345 lines
32 KiB
XML
345 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e9bc3ce-4b88-4c17-acfd-14482cf3424b" ID-PMC="PMC3494022" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-230-1" ID-PubMed="23166476" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-230-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 230" ModsDocTitle="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)" checkinTime="1451248664083" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2012" docId="B0801F45FC41E09C37525A0F0654B0D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 230: 1-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 230" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" docTitle="Iridopelma hirsutum Pocock 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="4371FFCC3243DD68FFCE0A77FFB8FF9E" masterDocTitle="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1668154580721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>230</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>94</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-230-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B0801F45FC41E09C37525A0F0654B0D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0801F45FC41E09C37525A0F0654B0D6" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Iridopelma_hirsutum" authority="Pocock, 1901" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma hirsutum" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Iridopelma hirsutum Pocock, 1901</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 81
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–106119–">-106119-</normalizedToken>
|
||
122169
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma hirsutum" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Iridopelma hirsutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, RI" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="540 - 555" title="Some new and old genera of South American Aviculariidae." url="10.1080/03745480109443359" volume="7" year="1901">Pocock 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:550;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, AM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="13 - 18" title="Taxonomy focus." volume="9" year="1993">Smith 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:15, f. 1-10;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Peters 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:34, f. 73-74;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, H-J" journalOrPublisher="Published by the author, Wegberg, Germany" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" title="Tarantulas of the World: Amerika's Vogelspinnen." year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:209, f. 843-844;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" title="The world spider catalog version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / iz / spiders / catalog," url="10.5531/db.iz.0001" year="2012">Platnick 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia hirsuta" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">Avicularia hirsuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E." journalOrPublisher="Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret," pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="669 - 1080" title="Histoire naturelle des araignees." volume="2" year="1903">Simon 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:960;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrunkevitch, A" journalOrPublisher="Published by the author, Wegberg, Germany" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" title="A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History 29: 1 - 791. http: // digitallibrary. amnh. org / dspace / handle / 2246 / 1135" url="10.5962/bhl.title.23819" year="1911">Petrunkevitch 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:50;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="Bremen," pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 1040" title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940." volume="1" year="1942">Roewer 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:254;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buecherl, W" journalOrPublisher="Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="377 - 416" title="Sobre a importancia dos bulbos copuladores e das apofises tibiais dos machos na sistematica das aranhas caranguejeiras (Orthognatha)." volume="29" year="1957">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bücherl">Buecherl</normalizedToken>
|
||
1957
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:404, f. 93-93a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Schmidt 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:61, f. 109-110; 1993:102, f. 326-327; 2003:200, f. 574-575.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena pococki" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pococki">Typhochlaena pococki</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mello-Leitao, CF" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 438" title="Theraphosoideas do Brasil." volume="13" year="1923">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
1923
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:333 (superfluous new name for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma hirsutum" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Iridopelma hirsutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pocock, 1901).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia palmicola" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmicola">Avicularia palmicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
1945:170;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buecherl, W" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="117 - 138" title="Revisao de alguns tipos de aranhas caranguejeiras (Orthognatha) estabelecidos por Candido de Mello-Leitao e depositados no Museu Nacional do Rio." volume="35" year="1971">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bücherl">Buecherl</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:126, f. 44. syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Males resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma oliveirai" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oliveirai">Iridopelma oliveirai</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. by leg I longer than leg IV (leg IV/I length = 0.84, SD = 0.05). Can be further distinguished by narrow embolus
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">ending</pageBreakToken>
|
||
in a curved tip (Figs 81-83) and by a pattern present on the abdomen dorsally (Fig. 100). Female resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma oliveirai" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oliveirai">Iridopelma oliveirai</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. by diverging spermathecae twisted in apical portions (Figs 87-88). It differs by brown carapace and legs, and an obvious abdominal pattern (Fig. 99).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="types">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Types.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Lectotype female (herein designated) a dissected adult female and 4 paralectotypes, 1 male, 3 immatures fom Pernambuco, Brazil, Royal Soc, H. N. Ridley (BMNH 1889-8-9-19) examined. Remarks:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, AM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="13 - 18" title="Taxonomy focus." volume="9" year="1993">Smith (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the male from Igarassu, collected by Ramage (BMNH 1888-47) to be the species type. However, he overlooked that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, RI" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="540 - 555" title="Some new and old genera of South American Aviculariidae." url="10.1080/03745480109443359" volume="7" year="1901">Pocock (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
explicitly indicated in the original description the types as those from Pernambuco. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, RI" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="540 - 555" title="Some new and old genera of South American Aviculariidae." url="10.1080/03745480109443359" volume="7" year="1901">Pocock (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described both female and male, whereas
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramage’s">Ramage's</normalizedToken>
|
||
material consists only of a single male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="additional material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
BRAZIL:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Fortaleza [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.7166667">3°43'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-38.533333">38°32'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 male, H. A. Braga, 10 April 1947 (IBSP 3505); 1 male, M. P. Paiva, 16 November 1960 (IBSP 3555); 2 males, 1 female, D. Rocha (IBSP 3362); 1 immature, same collector (IBSP 3361); Rio Grande do Norte: Parnamirim [5°54'S, 35°15W], 1 male, C. A. Almeida, 9 April 1973 (IBSP 2741); 1 male, F. Kawata, November 2007 (IBSP 14685);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 1 male, A. R. Roman, October 1980 (IBSP 4658); 1 immature, M. Ihering (MNRJ 42344); Cabedelo, Ilha da Restinga [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.0">7°00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.833332">34°50'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, P. F. L. Duarte, 12 November 1978 (IBSP 8082);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pessoa [7°08'S, 34°51W], 2 males, P. F. L. Duarte (IBSP 9758); Campus da U.F.P.B., 1 male (IBSP 8077), 1 female, Robson and Paula, 29 September to 3 October (IBSP8079), 1 female, B. M. Grisi, 23 August 1977 (IBSP 8076), 1 male, P. F. L. Duarte, 30 November 1979 (IBSP 8078), 1 female, Carrocinha, 17 September 1976 (MNRJ 13778), 1 male, P. F. L. Duarte, 1976 (MNRJ 13745), 1 immature, P. F. L. Duarte, 5 May 1977 (MNRJ 13549); Pernambuco: 1 male, P. F. L. Duarte (IBSP 9757); Camocim de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Félix">Felix</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.35">8°21'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-35.75">35°45'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 immatue, Vera
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lúcia">Lucia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 25 November 1969 (IBSP 8081);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaboatão">Jaboatao</normalizedToken>
|
||
dos Guararapes, Sucupira [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.1">8°06'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.966667">34°58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 immature, J. M. Arcanjo, 21 May 1969, on bromeliads (IBSP 3986A); Igarassu [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.8333335">7°50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.9">34°54'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 male, G. A. Ramage (BMNH 1888-47); Olinda [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.0">8°00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.85">34°51'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 2 females, 8 immatures, A. T. Coelho, 1963, on bushes (IBSP 8080); Recife [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.05">8°03'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.866665">34°52'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, M. F. Santos, May 1985 (IBSP 2741); Rio Formoso, Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Saltinho (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-8.71833">8°43'5.99"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-35.168636">35°10'7.08"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 1 male, R. Bertani, D. R. M. Ortega and R. H. Nagahama, 9 August 2006, at night, with retreat made with silk and two leaves, 1 m above the ground (MZSP 36884); 1 female, same colectors, 8 August 2006 (MZSP 36885); 1 female, same collectors, 10 August 2006, at night, on a leaf 0.5 m above the ground (MZSP 36886); 1 immature, same collectors, 9 August 2006, at night in palm tree, inside retreat made with silk and two leaves, 1 m above the ground (MZSP 36887), 2 immatures, 12 May 1969 (MNRJ 13721); Alagoas: Coruripe, Barragem da Fazenda
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Capiatã">Capiata</normalizedToken>
|
||
I, Usina Coruripe [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.133333">10°08'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-36.166668">36°10'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 male, E. C. Santos and R. C. T. Aquino (ex MUFAL 269), October 2004 (IBSP 12583), Murici,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Murici, Ufal (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-9.250517">9°15'1.86"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-35.850044">35°51'0.17"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 200 m a.s.l., 1 female, R. Bertani, D. R. M. Ortega and R. H. Nagahama, 17 August 2006, at night, inside reatreat made with
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">silk</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and two leaves, 1 m above the ground (MNRJ 06249); 1 immature, same colectors, 12 August 2006, at night, in a web built between two Heliconia leaves (MNRJ 06250); (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-9.233814">9°14'1.73"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-35.83378">35°50'1.61"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 575 m a.s.l., 1 female, same collectors, 16 August 2006, at night in a wall of an abandoned house (MNRJ 06251); 1 female, same data (MNRJ 06252); without locality (Cidade Universitaria), 1 male, M. N. Marques, 11 May 1980 (MNRJ 13782).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Female (MNRJ 06249) from Murici, state of Alagoas, Brazil. Carapace 15.0 long, 14.4 wide, chelicerae 9.0. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 13.4, 7.6, 10.4, 9.6, 5.3, 46.3. II: 12.3, 7.0, 8.8, 9.3, 4.9, 42.3. III: 10.4, 6.0, 8.0, 8.6, 4.6, 37.6. IV: 12.6, 6.2, 10.5, 10.9, 4.7, 44.9. Palp: 9.4, 5.2, 6.2, -, 6.2,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">27.0</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Mid-widths (lateral): femora I -IV = 2.8, 2.8, 3.1, 2.8, palp = 2.2; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.7, palp = 2.4; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.7, 2.5, 2.5, 2.6, palp = 2.3; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.2, 2.2, 1.8, 1.6; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.2, 2.2, 2.0, 2.3, palp = 2.5. Abdomen 21.5 long, 16.0 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.8 long, 0.7 wide, 0.4 apart; PLS, 2.3 basal, 1.6 middle, 2.5 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 1.9, 1.4, 0.9, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.04. Fovea: shallow, 2.3 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.6 high, 2.4 long, 2.8 wide. Clypeus 0.6. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior straight. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.6, ALE 0.6, PME 0.4, PLE 0.6,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.0,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.1,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.0. Maxillae: length to width: 2.1. Cuspules: 90-100 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.1 long, 2.2 wide, with 70-90 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior third. Labio-sternal groove deep, narrow, sigilla not evident. Chelicerae: basal segments with ten teeth decreasing in size from distal to basal portion. Sternum: 6.9 long, 6.2 wide. Legs: leg formula: I=IV II III. Scopula: tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate, IV basal half divided by row of 6-7 setae. Metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
4/5 scopulate; III 2/3, IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by three wide row of setae. Urticating hairs type II (0.53 to 0.61 long, 0.015 wide) on abdomen dorsum. Genitalia: paired diverging spermathecae tapering from the basally to the apex, folding on medially and with a strong constriction forming two (more rarely one or three) distal lobes (Figs 87-88). Color pattern: carapace, chelicerae, legs and palps brown with light brown setae, except for femora, patellae and tibiae of leg I-II and patellae and tibiae of leg III, blackish ventrally and prolaterally and tibiae and metatarsi of leg IV, darkened ventrally. Sternum, coxae, labium, maxillae black. Longitudinal stripes on dorsum of femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi whitish, more conspicuous on the patellae. Distal femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi with white rings. Tarsi with a dorsal
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“U”">"U"</normalizedToken>
|
||
shaped orange stripe. Abdomen dorsum brown with long light brown setae; a longitudinal large darker stripe on its center. Ventrally black (Fig. 99).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Male (MZSP 36884) from Rio Formoso, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Carapace 10.4 long, 10.0 wide, chelicerae 5.7. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 13.2, 5.8, 10.9, 11.0, 5.3, 46.2. II: 11.9, 5.3, 9.7, 9.6, 4.9, 41,4. III: 9.8, 4.5, 7.6, 8.3, 3.9, 34.1. IV: 11.7, 4.7, 10.2, 11.0, 4.3, 41.9. Palp: 7.1, 3.9, 5.3, -, 2.2, 18.5. Mid-widths (lateral): femora
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.8, 1.7, 2.0, 1.8, palp = 1.3; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.8, 1.9, 1.7, 1.9, palp = 1.6; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.5, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, palp = 1.5; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.1, 1.0, 1.1, 1.1; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.1, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, palp = 1.4. Abdomen 11.2 long, 7.6 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.4 long, 0.5 wide, 0.2 apart; PLS, 2.3 basal, 1.1 middle, 1.7 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.01. Fovea: shallow, 1.6 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.4 high, 1.6 long, 2.1 wide. Clypeus 0.5. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior straight. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.5, ALE 0.5, PME 0.4, PLE 0.5,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.0. Other characters as in female, except: maxillae: length to width: 2.1. Cuspules: 75-80
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">spread</pageBreakToken>
|
||
over ventral inner heel. Labium: 1.2 long, 1.6 wide, with 50 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove shallow, flat, with two sigilla. Chelicerae: basal segments with eigth teeth decreasing in size from distal to basal portion. Sternum: 5.0 long, 4.7 wide. Legs: leg formula: I IV II III. Scopula: tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate, IV divided by three row of setae. Metatarsi I 4/5 scopulate; II 2/3 scopulate; III 1/2 distal scopulate; IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by three wide row of setae. Tibial spurs. Legs: I, single, 0.6 long, 1.1 wide, with numerous spiniform setae on its tip (Fig. 85); II, single, without elevation, formed by
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">numerous</pageBreakToken>
|
||
spiniform setae (Fig. 86). Urticating hairs type II (0.88 to 0.95 long, 0.015 wide) on abdomen dorsum. Palp: embolus 2.6 long, with a 60° curvature to the retrolateral side. Embolus basal, middle and distal width of 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05, respectively. Tegulum 1.1 long, 1.5 wide. (Figs 81-83). Cymbium: spiniform process 0.8 long, 0.4 wide on the apex (fig. 84). Color pattern as in female, except for legs dorsally and ventrally brown with light brown setae; coxa I with distal ventro-retrolateral margin, II with distal half and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
completely brown with light brown setae; dorsum of abdomen with a longitudinal stripe of reddish urticating hairs (Fig. 100).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Brazil: From state of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
|
||
southwards to the state of Alagoas (Fig. 169).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="spermathecae variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Spermathecae variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Typical spermatheca diverges and tapers from base to apex, folds after its middle and has a strong constriction forming two distal lobes (Figs 87, 119, 121). More rarely, there is one lobe on both (Figs 88, 120) spermathecae or even three lobes (Fig. 122). Relative length and width vary, mainly in smaller specimens (Figs 119-122). However, even small spermathecae are already folded after their middle.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma hirsutum" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Iridopelma hirsutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to inhabit remnants of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Of eight specimens collected in Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Saltinho, state of Pernambuco, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Murici, state of Alagoas, six were found inside or close to retreats on leaves and two adult females were walking on the inner walls of an abandoned house (Fig. 106). They normally build a retreat with two leaves connected with silk threads (Figs 101, 102, 104-105) on different plants such as
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Piperaceae" lsidName="Piperaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Melastomataceae" lsidName="Melastomataceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Palmae (Fig. 101),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Guapeba”">"Guapeba"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Sapotaceae" lsidName="Sapotaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Fig. 105) and other not identified (Figs 102, 104). Ocasionally, they can be found with retreats in a single leaf, as in rolled
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Heliconiaceae" lsidName="Heliconiaceae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaf (Fig. 103). Retreat was above ground 0.5 to 1.0 m, but this was affected by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="collector’s">collector's</normalizedToken>
|
||
inability to search for specimens high in the vegetation. No adult males or females with eggsacs were found in the excursion period (August).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="color pattern ontogeny">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Juveniles have most of the carapace, chelicerae and legs metallic green (Figs 95-96). Coxae, trochantera, basal femora dorsally and parts of the chelicerae are light brown. The abdomen is black with a light central longitudinal large spot having zigzag edges and a longitudinal central black stripe over a more reddish area. The sternum, coxae, labium and abdomen are ventrally black. As the juveniles mature, the metallic green coloration changes to brown (Fig. 97) and the central spot on dorsal abdomen becomes totally reddish (Fig. 98). In the adult females, parts of the abdominal pattern remain, the longitudinal central black stripe is broader, and the reddish area becomes inconspicuous (Fig. 99). Adult males also retain an abdominal pattern, and the reddish area is normally conspicuous (Fig. 100).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia palmicola" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmicola">Avicularia palmicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1945, holotype female from Brazil,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mumbaba,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aristóteles">Aristoteles</normalizedToken>
|
||
Silva, collected in coconut tree (MNRJ 2328), examined. The specimen is an aviculariine female with first eye row procurved and spermathecae having a single fold and bilobed at distal portion. These characters agree with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iridopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
and spermathecae shape is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma hirsutum" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Iridopelma hirsutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia palmicola" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmicola">Avicularia palmicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1945 is transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iridopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
and considered a junior-synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma hirsutum" order="Araneae" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Iridopelma hirsutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pocock, 1901 syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |