630 lines
64 KiB
XML
630 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7bae9964-9137-4db7-94c7-46635793efe9" ID-PMC="PMC8277657" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1048-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E7CE28D2A3015239A8BABF5F61F00874" ID-PubMed="34295214" ID-ZooBank="B55DEC1A6C1D40CFBB593BA3F84C3F6E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1048-1" checkinTime="1625677538222" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pedraza-Lara, Carlos, Gutierrez-Yurrita, Pedro Joaquin & Jesus-Bonilla, Vladimir Salvador De" docDate="2021" docId="0E5B74BC53325728BA98561A1D793372" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1048: 1-21" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1048" docPubDate="2021-07-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493" docTitle="Procambarus xihui Pedraza-Lara & Gutiérrez-Yurrita & Jesus-Bonilla 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DCFCDB8F-896F-4071-8CB6-12D6241FE9DB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="E7CE28D2A3015239A8BABF5F61F00874" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="E7CE28D2A3015239A8BABF5F61F00874" masterDocTitle="A new species of Procambarus (Decapoda, Cambaridae) from the State of Queretaro, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150578704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Procambarus (Decapoda, Cambaridae) from the State of Queretaro, Mexico</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pedraza-Lara, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-5286</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito de la Investigacion Cientifica s / n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pedrazal@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gutierrez-Yurrita, Pedro Joaquin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Mexico City, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jesus-Bonilla, Vladimir Salvador De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito de la Investigacion Cientifica s / n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-07-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1048</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>21</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1048-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B55DEC1A6C1D40CFBB593BA3F84C3F6E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E7CE28D2A3015239A8BABF5F61F00874</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401836" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DCFCDB8F-896F-4071-8CB6-12D6241FE9DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E5B74BC53325728BA98561A1D793372" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DCFCDB8F-896F-4071-8CB6-12D6241FE9DB" authority="Pedraza-Lara & Gutiérrez-Yurrita & Jesus-Bonilla, 2021" authorityName="Pedraza-Lara & Gutiérrez-Yurrita & Jesus-Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui" status="sp. nov.">Procambarus xihui</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Procambarus xihui. All illustrations from holotype except for F which is from allotype A dorsal view of cephalothorax B lateral view of cephalothorax C lateral view of cheliped D basal podomeres of second to fifth pereiopods E Epistome F caudal view of annulus ventralis. Scale bars: 5 mm (A-C); 2 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Procambarus xihui, holotype A caudal view of the first pair of pleopods B mesial view of left gonopod C lateral view of left gonopod D detail of apex, mesial view E detail of apex, latero-cephalic view F detail of apex, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, C); 0.1 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-05-22" collectorName="de Serra, Heriberto Pedraza Rodriguez, Pedraza-Lara, Ma." country="Mexico" elevation="1210" latitude="21.142467" location="Jalpan de Serra" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-99.2851" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queretaro State" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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male from I (CNCR 35721),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="8.548" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.142467">21°8.548'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="west" minutes="17.106" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-99.2851">99°17.106'W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" unit="m" value="1210.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" unit="m" value="1210.0">1210 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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; stream Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Álamos">Alamos</normalizedToken>
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, Yerbabuena,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E5B74BC53325728BA98561A1D793372:59DB3EA6F0215C949B56BD69E26231DB" country="Mexico" latitude="21.142467" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-99.2851" name="Jalpan de Serra" stateProvince="Queretaro State">
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Jalpan
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<collectorName>de Serra</collectorName>
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</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Querétaro">Queretaro</normalizedToken>
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State
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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. A small headwater first-magnitude stream, which keep water in shallow ponds along the year. leg.
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<collectorName>
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Heriberto Pedraza
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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, Patricia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ornelas-García">Ornelas-Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, Carlos
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<collectorName>Pedraza-Lara, Ma.</collectorName>
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Guadalupe Lara
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zúñiga">Zuniga</normalizedToken>
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, Guadalupe Gracia, Regina Pedraza Lara,
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<collectingDate value="2019-05-22">May 22, 2019</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Allotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: female (CNCR 35723), same data as holotype.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphotype</emphasis>
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: male (CNCR 35722), same data as
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Body pigmented, eyes well developed. Rostrum lanceolate, concave, without lateral spines; antennal scale width 0.50-0.54
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in its length; areola of moderate width (0.22-0.23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wide in length) with 2-4 large punctations in narrowest part; cervical spine absent, single, shallow branchiostegal spine; chela shorter than cephalothorax length, long and thin, length 0.87-0.89
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the length of cephalothorax and 0.28-0.31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wide than long, narrow-ovate. Dactyl forming a concave profile in mesial margin, palm of chela with scattered tubercles, mesial surface with row of seven or eight tubercles, palm length 0.55-0.66
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in dactyl length; no lateral spines on carapace; postrostral ridges very strong and wide, forming a strong tubercle, provided with longitudinal groove along its laterodorsal margin, its apical extreme slightly overreaching carapace surface, not forming evident apical spine. Male with hooks on ischiopodites of the third and fourth pairs of pereiopods, those on third ischiopodite extending beyond basioischial articulation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">First pair of pleopods slightly asymmetrical, reaching coxopodite of third pereiopod, with shoulder on cephalic margin beginning at distal fifth; a row of setae from base to second third of pleopod, a second row of setae along mesial surface starting at mid-length and third row of setae along mesial surface starting on last quart and extending laterally to base of terminal processes, where it forms a tuft of plumose setae; mesial process spiniform, directed caudally and slightly mesially, cephalic process spiniform, acute, hood-like, directed caudomedial, upon central projection and hidden beneath apical tuft; central projection corneous, lamellate, hood-like, tip decidedly projecting mesially, forming a concave blade-like structure, distally folded in mesial direction and reaching beyond the remaining terminal elements; caudal process corneous, crest-like, running on caudomesial surface of pleopod tip, along longitudinal pleopod axis, mesiodistally directed, forming a lateral side of the concavity formed distally by the central projection, reaching bellow point of mesial process position in lateral view.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preanular plate with strong tubercles in caudal margin, and with setae along its margin, both well projecting over annulus cephalic area. Annulus ventralis rather fusiform, with depression along median surface and sinus in shallow Z-shape. Endopodite and exopodite of uropods with strong distolateral spines and median ridge ending in small spine, not reaching endopodite margin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of holotypic male, Form I.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Procambarus xihui. All illustrations from holotype except for F which is from allotype A dorsal view of cephalothorax B lateral view of cephalothorax C lateral view of cheliped D basal podomeres of second to fifth pereiopods E Epistome F caudal view of annulus ventralis. Scale bars: 5 mm (A-C); 2 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Procambarus xihui, holotype A caudal view of the first pair of pleopods B mesial view of left gonopod C lateral view of left gonopod D detail of apex, mesial view E detail of apex, latero-cephalic view F detail of apex, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, C); 0.1 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
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, Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of types. Morphometric measurements (mm) of holotype, allotype, and morphotype of P. xihui sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9C4E862EA5FE934CF60A58B3FA28735" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="A9C4E862EA5FE934CF60A58B3FA28735">2</tableCitation>
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). Body pigmented, eyes well developed. Body subovate, abdomen narrower than thorax. At cervical groove carapace slightly higher than wide (0.99
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height). Areola moderate in width (0.22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length) with three or four punctations in narrowest part; length of areola ca. 0.32
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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that of entire carapace length. Rostrum lanceolate, dorsally excavated, reaching distal third of second basal segment of antennule, its width 0.69
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in length; margins raised slightly thickened, acumen not sharped, dorsal surface of rostrum punctuated at its base, row of setiferous punctations along base of marginal ridges, subrostral ridges poorly developed, and not evident from dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pedraza-Lara & Gutiérrez-Yurrita & Jesus-Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procambarus xihui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All illustrations from holotype except for F which is from allotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view of cephalothorax
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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lateral view of cephalothorax
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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lateral view of cheliped
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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basal podomeres of second to fifth pereiopods
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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Epistome
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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caudal view of annulus ventralis. Scale bars: 5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
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); 2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postrostral ridges conspicuous and wide, forming a strong tubercle, provided with longitudinal groove along its laterodorsal side, its apical edge slightly overreaching carapace surface, not forming evident apical spine. Suborbital angle obtuse, one branchiostegal spine present. Surface of the carapace deeply punctuate.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563397" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pedraza-Lara & Gutiérrez-Yurrita & Jesus-Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procambarus xihui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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caudal view of the first pair of pleopods
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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mesial view of left gonopod
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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lateral view of left gonopod
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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detail of apex, mesial view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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detail of apex, latero-cephalic view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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detail of apex, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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); 0.5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Epistome broadly triangular, subsymmetrical, with cephalomedian projection well defined. Antennule with ventral spine on basal segment well developed. Antennal scale width 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its length, maximum width at ca. 0. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length, with a ridge along lateral margin ending in a strong spine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Chela long and thin, 0.89
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the length of carapace and 0.31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wide as long, narrow-ovate, dactyl forming a concave profile in mesial margin. Chela scattered with numerous setose tubercles and crowded with numerous denticles. Mesial margin of palm with row of seven tubercles, opposable sides of both fingers with strong tubercles, seven stronger on proximal half of dactyl. Fingers gaping along their length. Lateral margin of dactyl with weak ridge of acute tubercles proximally and punctations distally. Tip of fingers forming strong pencils. Opposable margin of fixed finger with four tubercles on basal one-quarter and five punctations along second and third distal quarters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Width of carpus of first pereiopod ca. 0.63
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in its length. Merus length 0.45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in cephalothorax length, with scattered punctations in lateral surface, two rows of spike-like tubercles on mesial surface, stronger at distal half, apical spine present. Hooks on ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods, former well exceeding basioischial articulation, latter reaching it. Bases of coxopodites of fourth and fifth pereiopods with caudomesial boss projection, the former extending on wide prominence on caudoventrally surface, caudomedial oriented, setose around margin, the latter blade-like, mesially oriented, bare.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="first pleopods as described in diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">First pleopods as described in diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Abdomen slightly narrower than carapace, width 0.88
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in cephalothorax width. Protopodite of uropods with distolateral spines, endopodite and exopodite with strong distolateral spines and median ridge ending in small spine, not reaching endopodite margin. Dorsal side of telson with one median spine on each caudolateral corner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of allotypic female.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Procambarus xihui. All illustrations from holotype except for F which is from allotype A dorsal view of cephalothorax B lateral view of cephalothorax C lateral view of cheliped D basal podomeres of second to fifth pereiopods E Epistome F caudal view of annulus ventralis. Scale bars: 5 mm (A-C); 2 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of types. Morphometric measurements (mm) of holotype, allotype, and morphotype of P. xihui sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9C4E862EA5FE934CF60A58B3FA28735" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="A9C4E862EA5FE934CF60A58B3FA28735">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Differing from holotype in following respects: areola of moderate width (0.23
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length) with two or three punctations in narrowest part, areola length 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
carapace length. Rostrum wide (0.78
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rostrum length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Shorter and smaller chela, 0.66
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of carapace and width 0.31
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length, mesial profile of dactyl straight. Four strong tubercles on proximal half of opposable side of dactyl. Two conspicuous tubercles on opposable side of fixed finger, one on distal third. Width of carpus of first pereiopod ca. 0.63
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its length. Shorter merus, 0.39
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
cephalothorax length. Left dactyl abnormally small, shorter than fixed finger. No hooks on ischiopodites of pereiopods. Caudomesial boss only evident on fifth coxopodite, mesially projected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Annulus ventralis as described in diagnosis (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Procambarus xihui. All illustrations from holotype except for F which is from allotype A dorsal view of cephalothorax B lateral view of cephalothorax C lateral view of cheliped D basal podomeres of second to fifth pereiopods E Epistome F caudal view of annulus ventralis. Scale bars: 5 mm (A-C); 2 mm (D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563396" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). First pleopods uniramous, reaching cephalic region of annulus ventralis when abdomen is flexed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of morphotypic male, form II.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of types. Morphometric measurements (mm) of holotype, allotype, and morphotype of P. xihui sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A9C4E862EA5FE934CF60A58B3FA28735" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="A9C4E862EA5FE934CF60A58B3FA28735">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Differing from holotype in the following respects: areola of moderate width (0.24
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length) with punctations (two or three in narrowest part).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Left chela 0.87
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the length of cephalothorax and width 0.28
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in its length, mesial surface of chela with a row of ten tubercles, palm 0.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in dactyl length. Right chela abnormally smaller. Opposable side of dactyl with five stronger tubercles on proximal side, lateral margin of dactyl with ridge of punctations. Opposable margin of fixed finger with five tubercles on basal quarter, two of them stronger, and punctate along distal half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Carpus of first pereiopod ca. 1.35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide. Shorter merus (0.41
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
cephalothorax length). Shallow hooks on ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods, the former longer, none exceeding basioischial articulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terminal elements of first pleopods not stylized, certain incipient development in mesial process and central projection, the latter together with caudal and cephalic processes mesially oriented.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The new species depicts certain variability in coloration among populations, but most individuals show a general brownish body background with lighter scattered spots along thorax and abdomen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Procambarus xihui A photograph of form I male alive showing coloration B general habitat in type locality C photograph of live specimen in aquarium. Photographs by CPL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). For most individuals, the chela is brown to reddish, with scattered darker or yellowish punctations. Color become lighter to the base of pereiopods. In some individuals, a diffuse darker band is visible on the sides of thorax, which become darker posteriorly, but it is not apparent in others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pedraza-Lara & Gutiérrez-Yurrita & Jesus-Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procambarus xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
photograph of form I male alive showing coloration
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
general habitat in type locality
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
photograph of live specimen in aquarium. Photographs by CPL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The specific epithet -
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pedraza-Lara & Gutiérrez-Yurrita & Jesus-Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procambarus xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes from the term used by natives from the region, (also known as the Pame people), to refer to themselves. The term also means
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘indigenous’">'indigenous'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the Pame language.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phylogenetic relationships and remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylogenetic relationships and remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Except for
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bouvier" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus digueti" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digueti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procambarus digueti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. regiomontanus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regiomontanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. regiomontanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are clearly distinctive among the crayfish fauna of Mexico and used here as outgroups, the new species shares some traits with the remaining species included, most of them inhabiting the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pánuco">Panuco</normalizedToken>
|
||
River basin. Among those are the possession of hooks on the ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods and the first pair of pleopods reaching the coxa of third pereiopods. However, the new species can be readily distinguished from two other species included inhabiting the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pánuco">Panuco</normalizedToken>
|
||
basin,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. strenthi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenthi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. strenthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. roberti" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based in the following characters (among others): in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. roberti" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first pleopods are asymmetrical and lack a cephalic shoulder, and it possess a subtriangular, laterally grooved caudal process abutting the caudal base of central projection, which is notably more reduced than the shown by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. strenthi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenthi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. strenthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first pleopods of the male form I are also strongly asymmetrical, bearing a strong angular shoulder in the cephalic surface, a cephalic process broad and lamellate, a dentiform central projection and a smaller subtriangular caudal process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
More specifically, the new species is morphologically related to a group of species placed in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus (Ortmannicus)" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ortmannicus">Procambarus Ortmannicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Hobbs (1972), although subgeneric groupings in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procambarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been recognized recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/rux070" author="Crandall, KA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Crustacean Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="615 - 653" refId="B5" refString="Crandall, KA, De Grave, S, 2017. An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list. Journal of Crustacean Biology 37: 615 - 653, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/rux070" title="An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/rux070" volume="37" year="2017">Crandall and De Grave 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Still, such grouping allows us to identify some morphological similarities among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the species morphologically most like it. Such species are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. acutus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. acutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. caballeroi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. caballeroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cuevachicae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuevachicae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cuevachicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gonopodocristatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonopodocristatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. gonopodocristatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. toltecae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toltecae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. toltecae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. villalobosi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villalobosi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. villalobosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several traits are shared among the new species and the remaining Mexican species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Ortmannicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ortmannicus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ortmannicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu Hobbs (1972) such as the lack of caudal knob. In general, the new species can readily be distinguished from the remaining species by the configuration of terminal elements of the first pair of pleopods. In addition, it can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. acutus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. acutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cuevachicae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuevachicae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cuevachicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as these show a distally directed mesial process, a cephalic process somewhat rounded distally, an acute caudal process, a somewhat twisted central projection, and an almost obliterated areola.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. acutus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. acutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cuevachicae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuevachicae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cuevachicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lack a cephalic shoulder in the first pleopod. The new species can be readily separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. villalobosi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villalobosi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. villalobosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among several other traits, by the conspicuous arrangement of all apical elements of the first pleopod in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. villalobosi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villalobosi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. villalobosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a singularly long mesial process far exceeding the other elements caudally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Among other differences, the new species can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. caballeroi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. caballeroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the latter possess a wider rostrum, a laminated, laterally flattened cephalic process, a crest-like caudal process whose apex ends in a spine-like structure that is caudodistally directed. Among the main differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gonopodocristatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonopodocristatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. gonopodocristatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are that the latter possesses a caudal process in the form of a long blade arced along the caudolateral surface, when in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this process is longer and situated along the caudomesial surface of the pleopod.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Villalobos" authorityYear="1944" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus caballeroi" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procambarus caballeroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gonopodocristatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonopodocristatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. gonopodocristatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabit other river basins, south of the TMVB. The two species that most resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. toltecae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toltecae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. toltecae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The new species can easily be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. toltecae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toltecae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. toltecae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the latter shows a different arrangement of the terminal elements of the first pleopod: most conspicuous are the caudal orientations of the cephalic and caudal processes as well as the central projection, the latter two forming a triangular projection which extends in caudally and forms a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the appendix. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. toltecae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toltecae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. toltecae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the central projection is the longest among the related species, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the three most apical elements are directed mesially and the caudal process is blade-like and runs along the mesial side of the pleopod. We find that the new species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which, however, clear differences can be noticed. In the latter, the mesial process is latero-distally oriented, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
its orientation is caudal and slightly mesial; both show a central projection that is corneous and flattened, but its division in two elements in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clear, one larger and distally projected and the other shorter, straight, and mesially projected, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the two elements are fused and no clear delimitation exists between them unless observed on electron microscopy; they form one concave blade-like structure, distally folded in a mesial direction. The caudal process is laminated in both species, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is located mesiocaudally to central projection, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is more laterally located, becoming the lateral side of the concavity formed by the central projection, also mesially directed. In vivo, a distinctive red coloration was recorded in the male form I of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a contrasting blackish stripe running laterally of cephalothorax. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a dark stripe can be present, but it does not contrast as the body color is brownish (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Procambarus xihui A photograph of form I male alive showing coloration B general habitat in type locality C photograph of live specimen in aquarium. Photographs by CPL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis partially agrees with deductions from morphological similarities. The new species is grouped in a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: these two species inhabit small, first-order springs of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pánuco">Panuco</normalizedToken>
|
||
basin, although
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits higher altitude parts of three different sub-basins (between 1,000 m and ca. 1,200 m): the Jalpan River (later a tributary of the Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||
sub-basin), the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tancuilín">Tancuilin</normalizedToken>
|
||
sub-basin, and Extoraz sub-basin (both tributaries of the Moctezuma River). On the other side,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hidalgoensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hidalgoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits similar habitats (at an altitude of 1,485 m) but from the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Hule sub-basin, a southern component of the Moctezuma sub-basin. This clade is grouped with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. toltecae" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toltecae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. toltecae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which inhabits much lower altitudes (here collected from 273 m). Similarly, the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pánuco">Panuco</normalizedToken>
|
||
system is inhabited by the remaining species here included except for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. digueti" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digueti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. digueti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. regiomontanus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regiomontanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. regiomontanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but most of them are from distinct sub-basins or altitudes. Results shown here support that this region is a depositary of distinct clades of crayfish diversity in Mexico, which possibly reflects a complex biogeographic history for the genus in northeast Mexico, from which
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one additional component. Additional phylogenetic and biogeographic inferences are surely complex and beyond the scope of the present manuscript and will be treated in further work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and conservation notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The new species inhabits an entirely included area in the SGBR. With certain variation among populations, habitats are headwater stream ecosystems, less than 1.5 meters wide, showing surface water intermittently along their course for most of the year, especially in small ponds that are 0.5-3 m wide with reduced water flow (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Procambarus xihui A photograph of form I male alive showing coloration B general habitat in type locality C photograph of live specimen in aquarium. Photographs by CPL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/563398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). These are very sensitive habitats, reduced in area and characterized by a high quality of riparian vegetation and pristine water conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00008.x" author="Meyer, JL" journalOrPublisher="JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="86 - 103" refId="B24" refString="Meyer, JL, Strayer, DL, Wallace, JB, Eggert, SL, Helfman, GS, Leonard, NE, 2007. The contribution of headwater streams to biodiversity in river networks 1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43: 86 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00008.x" title="The contribution of headwater streams to biodiversity in river networks 1." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00008.x" volume="43" year="2007">Meyer et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During the rainy season they can occasionally join the next water course, where crayfish populations have not been found; consequently it is possible that a high degree of habitat fragmentation can exist between locations. They are characterized by oligotrophic water conditions (elevated oxygen concentration, low temperatures and low nutrients) and substrates composed of bedrock, rocks, pebbles, cobbles, leaf litter, tree branches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pedraza-Lara, C" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater crayfish" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="129 - 139" refId="B26" refString="Pedraza-Lara, C, Lopez-Romero, A, Gutierrez-Yurrita, PJ, 2004. Preliminary studies concerning phenotype and molecular differences among freshwater crayfish from the sub-genus Procambarus (Ortmannicus) in Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Freshwater crayfish 14: 129 - 139" title="Preliminary studies concerning phenotype and molecular differences among freshwater crayfish from the sub-genus Procambarus (Ortmannicus) in Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Mexico." volume="14" year="2004">Pedraza-Lara et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and other elements that provide shadow, refuge, and high habitat heterogeneity. The riparian vegetation, rocks, and gravels are of special importance for crayfish survival since they are nocturnal and usually spend most of the day hidden in these substrates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The characteristic physical and chemical parameters of their habitats are temperatures between 20 and 28 °C, dissolved oxygen content between 8 and 12 mg l-1, pH 7-8, and water hardness 90-350 mg CaCO3 l-1. The terrestrial vegetation of the riverside where the crayfish populations were found is composed by riparian vegetation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platanus mexicana" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Platanus mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Taxodiaceae" genus="Taxodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taxodium mucronatum" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="mucronatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxodium mucronatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Headwater streams might be more vulnerable to disturbances in the surrounding catchment than other aquatic habitats, which relate to a higher risk of biodiversity loss (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0196:MHSTTH]2.0.CO;2" author="Lowe, WH" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B21" refString="Lowe, WH, Likens, GE, 2005. Moving headwater streams to the head of the class. BioScience 55: 196-197. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0196:MHSTTH]2.0.CO;2" title="Moving headwater streams to the head of the class. BioScience 55: 196 - 197." url="https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0196:MHSTTH]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">Lowe and Likens 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Populations inhabiting headwater stream ecosystems are especially sensitive to rainy conditions, as short and severe periods of drought could represent a high risk of extinction of their populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01084.x" author="Boulton, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1173 - 1185" refId="B4" refString="Boulton, AJ, 2003. Parallels and contrasts in the effects of drought on stream macroinvertebrate assemblages. Freshwater Biology 48: 1173 - 1185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01084.x" title="Parallels and contrasts in the effects of drought on stream macroinvertebrate assemblages." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01084.x" volume="48" year="2003">Boulton 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The last decade in central and northern Mexico has been dryer than preceding decades (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seager, R" journalOrPublisher="Atmosfera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B35" refString="Seager, R, Ting, M, Davis, M, Cane, M, Naik, N, Nakamura, J, Li, C, Cook, E, Stahle, DW, 2009. Mexican drought: an observational modeling and tree ring study of variability and climate change. Atmosfera 22: 1 - 31" title="Mexican drought: an observational modeling and tree ring study of variability and climate change." volume="22" year="2009">Seager et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): the most severe drought recorded from the BRSG was during 2010-2015, with the year 2012 being the most intense (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2018.01.008" author="Mendoza-Villa, ON" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="371 - 386" refId="B23" refString="Mendoza-Villa, ON, Cambron-Sandoval, VH, Cerano-Paredes, J, Cervantes-Martinez, R, Soto-Correa, JC, 2018. Reconstruction of historical precipitation (1877-2014) for the southwest of the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Queretaro, Mexico. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales 24: 371 - 386, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2018.01.008" title="Reconstruction of historical precipitation (1877 - 2014) for the southwest of the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Queretaro, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2018.01.008" volume="24" year="2018">Mendoza-Villa et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Climatic predictions at a regional scale indicate that naturally occurring sub-decadal droughts will be made more frequent and widespread by anthropogenic climate change (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seager, R" journalOrPublisher="Atmosfera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B35" refString="Seager, R, Ting, M, Davis, M, Cane, M, Naik, N, Nakamura, J, Li, C, Cook, E, Stahle, DW, 2009. Mexican drought: an observational modeling and tree ring study of variability and climate change. Atmosfera 22: 1 - 31" title="Mexican drought: an observational modeling and tree ring study of variability and climate change." volume="22" year="2009">Seager et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Locally, water from the localities of the new species is intensively used for human consumption, crops, and livestock activities. Impacts driven by climate change are expected to be substantial on headwater streams ecosystems, which makes diagnosing and planning for conservation an urgent task (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01340.x" author="Durance, I" journalOrPublisher="Global change biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="942 - 957" refId="B7" refString="Durance, I, Ormerod, SJ, 2007. Climate change effects on upland stream macroinvertebrates over a 25-year period. Global change biology 13: 942 - 957, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01340.x" title="Climate change effects on upland stream macroinvertebrates over a 25 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01340.x" volume="13" year="2007">Durance and Ormerod 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From this perspective, the conservation of the headwaters of the rivers, as well as the maintenance of seasonal water regimes is of utmost importance to preserve endemic species, especially those that have very narrow distributions, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. xihui" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xihui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. xihui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Human actions also induce climate change to be faster in these areas, affecting the general ecological functioning of the Sierra and with it, also human activities (pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Collections for populations from the new species were made in the year 2002 and attempted in 2019, covering nearly 20 years. The climatic conditions and intense use of water described above has probably been related to the dramatic change observed by us at the visited sites, in which three of the five streams were almost dry or completely modified. In June 2019, an attempt to collect with the same sampling effort used in 2002 was carried out at all sites. We failed to find any crayfish at Las Camelinas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saldiveña">Saldivena</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and San Juanito, and in the remainder, crayfish were at much lower abundances than previously recorded. Additionally, several mass mortalities of crayfish were recorded from some sites, produced by the use of pesticides in crops surrounding the small streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
As seen by their location, most populations were found in separated streams which were not in contact with each other for most of the year or even for several years. Most of individuals were found in such small populations and face situations of high dryness, in which they are limited to a small number of pools, representing a high risk of local extinctions. If crayfish diversity is one of the most endangered among freshwater fauna in the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0060" author="Richman, NI" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20140060 - 20140060" refId="B31" refString="Richman, NI, Bohm, M, Adams, SB, Alvarez, F, Bergey, EA, Bunn, JJS, Burnham, Q, Cordeiro, J, Coughran, J, Crandall, KA, Dawkins, KL, DiStefano, RJ, Doran, NE, Edsman, L, Eversole, AG, Fureder, L, Furse, JM, Gherardi, F, Hamr, P, Holdich, DM, Horwitz, P, Johnston, K, Jones, CM, Jones, JPG, Jones, RL, Jones, TG, Kawai, T, Lawler, S, Lopez-Mejia, M, Miller, RM, Pedraza-Lara, C, Reynolds, JD, Richardson, AMM, Schultz, MB, Schuster, GA, Sibley, PJ, Souty-Grosset, C, Taylor, CA, Thoma, RF, Walls, J, Walsh, TS, Collen, B, 2015. Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 370: 20140060 - 20140060, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0060" title="Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0060" volume="370" year="2015">Richman et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), cambarids have the most threatened species in Mexico concerning freshwater
|
||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subPhylum" subPhylum="Crustacea">Crustacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42527-6_8" author="Alvarez, F" editor="Kawai, T" journalOrPublisher="Springer, Cham" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="237 - 266" refId="B1" refString="Alvarez, F, Villalobos, JL, 2016. Freshwater decapod diversity and conservation in Mexico. In: Kawai, T, Cumberlidge, N, Eds., A global overview of the conservation of freshwater decapod crustaceans. Springer, Cham: 237 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42527-6_8" title="Freshwater decapod diversity and conservation in Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42527-6_8" volumeTitle="A global overview of the conservation of freshwater decapod crustaceans." year="2016">Alvarez and Villalobos 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species is an especially sensitive case derived from its peculiar habitat and narrow distribution ranges, which emphasizes an urgent need to design and fulfill conservation measures in the short term to avoid extinction of most of its populations. Consequently, efforts to include the species into the Mexican law NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010: Environmental Protection-Native species of Mexico of wild flora and fauna will be conducted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |