurred, placing the genus in its own tribe (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FC5FFA4FFB1E1A8B" authorityName="Dlussky & Fedoseeva" authorityYear="1988" box="[1007,1162,1444,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apomyrmini">Apomyrmini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FB6FFA4FFAC01A8A" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[1247,1364,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FAEBFA4EFE851AD5" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FE91FA2CFDF01AD5" author="Dlussky G. M. & Fedoseeva E. B." box="[289,612,1479,1505]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref30962" refString="Dlussky G. M. & Fedoseeva E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. [In Russian] In: Ponomarenko A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution: 70 - 144. Nauka, Moskva." type="book chapter" year="1988">Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FD5CFA2CFC131AD5" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[748,903,1479,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FC26FA2CFBAF1AD5" author="Bolton B." box="[918,1083,1479,1505]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="267 - 282" refId="ref29903" refString="Bolton B. 1990 b. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 15: 267 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00063. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFBDB170FC26FA2CFC7C1AD5" box="[918,1000,1479,1505]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
1990b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FBF6FA2CFB491AD5" author="Kugler C." box="[1094,1245,1479,1505]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="103 - 115" refId="ref31785" refString="Kugler C. 1992. Stings of ants of the Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche 99: 103 - 115." type="journal article" year="1992">Kugler 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and eventually in its own subfamily,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FE50FA01FD1D1930" box="[480,649,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apomyrminae">Apomyrminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FD29FA01FC581930" author="Baroni Urbani C. & Bolton B. & Ward P. S." box="[665,972,1514,1540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="301 - 329" refId="ref29625" refString="Baroni Urbani C., Bolton B. & Ward P. S. 1992. The internal phylogeny of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 17: 301 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1992. tb 00553. x" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Baroni Urbani
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FCFBFA00FC121930" box="[843,902,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FC68FA01FBF91930" author="Bolton B." box="[984,1133,1514,1540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref29998" refString="Bolton B. 1994. Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1994">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3F878FFBDB170FC68FA01FBBC1930" box="[984,1064,1514,1540]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FBC9FA01FB2D1930" author="Bolton B." box="[1145,1209,1514,1540]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref30019" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FABFFA00FA041931" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[1295,1424,1515,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FABFFA00FA041931" box="[1295,1424,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” sequences used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FE71F9E5FD04191C" author="Saux C. & Fisher B. L. & Spicer G. S." box="[449,656,1549,1576]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="457 - 468" refId="ref32540" refString="Saux C., Fisher B. L. & Spicer G. S. 2004. Dracula ant phylogeny as inferred by nuclear 28 S rDNA sequences and implications for ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33: 457 - 468. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.017" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Saux
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FDB2F9E5FDA81913" box="[514,572,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were contaminated (P.S. Ward, pers. comm.), but fortuitously their transfer of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FED6F9DAFE73197F" authorityName="Brown, Gotwald Jr. & Levieux" authorityYear="1971" box="[358,487,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FED6F9DAFE73197F" box="[358,487,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FFBDB170FD89F9DAFD62197F" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[569,758,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was supported by subsequent studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFFBDB170FB73F9DAFA03197E" author="Brady S. G. & Schultz T. R. & Fisher B. L. & Ward P. S." box="[1219,1431,1584,1611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="18172 - 18177" refId="ref30264" refString="Brady S. G., Schultz T. R., Fisher B. L. & Ward P. S. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 18172 - 18177. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0605858103" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Brady
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EA88FFBDB170FAA5F9DAFAC5197F" box="[1301,1361,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Moreau & Bell 2013). This classification is followed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |