186 lines
19 KiB
XML
186 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="904EF315CF674CC751E181FAC8368350" ID-CLB-Dataset="40538" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190422" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91754df8-5dc8-4493-82bd-1e56e936e931" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190422" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1461112999980" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wallach, Van, Wüster, Wolfgang & Broadley, Donald G." docDate="2009" docId="DF7A577E284C6A13FF4B1BD1C42EEA7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02236p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2236" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Uraeus Wagler 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="23432F0628496A16FFDC1B46C06FEE5A" masterDocTitle="In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="26" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1720400476631" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F5F6BB3D6B4DEB860C90323972DC6EE3">
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<mods:title id="E1F84AB98F6ECD240D24E66DF9F56D21">In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8A971FCEC87C9C400031651CE5AC90D0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FB0C85CDC67A2E205B642D9B8925298E">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68F1CDB2A7204B3142B794C90590E7FE">Wüster, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9E90A7E2305D753FB3355A4B3221CB1A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="09236BD14FDAB7F88292ADCDC435236B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="19974B6A4CD1DBE8EAB9470950B58432">Broadley, Donald G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="06562868FCA696508E3929C0AD680184">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="15DB2CB32DABF7EE090BA796E7CF9E0B">
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<mods:date id="1AD07498B779F2A03586B8BD9B120E61">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CBE065985E7311C9DFBDE8A58F6F3B96" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="64859C1C188873D2DB76F1587BA0FBEC">2236</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="513C1B3D0874ADE307B485F30ADCF027" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190422</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DF7A577E284C6A13FF4B1BD1C42EEA7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119624156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF7A577E284C6A13FF4B1BD1C42EEA7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF7A577E284C6A13FF4B1BD1C42EEA7D" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="1FC9B5E3284C6A13FF4B1BD1C277EEEB" box="[151,536,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF4B1BD1C277EEEB" blockId="5.[151,536,151,177]" box="[151,536,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="0C245104284C6A13FF4B1BD1C277EEEB" bold="true" box="[151,536,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF4B1BD1C277EEEB" bold="true" box="[151,536,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FECB1BD1C277EEEB" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[279,536,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Uraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FECB1BD1C100EEEB" bold="true" box="[279,367,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Uraeus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FEAA1BD1C277EEEB" author="Wagler" box="[374,536,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Wagler, J. (1830) Naturliches System der Amphibien, mir Vorangehender Classification der Saugethiere und Vogel. Ein Beitrag zur Vergleichenden Zoologie. J. G. Cotta, Munchen, 354 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wagler, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FC9B5E3284C6A13FF4B1BA6C1DEEF78" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF4B1BA6C326EEA1" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[151,841,224,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF4B1BA6C154EEA0" bold="true" box="[151,315,224,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<typeStatus id="886858CA284C6A13FF4B1BA6C0BBEEA0" box="[151,212,224,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FE9F1BA7C2F4EEA1" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[323,667,225,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FE9F1BA7C1B3EEA0" box="[323,476,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Coluber haje</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FE381BA7C2F4EEA1" author="Linnaeus" box="[484,667,225,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" refString="Linnaeus, C. von. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Stockholm, Laurentii Salvii, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191A41C1DEEF78" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,433,263,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191A41C14CEF7B" bold="true" box="[197,291,263,289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Gender</emphasis>
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: masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FC9B5E3284C6A13FF191A68C4DEEF35" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191A68C4DEEF35" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191A68C121EF12" bold="true" box="[197,334,302,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Etymology</emphasis>
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: derived from the Egyptian
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FD7F1A69C29BEF12" box="[675,756,303,328]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Uraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FD7F1A69C29BEF12" box="[675,756,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">uraeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a symbol of the goddess Wadjet in the shape of a cobra with a spread hood, which formed part of the head-dress of Egyptian divinities and kings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FC9B5E3284C6A13FF191A3DC1AFEFE6" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191A3DC396EFCC" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,1017,379,406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191A3DC131EFCF" bold="true" box="[197,350,379,405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Distribution</emphasis>
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: open formations in most of Africa and southern Arabia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191AE4C1AFEFE6" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,448,418,444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191AE4C145EFE6" bold="true" box="[197,298,418,444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Content</emphasis>
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: six species:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FC9B5E3284C6A13FF191A8FC2AFECFE" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191A8FC2D2EFB9" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,701,457,483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="77C3C146284C6A13FF191A8FC2D2EFB9" box="[197,701,457,483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FF191A8FC2D2EFB9" ID-CoL="45KW2" authority="Bocage, 1879: 89" authorityName="Bocage" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1879" box="[197,701,457,483]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae" subGenus="Uraeus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191A8FC187EFB8" box="[197,488,457,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Naja (Uraeus) anchietae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="D672C079284C6A13FE331A8FC2D2EFB9" author="Bocage" box="[495,701,457,483]" page="89" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FE331A8FC2FAEFB9" author="Bocage" box="[495,661,457,483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. Du (1879) Subsidios para a fauna das possessoes portuguezas d'Africa occidental. Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas, e naturaes da Academia Real das Sciencas de Lisboa, 7, 85 - 96." type="journal article" year="1879">Bocage, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 89
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191AB6C2ABEC50" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,708,496,522]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FF191AB6C2ABEC50" authority="Peters, 1854: 624" authorityName="Peters" authorityPageNumber="624" authorityYear="1854" box="[197,708,496,522]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulifera" subGenus="Uraeus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191AB6C19FEC53" box="[197,496,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Naja (Uraeus) annulifera</emphasis>
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Peters, 1854: 624
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191951C2D4EC6A" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,699,534,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="77C3C146284C6A13FF191951C2D4EC6A" box="[197,699,534,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FF191951C2D4EC6A" ID-CoL="6S4HC" authority="Scortecci, 1932: 47" authorityName="Scortecci" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1932" box="[197,699,534,560]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabica" subGenus="Uraeus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191951C1BEEC6A" box="[197,465,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Naja (Uraeus) arabica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="D672C079284C6A13FE051950C2D4EC6A" author="Scortecci" box="[473,699,534,560]" page="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FE051950C2FCEC6A" author="Scortecci" box="[473,659,534,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Scortecci, G. (1932) Rettili dello Yemen. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 71, 39 - 49." type="journal article" year="1932">Scortecci, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 47
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF19197BC420EC0D" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,1103,573,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FF19197BC346EC0D" authority="Trape, Chirio & Wuster" authorityName="Trape, Chirio & Wuster" box="[197,809,573,599]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis" subGenus="Uraeus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF19197BC265EC0C" box="[197,522,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Naja (Uraeus) senegalensis</emphasis>
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Trape, Chirio & Wüster
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FC92197BC477EC0D" author="Trape" box="[846,1048,573,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Trape, J. - F., Chirio, L., Broadley, D. G. & Wuster, W. (2009) Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja haje) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa. Zootaxa, in press." type="book" year="2009">Trape et al, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: xxx
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF191922C2DCEC24" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,691,612,638]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="77C3C146284C6A13FF191922C2DCEC24" box="[197,691,612,638]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FF191922C2DCEC24" ID-CoL="45KWV" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 225" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1758" box="[197,691,612,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje" subGenus="Uraeus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF191922C1C6EC27" box="[197,425,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Naja (Uraeus) haje</emphasis>
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(
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<treatmentCitation id="D672C079284C6A13FE641922C2C3EC24" author="Linnaeus" box="[440,684,612,638]" page="225" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" year="1758">
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FE641922C2C3EC24" author="Linnaeus" box="[440,684,612,638]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" refString="Linnaeus, C. von. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Stockholm, Laurentii Salvii, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 225</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF1919CCC2AFECFE" blockId="5.[151,1436,224,676]" box="[197,704,650,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="77C3C146284C6A13FF1919CCC2AFECFE" box="[197,704,650,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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||
<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FF1919CCC2AFECFE" ID-CoL="45KXQ" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 223" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1758" box="[197,704,650,676]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivea" subGenus="Uraeus">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF1919CCC1DAECF9" box="[197,437,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Naja (Uraeus) nivea</emphasis>
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(
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<treatmentCitation id="D672C079284C6A13FE1919CCC2D8ECFE" author="Linnaeus" box="[453,695,650,676]" page="223" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" year="1758">
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FE1919CCC2D8ECFE" author="Linnaeus" box="[453,695,650,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" refString="Linnaeus, C. von. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Stockholm, Laurentii Salvii, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 223</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FC9B5E3284C6A13FF4B1991C21BEDD6" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF4B1991C21BEDD6" blockId="5.[151,1437,727,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF4B1991C17FECAB" bold="true" box="[151,272,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Intracranial (dorsal) anterior Vidian canal position, almost always 2–3 solid maxillary teeth (one specimen out of 21 examined by
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<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FDC719B8C2AFED42" author="Bogert" box="[539,704,766,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" refString="Bogert, C. M. (1943) Dentitional phenomena in cobras and other elapids with notes on adaptive modifications of fangs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 81, 285 - 360." type="journal article" year="1943">Bogert [1943]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33429B99284C6A13FD2519B8C477ED42" author="Szyndlar" box="[761,1048,766,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Szyndlar, Z. & Rage, J. - C. (1990) West Palearctic cobras of the genus Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae): interrelationships among extinct and extant species. Amphibia-Reptilia, 11, 385 - 400." type="journal article" year="1990">Szyndlar & Rage [1990]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had one solid maxillary tooth on each side), seven supralabials with penultimate (sixth) shield high, combination of one preocular and one anterior temporal, rostral as broad as deep, internasals as long as prefrontals, dorsal scales matt or moderately shiny, and fangs not adapted for spitting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FC9B5E3284C6A13FF1A18DEC42EEA7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="576CE668284C6A13FF1A18DEC42EEA7D" blockId="5.[151,1437,727,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FF1A18DEC122EDE8" bold="true" box="[198,333,920,946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
: This is a morphologically relatively conserved lineage that occupies open formations in much of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The most basal cladogenic split separates
|
||
<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FB2D1886C0B1EA5A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D39DEB284C6A13FB2D1886C0B5EA5A" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivea" subGenus="Uraeus">Naja (Uraeus) nivea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a species largely restricted to southern African areas with winter rainfall, from the remaining species, which occupy primarily tropical or subtropical formations (Wüster
|
||
<emphasis id="65A73A7A284C6A13FC701F4BC388EA7C" box="[940,999,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |