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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.39270" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26a7a2f1-3f5e-432f-a55a-334a108cc814" ID-PMC="PMC7076057" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-917-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="239DC52CC7CF52A08546D98927A431AE" ID-PubMed="32206018" ID-ZooBank="7DA31DA1F5CD4FB2926D0033C28EDCF9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-917-63" checkinTime="1583773848099" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moulin, Nicolas" docDate="2020" docId="6C187340071C50988254E29609978C82" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 917: 63-83" docOrigin="ZooKeys 917" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.39270" docTitle="Chlidonoptera roxanae Moulin 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E7FBAAE9-E506-4154-A762-3008A1D6AF44" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="239DC52CC7CF52A08546D98927A431AE" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="239DC52CC7CF52A08546D98927A431AE" masterDocTitle="A cryptic new species of Chlidonoptera Karsch, 1892 from the south west protected zone of the Central African Republic (Insecta, Mantodea, Hymenopodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668168544946" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A cryptic new species of Chlidonoptera Karsch, 1892 from the south west protected zone of the Central African Republic (Insecta, Mantodea, Hymenopodidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moulin, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>917</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>63</mods:start>
<mods:end>83</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.39270</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.39270</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-917-63</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7DA31DA1F5CD4FB2926D0033C28EDCF9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">239DC52CC7CF52A08546D98927A431AE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162467353" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7FBAAE9-E506-4154-A762-3008A1D6AF44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C187340071C50988254E29609978C82" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName LSID="6C187340-071C-5098-8254-E29609978C82" authority="Moulin, 2020" authorityName="Moulin" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera roxanae" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roxanae" status="sp. nov.">Chlidonoptera roxanae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Male Chlidonoptera roxanae sp. nov. photographed in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (CAR), by Philippe Annoyer B female Chlidonoptera vexillum group photographed in the forest surrounding Sanaga Yong Chimpanzee Rescue Centre, Belabo, East Province (Cameroon), by Sean Brogan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387657" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figures 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chlidonoptera roxanae sp. nov., holotype male, dorsal and ventral habitus. Scale bar: 10.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387658" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Chlidonoptera, dorsal habitus: A C. vexillum, male, Mbalmayo, Cameroon, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0541 B C. vexillum, male, Arboretum Raponda Walker, Gabon, BOLD MANGAB 15 - 094 C C. vexillum, male, Biosphere Reserve of Dimonika, Republic of the Congo, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0487 D C. vexillum, male, Minziro Forest, Tanzania, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0533 E C. vexillum, male, Kalinzu Forest, Uganda F C. roxanae sp. nov., holotype male, base camp, lake 1, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, CAR, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0404 G C. lestoni, paratype male, Tafo, Ghana (S. Poulain) H C. chopardi, male, San Pedro, Ivory Coast." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387659" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">, 4F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Chlidonoptera roxanae sp. nov., holotype male, Genitalia. afa = phalloid apophysis; paa = apical processof left phallomere, titillator; bl = basal lobe of ventral phallomere; loa = membranous lobe; pda = primary distal process; sdpl = lateral secondary distal process; sdpm = median secondary distal process; vla = ventral lobe of ventral phallomere. Scale bars: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387660" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Differences between genitalia: left to right, C. lestoni, C. vexillum, and C. roxanae sp. nov. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387661" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="repository">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Repository.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Holotype male.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
national
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
naturelle, Paris, France.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Holotype label: Pinned. Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, base camp, Lake #1, 2.4881, 16.2330, light, 4.II.2012, BOLD NMMAN11-0404, Genitalia NM0181, Coll: Sangha 2012 Team.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Paratypes males. Philippe Annoyer Personal Collection (PAPC), Sainte-Croix-Volvestre, France; Research Collection of Nicolas Moulin (RCNM),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montérolier">Monterolier</normalizedToken>
, France;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
national
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
naturelle, Paris, France.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="paratypes labels (28♂♂)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Paratypes labels (28♂♂).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Central African Republic.</emphasis>
Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, WWF building, diffuse light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.920333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.920333">2.920333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.255527" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.255527">16.255527</geoCoordinate>
, 21.I.2012 (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park,
<normalizedToken originalValue="M’Boki">M'Boki</normalizedToken>
, South Likembe, Molongo, Sangha river, light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.471972" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.471972">2.471972</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.08125" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.08125">16.08125</geoCoordinate>
, 25.I.2012 (RCNM);
<normalizedToken originalValue="M’Boki">M'Boki</normalizedToken>
, South Likembe, Molongo, Sangha river, light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.471972" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.471972">2.471972</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.08125" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.08125">16.08125</geoCoordinate>
, 25.I.2012 (MNHN); Base camp, Lake #1, windfall tree, light (7♂♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.477916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.477916">2.477916</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.217388" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.217388">16.217388</geoCoordinate>
, 1-4.II.2012 (RCNM); Base camp, Lake #1, windfall tree, light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.477916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.477916">2.477916</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.217388" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.217388">16.217388</geoCoordinate>
, 1.II.2012 (MNHN); Lake #7, at the base of a Badamier (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Terminalia superba</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" family="Combretaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
), light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.463277" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.463277">2.463277</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.224833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.224833">16.224833</geoCoordinate>
, 3.II.2012 (MNHN); Lake #1, at canopy of an Azobe (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Lophira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophira alata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Lophira alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Banks ex C.F.Gaertner" authorityYear="1805" family="Ochnaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
), light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.4804" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="2.4804">2.4804</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.2155" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="16.2155">16.2155</geoCoordinate>
, 5.II.2012 (RCNM); Lake #1, base camp, windfall tree, laboratory tent, light (10♂♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.480555" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.480555">2.480555</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.216666" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.216665">16.216666</geoCoordinate>
, 10.II to 2.III.2012 (RCNM); Lake #3, light (2♂♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.488611" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.488611">2.488611</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.232944" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.232944">16.232944</geoCoordinate>
, 15 and 22.II.2012 (RCNM); at canopy of an Ayous (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triplochiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Triplochiton scleroxylon" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scleroxylon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Triplochiton scleroxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Malvaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
), light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.488138" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.488138">2.488138</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.233027" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.233027">16.233027</geoCoordinate>
, 22.II.2012 (MNHN); at canopy of an Ayous (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triplochiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Triplochiton scleroxylon" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scleroxylon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Triplochiton scleroxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Malvaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
), light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.488138" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.488138">2.488138</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.233027" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.233027">16.233027</geoCoordinate>
, 24.II.2012 (RCNM); Lake #7, light (1♂), 2.4806, 16.2167, 29.II.2012 (RCNM), Coll. SANGHA2012 Team.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Central African Republic.</emphasis>
Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, pk15 (2♂♂), pk21 (5♂♂), light,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.883333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.883333">2.883333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.254722" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.254723">16.254722</geoCoordinate>
, 31.V to 16.VI.1998 (PAPC), Coll. P. Annoyer; Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lidjombo (9♂♂: light (8♂♂) and day capture (1♂)),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.833833" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.833833">2.833833</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.137138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.137138">16.137138</geoCoordinate>
, 1-13.III.2005 (PAPC), Coll. P. Annoyer; Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, base camp 1, light (2♂♂), 3.066194, 16.149888, 11.X.2008 (PAPC); Bayanga, base camp 2, night capture (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.030416" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.030416">3.030416</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.142138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.142138">16.142138</geoCoordinate>
, 20.X.2008 (PAPC); Bayanga, at the base of a Kungu (
<taxonomicName genus="Piptadenastrium" lsidName="Piptadenastrium africanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="africanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Piptadenastrium africanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) (3♂♂), at canopy of the same tree (1♂), light,
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.030416" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.030416">3.030416</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.142138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.142138">16.142138</geoCoordinate>
, 23-24.X.2008 (PAPC), Coll. Epiphyte 2008 Team; Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, base camp, Lake #1, at the base of an
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azobé">Azobe</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Lophira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophira alata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Lophira alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Banks ex C.F.Gaertner" authorityYear="1805" family="Ochnaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
), light (3♂♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.480416" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.480416">2.480416</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.215527" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.215527">16.215527</geoCoordinate>
, 26.XI.2010 (PAPC); Little forest clearing at Lake #5, light (1♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.469055" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.469055">2.469055</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.225583" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.225582">16.225583</geoCoordinate>
, 29.XI.2010 (PAPC); Base camp, Lake #1, Laboratory tent, diffuse light (3♂♂),
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.480416" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.480416">2.480416</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.215527" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.215527">16.215527</geoCoordinate>
, 30.XI to 2.XII.2010 (PAPC), Coll. SANGHA2012 Team.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
According to the collection locations of different individuals in the canopy, this species is considered to be arboreal. Both nymph and adult specimens, are presumed to reside on the inflorescences of trees. In tropical forests, these flowers are often located at the top, above the canopy, so that pollinators have access to pollen and nectar. In the present study, is only males were captured with a light trap, and were rarely captured during the day. Females
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens that were observed by climbing trees or by beating vegetation (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Male Chlidonoptera roxanae sp. nov. photographed in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (CAR), by Philippe Annoyer B female Chlidonoptera vexillum group photographed in the forest surrounding Sanaga Yong Chimpanzee Rescue Centre, Belabo, East Province (Cameroon), by Sean Brogan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387657" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387657" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
Male
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moulin" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera roxanae" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roxanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera roxanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. photographed in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (CAR), by Philippe Annoyer
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
female
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera vexillum" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group photographed in the forest surrounding Sanaga Yong Chimpanzee Rescue Centre, Belabo, East Province (Cameroon), by Sean Brogan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Larger than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera vexillum" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roy" authorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera lestoni" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera lestoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Males: Body length (mm) 26.2-33.6; forewing length 23.6-30.2; hindwing length 24.9-27.3; pronotum length 5.1-6.9; prozone length 2.1-3.5; pronotum width 4.9-6.3; pronotum narrow width 1.6-2.1; head width 5.0-5.9; frons width 1.4-2.0; frons height 0.6-0.9; prothoracic coxae length 6.1-9.0; prothoracic femur length 8.0-10.2; mesothoracic femur length 6.2-8.1; mesothoracic tibia length 5.5-6.9; mesothoracic tarsus length 4.8-6.1; metathoracic femur length 7.2-9.1; metathoracic tibia length 6.5-8.4; metathoracic tarsus length 5.5-6.9; anteroventral femoral spine count 10-12; posteroventral femoral spine count 4; anteroventral tibial spine count 12-15; posteroventral tibial spine count 14-17. The colour patterns on the wings are almost similar (Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Male Chlidonoptera roxanae sp. nov. photographed in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (CAR), by Philippe Annoyer B female Chlidonoptera vexillum group photographed in the forest surrounding Sanaga Yong Chimpanzee Rescue Centre, Belabo, East Province (Cameroon), by Sean Brogan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387657" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Chlidonoptera, dorsal habitus: A C. vexillum, male, Mbalmayo, Cameroon, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0541 B C. vexillum, male, Arboretum Raponda Walker, Gabon, BOLD MANGAB 15 - 094 C C. vexillum, male, Biosphere Reserve of Dimonika, Republic of the Congo, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0487 D C. vexillum, male, Minziro Forest, Tanzania, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0533 E C. vexillum, male, Kalinzu Forest, Uganda F C. roxanae sp. nov., holotype male, base camp, lake 1, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, CAR, BOLD NMMAN 11 - 0404 G C. lestoni, paratype male, Tafo, Ghana (S. Poulain) H C. chopardi, male, San Pedro, Ivory Coast." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387659" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4</figureCitation>
). There are polymorphisms in the size of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="forewings’">forewings'</normalizedToken>
patterns in each of the species mentioned. The major difference is in the size of body, of genitalia and of the posterior process of sclerite L4A (ventral phallomere) being larger from one species to another (Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Chlidonoptera roxanae sp. nov., holotype male, Genitalia. afa = phalloid apophysis; paa = apical processof left phallomere, titillator; bl = basal lobe of ventral phallomere; loa = membranous lobe; pda = primary distal process; sdpl = lateral secondary distal process; sdpm = median secondary distal process; vla = ventral lobe of ventral phallomere. Scale bars: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387660" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Differences between genitalia: left to right, C. lestoni, C. vexillum, and C. roxanae sp. nov. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387661" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387658" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moulin" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera roxanae" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roxanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera roxanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype male, dorsal and ventral habitus. Scale bar: 10.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387659" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal habitus:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Mbalmayo, Cameroon, BOLD NMMAN11-0541
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Arboretum Raponda Walker, Gabon, BOLD MANGAB15-094
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Biosphere Reserve of Dimonika, Republic of the Congo, BOLD NMMAN11-0487
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Minziro Forest, Tanzania, BOLD NMMAN11-0533
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Kalinzu Forest, Uganda
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. roxanae" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="roxanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. roxanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype male, base camp, lake #1, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, CAR, BOLD NMMAN11-0404
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. lestoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="lestoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. lestoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype male, Tafo, Ghana (S. Poulain)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. chopardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="chopardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. chopardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, San Pedro, Ivory Coast.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Male.</emphasis>
General colour of the body green and pale yellow. Holotype: Body length (mm) 30.4; forewings length 27.5; hindwings length 25.6; pronotum length 6.3; prozone length 3.0; pronotum width 5.5; pronotum narrow width 2.0; head width 5.8; frons width 1.9; frons height 0.9; prothoracic coxae length 8.1; prothoracic femur length 9.8; mesothoracic femur length 8.0; mesothoracic tibia length 6.5; metathoracic tarsus length 5.2; metathoracic femur length 8.4; metathoracic tibia length 7.7; metathoracic tarsus length 6.2; anteroventral femoral spine count R12/L12; posteroventral femoral spine count R4/L4; anteroventral tibial spine count R13/L14; posteroventral tibial spine count R15/L16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Head</emphasis>
: Oval with anteriorly protruding eyes; vertex arcuate with pronounced tubercles at the sides; prolongation of the bifid vertex; lower frons markedly concave, superior margin angles have a tubercle, raised lateral margins; the median region of third antennal segment is black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Pronotum</emphasis>
: Presenting no special features in comparison with
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. lestoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="lestoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. lestoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pronotum slightly longer and wider than in other species with always two tubercles slightly directed forward, just above the supracoxal sulcus. Crenellated edges with tubercles of variable sizes. Greenish prozone in the centre and whitish on the sides. Green metazone except on the margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName genus="Forelegs" lsidName="Forelegs" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Forelegs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Legs very similar in their morphology and coloration to those of the other species previously cited. The anterior femora always with four discoidal spines, four posteroventral femoral spines, and 10-12 anteroventral femoral spines. Anterior tibia has 12-14 anteroventral tibial spines and 14-17 posteroventral tibial spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Meso- and metathoracic legs</emphasis>
: Legs very similar in their morphology and coloration to those of the other species previously cited.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Wings</emphasis>
: Forewing 23.6-30.2 mm in length, featuring the usual colour pattern for the genus, with a yellow spot contained between the two black arcs in a relatively large circle. Hindwings 24.9-27.3 mm long, hyaline, with basal region more or less yellow with red-brownish veins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Abdomen</emphasis>
: It presents no special features in comparison with
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. lestoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="lestoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. lestoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Laterally lobed abdominal segments. Subgenital plate more or less asymmetrical as in the other species; supraanal plate and cerci without special features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Genitalia</emphasis>
: Same type of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the posterior process of the ventral phallomere longer and thicker than in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a ventral phallomere longer (Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Chlidonoptera roxanae sp. nov., holotype male, Genitalia. afa = phalloid apophysis; paa = apical processof left phallomere, titillator; bl = basal lobe of ventral phallomere; loa = membranous lobe; pda = primary distal process; sdpl = lateral secondary distal process; sdpm = median secondary distal process; vla = ventral lobe of ventral phallomere. Scale bars: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387660" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Differences between genitalia: left to right, C. lestoni, C. vexillum, and C. roxanae sp. nov. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387661" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387660" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moulin" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera roxanae" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roxanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera roxanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype male, Genitalia. afa = phalloid apophysis; paa = apical processof left phallomere, titillator; bl = basal lobe of ventral phallomere; loa = membranous lobe; pda = primary distal process; sdpl = lateral secondary distal process; sdpm = median secondary distal process;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">vla</emphasis>
= ventral lobe of ventral phallomere. Scale bars: 1.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387661" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Differences between genitalia: left to right,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. lestoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="lestoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. lestoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. roxanae" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="roxanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. roxanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
This species is named in honour of my oldest daughter, Roxane, who was growing in her
<normalizedToken originalValue="mother’s">mother's</normalizedToken>
womb, while I was deep in the primary forest of the Central African Republic, for field work in February 2012.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="dna barcoding">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">DNA barcoding.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Nineteen sequences were obtained from the 25 specimens sampled (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Barcode tree of Chlidonoptera from Central Africa created in BOLD using a Neighbour-Joining analysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387662" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">7</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. roxanae" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="roxanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. roxanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distant enough from each other (9.4% between them), to allow us to consider them as two different species. BINs (Barcode Index Number) have been attributed to them: BIN: BOLD: ACX2872 for
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. roxanae" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="roxanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. roxanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (mean intraspecific divergence 0.19%) and BIN: BOLD: AAZ5470 for
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vexillum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="vexillum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. vexillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(mean intraspecific divergence 0.76%). No fresh specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. lestoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="lestoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. lestoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were obtained for barcoding. Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) sometimes lead to the creation of different BINs, a problem which was not encountered here with the differences on the genitalia and the larger general morphology. PCR did not work for six specimens, presumably due to their condition, as they had to be relaxed in order to be mounted, or due to the preserving liquid. These specimens came from Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Uganda.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.917.39270.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387662" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Barcode tree of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Chlidonoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlidonoptera" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chlidonoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Central Africa created in BOLD using a Neighbour-Joining analysis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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