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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef558f00-24a4-4671-bf56-df3c1d61ecd1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7875089" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682061103176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jovanovska, Elena, Wilson, Mallory C., Hamilton, Paul B. &amp; Stone, Jeffery" docDate="2023" docId="038487E2FFEF2673BCF1FF0ABC6A7584" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.593.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 593 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.2:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Diploneis duplex Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFBDFF9AFFDE2642BC79FF97B8647004" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1683016984500" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title>Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jovanovska, Elena</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-3413-3683</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; jovanovska. eci @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3413 - 3683</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Mallory C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2852-125X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA &amp; mwilson 108 @ sycamores. indstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2852 - 125 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mwilson108@sycamores.indstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Hamilton, Paul B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6938-6341</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Phycology Section, Research and Collections Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada &amp; phamilton @ nature. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6938 - 6341</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">phamilton@nature.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Stone, Jeffery</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1313-0643</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA &amp; Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; jeffery. stone @ indstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1313 - 0643 * Corresponding author &amp; Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jeffery.stone@indstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number>593</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7875163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487E2FFEF2673BCF1FF0ABC6A7584" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487E2FFEF2673BCF1FF0ABC6A7584" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,883,157,185]" box="[136,883,157,185]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading box="[136,883,157,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="5">
<emphasis box="[136,423,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,332,157,184]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="duplex" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,332,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diploneis duplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[338,423,159,184]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(LM
<figureCitation box="[488,644,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 258287" captionStartId="50.[136,243,1368,1390]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[150,1434,193,1344]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 258287. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 258, 259, 263266, 269, 270, 273, 284. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 260, 261, 271, 272, 274281, 285287. Specimens from Mahale National Park. 262, 282, 283. Specimens from Isanga Bay. 267, 268. Specimens from Ndole Bay. Fig. 269. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875195/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 258287</figureCitation>
, SEM
<figureCitation box="[720,874,158,184]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 288293" captionStart-1="FIGURES 294298" captionStartId-0="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionStartId-1="52.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1396,193,1894]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@52.[190,1397,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="51" captionTargetPageId-1="52" captionText-0="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." captionText-1="FIGURES 294298. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM internal valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 294, 295, 296, 298. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 297. Specimen from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 294. Valve view and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. 295. Detail mid-valve, showing simple and slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. 296. Detail alveoli openings occluded by thin layers; white arrowed destroyed thin layer showing the biseriate striae. 297. View of a broken valve. 298. Distal raphe ends slightly elevated and distant from the valve apices. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 294), 5 μm (Figs 295, 297, 298), 2 μm (Fig. 296)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875203" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7875203/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 288298</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Valves are weakly asymmetric, elliptical-lanceolate with convex margins and round apices (
<figureCitation box="[1203,1367,230,257]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 258287" captionStart-1="FIGURES 288293" captionStartId-0="50.[136,243,1368,1390]" captionStartId-1="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1433,194,1342]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@50.[150,1434,193,1344]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="51" captionText-0="FIGURES 258287. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 258, 259, 263266, 269, 270, 273, 284. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 260, 261, 271, 272, 274281, 285287. Specimens from Mahale National Park. 262, 282, 283. Specimens from Isanga Bay. 267, 268. Specimens from Ndole Bay. Fig. 269. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875195" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7875195/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 258288</figureCitation>
). Valve length is 1527 μm and width is 8.511.5 μm. The axial area is narrow, linear to lanceolate, slightly widening into a longitudinally elongate and weakly asymmetric central area (
<figureCitation box="[834,938,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 258287" captionStartId="50.[136,243,1368,1390]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[150,1434,193,1344]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 258287. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 258, 259, 263266, 269, 270, 273, 284. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 260, 261, 271, 272, 274281, 285287. Specimens from Mahale National Park. 262, 282, 283. Specimens from Isanga Bay. 267, 268. Specimens from Ndole Bay. Fig. 269. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875195/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 263</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[951,1055,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 288293" captionStartId="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">288, 289</figureCitation>
), 1.32.7 μm wide. Externally, the canal is linear to lanceolate, slightly expanded in the middle of the valve with two rows of cribrate (610 poroids) areolae narrowing into one at the valve apices (
<figureCitation box="[661,762,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 258287" captionStartId="50.[136,243,1368,1390]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[150,1434,193,1344]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 258287. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 258, 259, 263266, 269, 270, 273, 284. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 260, 261, 271, 272, 274281, 285287. Specimens from Mahale National Park. 262, 282, 283. Specimens from Isanga Bay. 267, 268. Specimens from Ndole Bay. Fig. 269. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875195/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 263</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[772,874,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 288293" captionStartId="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">288, 293</figureCitation>
). Internally, a thick non-porous slightly raised silica plate encloses the longitudinal canal (
<figureCitation box="[560,720,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 294298" captionStartId="52.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-23@52.[190,1397,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 294298. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM internal valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 294, 295, 296, 298. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 297. Specimen from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 294. Valve view and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. 295. Detail mid-valve, showing simple and slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. 296. Detail alveoli openings occluded by thin layers; white arrowed destroyed thin layer showing the biseriate striae. 297. View of a broken valve. 298. Distal raphe ends slightly elevated and distant from the valve apices. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 294), 5 μm (Figs 295, 297, 298), 2 μm (Fig. 296)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875203/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 294, 297</figureCitation>
). Externally, the raphe is filiform, curved with strongly deflected and expanded proximal ends. The proximal raphe ends are in linear expanded teardrop depressions (
<figureCitation box="[1277,1439,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 288293" captionStartId="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 288, 289</figureCitation>
). The distal raphe ends are unilaterally bent to the same side and terminate on the upper mantle (
<figureCitation box="[1220,1439,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURES 288293" captionStartId="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 288, 290, 291</figureCitation>
). Internally, the raphe is curved with simple proximal and distal ends that are slightly elevated in a depression formed by the longitudinal canal (
<figureCitation box="[443,668,554,581]" captionStart="FIGURES 294298" captionStartId="52.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-23@52.[190,1397,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 294298. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM internal valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 294, 295, 296, 298. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 297. Specimen from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 294. Valve view and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. 295. Detail mid-valve, showing simple and slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. 296. Detail alveoli openings occluded by thin layers; white arrowed destroyed thin layer showing the biseriate striae. 297. View of a broken valve. 298. Distal raphe ends slightly elevated and distant from the valve apices. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 294), 5 μm (Figs 295, 297, 298), 2 μm (Fig. 296)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875203/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 294, 295, 298</figureCitation>
). The striae are parallel at mid-valve becoming radiate towards the apices, 1013(14) in 10 μm. Striae are biseriate throughout (white arrow in
<figureCitation box="[996,1097,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 288293" captionStartId="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 292</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1109,1155,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 294298" captionStartId="52.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-23@52.[190,1397,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 294298. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM internal valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 294, 295, 296, 298. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 297. Specimen from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 294. Valve view and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. 295. Detail mid-valve, showing simple and slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. 296. Detail alveoli openings occluded by thin layers; white arrowed destroyed thin layer showing the biseriate striae. 297. View of a broken valve. 298. Distal raphe ends slightly elevated and distant from the valve apices. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 294), 5 μm (Figs 295, 297, 298), 2 μm (Fig. 296)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875203/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">296</figureCitation>
). The striae are composed of round areolae covered externally with cribra (&gt;15 poroids),
<quantity box="[855,914,626,652]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
10 μm. The inter-areolar thickenings have fin-like silica ridges serrated with ca. 510 notched edges. The areolae increase in size towards the valve margins (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 288293" captionStartId="51.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[193,1395,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 288293. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM external valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 288, 291, 293. Specimens from Kiganza Bay. 289, 290. Specimen from Chituta Bay. 292. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 288, 293. View of a whole valve, showing canal structure, striae structure (white arrow), and inter-areolar fin-like shaped ornamentations. 289. Central area showing extended teardrop shaped depression with proximal raphe ends. 290, 291. Distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures. 292. White arrowed the biseriate striae in a broken specimen. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 288, 293), 2 μm (Figs 289292)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875199/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 291</figureCitation>
). Internally, the alveoli open via a single elongated opening covered with a thin silica layer (
<figureCitation box="[1228,1388,698,725]" captionStart="FIGURES 294298" captionStartId="52.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-23@52.[190,1397,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 294298. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM internal valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 294, 295, 296, 298. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 297. Specimen from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 294. Valve view and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. 295. Detail mid-valve, showing simple and slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. 296. Detail alveoli openings occluded by thin layers; white arrowed destroyed thin layer showing the biseriate striae. 297. View of a broken valve. 298. Distal raphe ends slightly elevated and distant from the valve apices. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 294), 5 μm (Figs 295, 297, 298), 2 μm (Fig. 296)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875203/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 295, 298</figureCitation>
). The valvocopula has serrated advalvar edges (
<figureCitation box="[602,761,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURES 294298" captionStartId="52.[136,243,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,193,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-23@52.[190,1397,191,1895]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 294298. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., SEM internal valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 294, 295, 296, 298. Specimen from Isanga Bay. 297. Specimen from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 294. Valve view and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. 295. Detail mid-valve, showing simple and slightly elevated proximal raphe ends. 296. Detail alveoli openings occluded by thin layers; white arrowed destroyed thin layer showing the biseriate striae. 297. View of a broken valve. 298. Distal raphe ends slightly elevated and distant from the valve apices. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 294), 5 μm (Figs 295, 297, 298), 2 μm (Fig. 296)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875203/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 294, 298</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,286,770,796]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-09-01" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="H. Buscher" country="Zambia" county="Kalambo Falls" elevation="770" latitude="-8.623778" location="Lake Tanganyika" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.199915" municipality="Kalambo Falls Lodge" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="BM-108987" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry box="[285,581,770,796]" name="Zambia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487E2FFEF2673BCF1FF0ABC6A7584:8EF2602FFFEF2673BE36FC95BB757318" box="[591,785,770,796]" country="Zambia" county="Kalambo Falls" latitude="-8.623778" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.199915" municipality="Kalambo Falls Lodge" name="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lake Tanganyika</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[795,1038,770,796]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<collectingCounty box="[795,958,770,796]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Kalambo Falls</collectingCounty>
Lodge
</collectingMunicipality>
, at
<quantity box="[1074,1144,770,796]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="770.0">
<elevation box="[1074,1144,770,796]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation; mud,
<quantity box="[1328,1384,770,796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation box="[1328,1384,770,796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
water depth, collected
<collectionCode box="[324,416,806,832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">SCUBA</collectionCode>
diving,
<geoCoordinate box="[512,660,806,833]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="25.6" value="-8.623778">8°3725.6” S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[668,833,806,833]" degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="59.7" value="31.199915">31°1159.7” E</geoCoordinate>
,
<emphasis box="[847,975,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<collectorName box="[847,975,806,832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">H. Büscher</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[990,1207,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<date box="[990,1207,806,832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2018-09-01">
<collectingDate box="[990,1207,806,832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2018-09-01">
1
<superScript attach="left" box="[1004,1015,806,820]" fontSize="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">st</superScript>
September 2018
</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus box="[1223,1323,806,832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">holotype</typeStatus>
designated here, circled specimen BM-108987! =
<figureCitation box="[574,671,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURES 258287" captionStartId="50.[136,243,1368,1390]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[150,1434,193,1344]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 258287. Diploneis duplex sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 258, 259, 263266, 269, 270, 273, 284. Specimens from Kalambo Falls Lodge. 260, 261, 271, 272, 274281, 285287. Specimens from Mahale National Park. 262, 282, 283. Specimens from Isanga Bay. 267, 268. Specimens from Ndole Bay. Fig. 269. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875195/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 269</figureCitation>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-09-01" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="H. Buscher" country="Zambia" county="Kalambo Falls" elevation="770" latitude="-8.623778" location="Lake Tanganyika" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.199915" municipality="Kalambo Falls Lodge" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="ANSP-GC17216" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
isotypes
<specimenCode box="[781,979,842,868]" collectionCode="ANSP-GC" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ANSP-GC17216</specimenCode>
!, CANA-129337!). Type material CANA-129315. Registration: http://phycobank.org/103706
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" box="[189,1208,913,940]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,615,913,940]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pictures of the isolated specimen:—</emphasis>
LM micrograph on 1000× magnification (
<figureCitation box="[1085,1166,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURES 211" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,194,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[201,1383,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 211. Diploneis salzburgeri sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 2, 3, 5, 6, 9. Specimens from southern parts of Lake Tanganyika, Kalambo Falls Lodge. 4. Specimen from Kalya Bay. 7. Specimen from Ndole Bay. 8. Specimen from Jakobsen Beach, near Kigoma. 10, 11. Specimens from Buhingu Island. Fig. 7. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875095/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
aa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" box="[189,1097,949,976]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,399,949,976]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sequence data:—</emphasis>
Plastid gene
<emphasis box="[542,579,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rbc</emphasis>
L sequence (GenBank accession:
<collectionCode box="[956,998,950,976]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OQ</collectionCode>
660302).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[189,1309,986,1012]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" box="[189,1309,986,1012]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,356,986,1012]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<emphasis box="[599,683,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">duplex</emphasis>
refers to the extended biseriates formation of the striae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,525,1021,1048]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ecology and distribution:—</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[525,811,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[525,717,1022,1048]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="duplex" status="sp. nov.">Diploneis duplex</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[725,811,1023,1048]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has only been observed in the southern and central sub-basins of Lake Tanganyika in
<collectingCountry box="[471,572,1058,1084]" name="Tanzania" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[625,711,1058,1084]" name="Zambia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Zambia</collectingCountry>
(including
<collectingCountry box="[840,935,1058,1084]" name="Burundi" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, see
<bibRefCitation author="Cocquyt, C." box="[988,1149,1058,1084]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="7 - 275" refId="ref37675" refString="Cocquyt, C. (1998) Diatoms from the northern basin from Lake Tanaganyika. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 39: 7 - 275. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova. hedwigia / 68 / 1999 / 425" type="journal article" year="1998">Cocquyt 1998</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 14: 5). In the alkaline, moderately mineral-rich and highly transparent waters, this rather small and common species lives on sand and sandfish nests (rarely on mud) or on submerged rocks between 15 and
<quantity box="[847,906,1130,1156]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</quantity>
water depth. Well-established populations were found at Kalambo Falls Lodge and Mahale National Park, with some smaller populations in Isanga Bay and Chituta Bay (
<figureCitation box="[197,278,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1594,1616]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,879,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-263@3.[151,1436,844,1567]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maps ofAfrica with major drainage systems. a) Map of Africa indicating the general location of the East African Rift (framed in bold grey lines). b) Map of East African Rift with sample (purple circles) and type (green circles) localities for all twenty-five new Diploneis species. c) Bathymetric map of the three sub-basins of Lake Tanganyika with close-up of sampling sites in the lake. d) Key sampling sites in the northern Kigoma sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. e) Key sampling sites in the central Kundwe sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. f) Key sampling sites in the southern Kipili sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. Location details for each species are given in the descriptions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875093/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[291,306,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURES 211" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,194,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[201,1383,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 211. Diploneis salzburgeri sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 2, 3, 5, 6, 9. Specimens from southern parts of Lake Tanganyika, Kalambo Falls Lodge. 4. Specimen from Kalya Bay. 7. Specimen from Ndole Bay. 8. Specimen from Jakobsen Beach, near Kigoma. 10, 11. Specimens from Buhingu Island. Fig. 7. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875095/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">3</figureCitation>
, f). The species typically occurs together with
<emphasis box="[836,1031,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[836,938,1203,1228]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="major" status="sp. nov.">D. major</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[945,1031,1203,1228]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[1045,1207,1202,1228]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="salzburgeri" status="sp. nov.">D. salzburgeri</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1214,1302,1203,1228]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[1314,1452,1202,1228]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="serrulata" status="sp. nov.">D. serrulata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[136,221,1239,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[234,458,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[234,367,1239,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea" status="sp. nov.">D. gigantea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[374,458,1239,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[472,655,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[472,564,1238,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fossa" status="sp. nov.">D. fossa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[571,655,1239,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[669,898,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[669,806,1238,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="disjuncta" status="sp. nov.">D. disjuncta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[813,898,1239,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis box="[958,1210,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[958,1119,1238,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="kilhamiana" status="sp. nov.">D. kilhamiana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1126,1210,1239,1264]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,568,1273,1300]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Main differential characters:—</emphasis>
Valve size, striae pattern, narrow canals, and external fin-like ornamentations across the valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="49.[136,1452,230,1408]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,408,1345,1371]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Similar species:—</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[409,732,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[409,632,1346,1372]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="disjuncta" status="sp. nov.">Diploneis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[643,732,1347,1372]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Lange-Bertalot, Fuhrmann &amp; Werum (2020: 88)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot, Fuhrmann &amp; Werum" authorityPageNumber="88" authorityYear="2020" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="navahoarum">
<emphasis box="[750,1012,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diploneis navahoarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Fuhrmann, A. &amp; Werum, M." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="691 - 699" refId="ref39004" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H., Fuhrmann, A. &amp; Werum, M. (2020) Freshwater Diploneis: species diversity in the Holarctic and spot checks from elsewhere. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of European inland water and comparable habitats. Freshwater Diploneis Two studies, Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books. pp. 1 - 526, 691 - 699." type="journal article" year="2020">Lange-Bertalot, Fuhrmann &amp; Werum (2020: 88)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authority="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Fuhrmann (2016: 174)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Fuhrmann" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="2016" box="[315,1034,1382,1408]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="puellafallax">
<emphasis box="[315,565,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diploneis puellafallax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Fuhrmann, A." box="[572,1034,1382,1408]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="157 - 183" refId="ref39079" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Fuhrmann, A. (2016) Contribution to the genus Diploneis (Bacillariophyta): twelve species from Holarctic freshwater habitats proposed as new to science. Fottea Olomouc 16 (2): 157 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2015.027" type="journal article" year="2016">Lange-Bertalot &amp; Fuhrmann (2016: 174)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>