224 lines
29 KiB
XML
224 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="3C452F7A6105E45AD7B74DF323CE476F" ID-CLB-Dataset="35127" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3fc6ee3-7633-4bf5-9be4-f979ef9810c1" ID-PMC="PMC4233402" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-450-1" ID-PubMed="25408617" ID-ZooBank="6EAFB9611C8C4A88BB84CBCE13CDE663" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-450-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 450" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" checkinTime="1451245189022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2014" docId="D4860D03D9ECD42935F00AB83E83AE08" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 450: 1-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 450" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" docTitle="Scolytus robustus Blackman 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFF8FFEDC228FF81FFA4FFBD8B484705" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1701374697345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8853B4E08B0DD02EE480FDF2C192C12F">A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="673C3EBE04596AB2090F73B60A23DE29">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41C382D9E99CB57592B6B0C45C494E44">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F62DBAE55CCB5ACEAA560393A4DCC719">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D4860D03D9ECD42935F00AB83E83AE08" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056109" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D4860D03D9ECD42935F00AB83E83AE08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4860D03D9ECD42935F00AB83E83AE08" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C8590D1156CE90FBEADD0FCA68DB3EAB" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="ED0BCBBC43ECC781AC15DD82D7AC4750" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="11E2D6576D452D0AD8E8A01A07C7E9EC" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C6B31E7CF49839ED068B60C63FBFF460" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="B138912F91216E52C999BC40178F1C02" ID-CoL="4VTNL" authority="Blackman, 1934" authorityName="Blackman" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus Blackman, 1934</taxonomicName>
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Figs 52-53
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="924799F84451BAC98A099FF374D4735F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4EAC0194EA49941E16839135216C86BF" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="08E47E93610AE45F84B3BC50EBF89991" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<pageBreakToken id="E0A694AE1E9E794CD6C257969AD3E137" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">Scolytus</pageBreakToken>
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robustus
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</taxonomicName>
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Blackman, 1934: 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AD481E98E622FB83786EAB026AAFACC" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="12E2B13E9A69021D3EFFA0AC943C950B" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20E616B1F6FE6C9247B86359B47BA0FA" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="C3345C4A4E363CA69DDDE9EEDF2FFDE3" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
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male is quite distinctive with its strongly flattened frons, apical margin of ventrite 1 strongly, acutely produced forming a lip along the base of ventrite 2, basal margin of ventrite 2 appearing impressed and by the unarmed apical margin of ventrite 2. The female is morphologically similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="074892D3DF8A61050BA52FECE38E7A00" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus ventralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">Scolytus ventralis</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<taxonomicName id="FA655782FC397F1FB685343608237C13" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
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female is distinguished by having the apical margin of ventrite 1 forming a carinate lip along the basal margin of ventrite 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FEDE55935333E1363FBE2034B8549A8" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description (male)">
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<paragraph id="2EE62A871D47E7ACFB61DCEF364E841A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description (male).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A668F172CB76A06B28897A7359AC368E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2.5-4.0 mm long (mean = 3.2 mm; n = 20); 1.8-2.7 times as long as wide. Head, pronotum and abdominal venter dark red-brown, antennae light brown, legs dark red-brown to light brown, elytra red-brown. Pronotum typically darker than elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="366E097D55F3515BEB06BD92BB630A8C" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Head. Epistoma moderately emarginate; epistomal process strongly developed and elevated; median area above mandibles bearing dense patch of long, yellow, hair-like setae. Frons appearing flattened when viewed laterally, slightly transversely impressed just above epistoma; moderately, coarsely, longitudinally aciculate-punctate; aciculations converging at epistoma; punctures small, coarse; moderately and uniformly covered by long, fine, yellow erect hair-like setae, these longer than width of midpoint of eye. Antennal scape short, elongate; club flattened, irregularly ovoid, setose with partial septum, two sharply arcuate sutures visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ECC0F077373D636466B0D1BDCE881A8F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pronotum wider than long; apical margin broadly rounded, median area between eyes lined with scales; sides distinctly arcuate, strongly constricted near apex, forming a weak transverse impression near apical margin; surface smooth, shining, punctures on disc fine, shallow, moderately abundant, larger and more abundant laterally and on apical constriction; apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow, hair-like setae; base weakly bisinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BDA97FB91BD1B6E1208B57B5AF0E7C06" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Elytra with sides sub-parallel on apical half, narrowing to subquadrate, weakly serrate apex; apex moderately emarginated at suture. Margin of apical edge bearing large, coarse punctures. Disc smooth, shining; interstriae not impressed, more than twice width of striae, interstrial punctures uniseriate, smaller than those of striae, bearing minute, recumbent setae less than length of a puncture; striae weakly impressed. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect yellow setae. Metepimeron half-length of metanepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F25E4804ACBFE34393F2E7BC84B77FDF" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Venter. Apical margin of ventrite 1 strongly, acutely produced forming lip along base of ventrite 2, basal margin of ventrite 2 appearing impressed. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1; surface glabrous, shining, rugose, finely punctate; punctures small, fine, shallow; surface flattened, unarmed or with weak median tumescence on apical margin; lateral margins of ventrites 2-3 and ventrite 4 unarmed. Ventrite 5 carinate ridge closer to apical margin of segment; length of ventrite 5 equal to combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4; setal patch or median depression is absent.</paragraph>
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<caption id="421EF9487C42EBCD94E4C61CD28276B0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph id="AAFC732E7940D65E34960704B7890569" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Figure 52.
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<taxonomicName id="5F675B7F8ECAD1591D2E9EB2665657A5" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3F420E31AF1EA9C66C3E1AFBFCC6EBBD" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7D32ABFB1F6498AC31BAE7989E737B5A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="CD078C011175B4670763146CBF322DE4" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4CBC70FDB0CA57CDCF50E1C7121A6E58" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus ventralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">Scolytus ventralis</taxonomicName>
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male venters (from
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<bibRefCitation id="4FA5BF46AAB6795D5B2BC434E0B26E10" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="C10245612E628A1159E87F9A496FCBB1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph id="BF97DF5565DAEEA47DC1F0BBA12A10F6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Figure 53.
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<taxonomicName id="BA37C7963C7F2E63A282DF704E72DE0B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal male habitus B lateral male habitus C male frons D male frons oblique E male venter F male venter oblique G dorsal female habitus H lateral female habitus I female frons J female frons oblique K female venter L female venter oblique.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9559A570DE40C9150F2C579C7F972DA2" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">
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<paragraph id="8EBC52B2C73283D8701661025061D4B1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A9002C4C5400D8F5F1FBCE5FB5B71C3E" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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2.2-4.1 mm long (mean = 3.2 mm; n = 20); 1.9-2.5 times as long as wide. Similar to male except epistoma feebly emarginate, epistomal process less strong
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<pageBreakToken id="C0597050E1A64097A6C717A0DA4BDDAF" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">ly</pageBreakToken>
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developed and elevated, frons convex when viewed laterally, weakly longitudinally aciculate, setae sparser, shorter, less than width of eye; weakly transversely impressed between inner apices of eyes. Second ventrite unarmed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50C891EA29E51BDB94F028F7E5A8385E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="08E66A4E948295B9197DD6989648D7EE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E864BE7D9B7ED2031841EBC1D926B730" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">143.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3F3DF6D4E73A1777EF495216A3C0ACA2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="22A5257A079CE1E1627E0E5995914D7D" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C9DB899EF19095CF47C0F6E25F8F458" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Holotype
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<taxonomicName id="9B4A757094BF6B97619E0CB6639CF863" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
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Blackman: male, labeled "Prescott N.F. Ariz., VII-24-[19]30, M.W. Blackman Collector,
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<taxonomicName id="8C305898E737A14212E795802B075419" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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, Hopk. US 20410E, Type No. 43835 USNM" (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="185E5C315F422B7018BD7A5CCD331840" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph id="2198716C7FFD4C5A03E170CB8C0CF630" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="990562845DA7A149876104E95F5428F6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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UNITED STATES:ARIZONA: [Coconino Co.]: Grand Canyon North Rim, Kaibab National Forest, VI.[19]66, [L. Edson] (EMEC-4). [Graham Co.]: Pinaleno Mountains, Swift Trail, 3 mi, Lady Bug Saddle, 11.IX.1964, C.W.
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<normalizedToken id="48A9B87B0F9B050FA1E12D9816E6F399" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
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, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="0D176A13B9D356DBCE90A49775A8D046" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
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sp. (CASC-1, CNCI-4, EMEC-2); Coronado National Forest, SR 366,
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<geoCoordinate id="0D87E9FA6D925A799D45F4985167E6C8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.62837">N32°37.702'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DB05F5CC7DC9211549CF6DC3F9599E53" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-109.82453">W109°49.472'</geoCoordinate>
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, 7896 ft, 24.V.2010, S.M. Smith, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="FBB7F89FBB87C2BCE0F70737947E80E9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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(MSUC-2). COLORADO:Costilla Co.: near Fort Garland, Forbes Trinchera Ranch, VII-VIII.1976, D. Leatherman ex. white fir [=
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<taxonomicName id="B3844A0F2DC091815414108AE2EC3106" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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] (CSUC-1). Huerfano Co.: near Red Wing, 16.VII.1975, D. Leatherman, ex. white fir [=
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<taxonomicName id="DF190B7724A2C0760C083DE5773203E5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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] (CSUC-4). Pass Creek, 20.VIII.1975, D. Leatherman, ex. white fir [=
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<taxonomicName id="AC5D1278E4D955609E7B70931ECB73EF" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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] (CSUC-2). La Plata Co.: Columbine Lake, 11.VIII.2004, D. Leatherman, ex. subalpine fir [=
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<taxonomicName id="A61838AE003D510D743FE30476047CDE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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] (CSUC-1). NEVADA:Clark Co.: 19.VII.[19]29, C.C. Searl (DEBC-1, EMEC-4). Cathedral Rock, emerged 7-9.V.2002, R. Turnbow, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="261493C9803F95DA81FCDD2173D0C460" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. (WFBM-2). White Pine Co.: Baker, 17.V.1939, T.O. Thatcher (CNCI-2). NEW MEXICO:Bernalillo Co.: Cibola National Forest, Sandia Peak, 9.VII.[19]68, D.E. Bright (CNCI-1); NM536,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="961EEB424F5639F0D7CF2C4EF5C36253" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.21422">N35°12.853'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3408A74620C99DD17071F7D21F45DF19" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.412384">W106°24.743'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 8753 ft, 10.V.2010, S.M. Smith, A.I. Cognato, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06D689613537312C1EFB86E1610A102B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MSUC-15),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="283CFC3B2FA165491ACFA900B7707133" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.19425">N35°11.655'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B1BB9D0EB6C0E7B3DD9703740C38C9D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.40125">W106°24.075'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 8317 ft (MSUC-30). [Santa Fe Co.]: Santa Fe, Little Teseque Canyon, 14.VI.[19]35, Van Dyke (CASC-3). [Unspecified County]: Sandia Mountains, tree 9, 29.V.1969, S.L. Wood, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31F26FBEB1A5FB6E3682C13F4540D9AF" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MSUC-13), tree 18, 30.V.1969 (MSUC-19). TEXAS: [Unspecified county]: San Antonio, Hopk. U.S. 3938, W.F. Fiske, ex. bred 15.VI.[19]07 (USNM-3). UTAH:Cache Co.: Logan (CNCI-1). [San Juan Co.]: Mount Navajo, 8500 ft, 10.VI.[19]36, McAbee (CASC-4). Utah Co.: Payson Canyon, 14.V.1960, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0136E747BE98702DC2F4A0B11E2C265B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CNCI-3); 20.V.1961, S.L. Wood, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="295760EFC76484F4FA0DEBC159636A33" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM-9). [Unspecified County]: Bryce Canyon National Park, 10.V.1981, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52066963F193023055F7431C6FC637B4" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-10). UNSPECIFIED STATE: (CASC-1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C064B5723C96DA64D1D2EA58BABD3514" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0F5123D3129008432ECC46F103B07101" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7ABC2D4CAA24182C4A4E5C49C2796348" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">UNITED STATES: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah (Fig. 34).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E50CDC579EA18D53534C1B76D77EAE87" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="BBF817A79A34DF53B77547276BC62FF5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6EAED57960882379749BD5B81072BA16" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Principal host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07B7FBAD045CDC1FD04E469BF3AD2404" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr (white fir). Incidental host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="776D84240A62FD6077BE5CFCBA4BE171" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.) Nutt (subalpine fir).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E64BADDA879AC02D645785FBD7FDF050" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="60C1E3FC3E1CF234961E728B34BE98A7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D94F5CC7B63836B70E8F0A74681E709" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7E553773F634D15A091DD7E4DA1F1D2" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the limbs and tops of its host and fresh slash. Galleries are often initiated near limb bases (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="492F32F352917413829F1A720840B06D" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3CCD4211B358215D38DD69AE17FED33A" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The adult gallery contains two egg galleries that branch from the central nuptial chamber. Gallery shape is quite variable and ranges from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8FB8A9DE21DBEF7FF38444CCAFE7E3F4" originalValue="‘S’">'S'</normalizedToken>
|
||
shaped at an oblique angle to the grain to nearly perpendicular against the grain (Fig. 25). Typically one egg gallery obliquely extends from the central nuptial chamber against the grain of wood for a short distance before becoming apically recurved. The second egg gallery is identical to the first but runs in the opposite direction. However galleries may extend perpendicular
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C2103A604A3BD6606D2070B5EBA84F7D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the grain of the wood or may not be apically recurved. The adult gallery deeply scores the sapwood and ranges in size from 2.5-7.0 cm in length. Egg niches are distinct, score the sapwood and are closely spaced along the egg galleries. Larval mines rapidly diverge perpendicular to the adult gallery and are parallel to the grain of the wood. Larval mines terminate in pupation chambers that score the sapwood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F908D3134641B670A7833C89754B77D9" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="22C0F5B54076F26C6D256E93E896F6A3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="collection notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="67182D57E8BB84702E336F9E99757FFD" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Collection notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F84B8C9FB77F7B9E1430A02C0A338288" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">The senior author collected this species from 10.0 cm diameter slash with thick (5.0 mm) bark.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="692967A0C97304F22567831AEDFBA3A6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B0E7E8F4A2E9E3772951F9F24E11454" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="687F764212C4200043C91798F64C0B92" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
A relatively large amount of intraspecific variation (0.0537) was observed in mitochondrial COI sequences from specimens collected from Arizona and New Mexico and low variation observed between the two Arizona populations (Table 6).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3186BB9061588BC8797A2F290EE6F366" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
only occurs on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C3EFEC30766AD0C880538C6D9ADBD24" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In southeastern Arizona,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB44DC40A5FF4730700FCB3D7EBB2AF5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="705CE5058C90231F35BB3C762AE4E6D3" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Scolytus robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are confined to high elevation sites on the sky islands. These Arizona populations are isolated from the New Mexico populations by large areas that are unsuitable for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71E8246E16200D9A5A15068B445EFEE7" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No specific geographic morphological differences were observed among the examined specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |